Infantile spasms

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

Volumn 111, Issue , 2013, Pages 611-618

  Hrachovy, Richard A ^a,b   Frost, James D ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MICHAEL E DEBAKEY VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84876812179     PISSN: 00729752     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00063-4     Document Type: Chapter

References (60)

1. Aicardi J. Infantile spasms and related syndromes. Epilepsy in Children 1986, 17-38. Raven Press, New York. J. Aicardi (Ed.).
2. Baram T.Z. Pathophysiology of massive infantile spasms: perspective on the putative role of the brain adrenal axis. Ann Neurol 1993, 33:231-236.
3. Baram T., Mitchell W.G., Tournay A., et al. High-dose corticotropin (ACTH) versus prednisone for infantile spasms: a prospective, randomized, blinded study. Pediatrics 1996, 97:375-379.
4. Carrazana E.J., Barlow J.K., Holmes G.L. Infantile spasms provoked by partial seizures. J Epilepsy 1990, 3:97-100.
5. Chugani H.T., Mazziotta J.C., Engel J., et al. Positron emission tomography with 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose in infantile spasms. Ann Neurol 1984, 16:376-377.
6. Chugani H.T., Shields W.D., Shewmon D.A., et al. Infantile spasms: I. PET identifies focal cortical dysgenesis in cryptogenic cases for surgical treatment. Ann Neurol 1990, 27:406-413.
7. Chugani H.T., Shewmon D.A., Sankar R., et al. Infantile spasms: II. Lenticular nuclei and brain stem activation on positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:212-219.
8. Chugani H.T., Shewmon A., Shields D., et al. Surgery for intractable infantile spasms: neuroimaging perspectives. Epilepsia 1993, 34:764-771.
9. Desguerre I., Nabbout R., Dulac O. The management of infantile spasms. Arch Dis Child 2008, 93:462-463.
10. Duarte S., Sanmarti F., Gonzalez V., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid pterins and neurotransmitters in early severe epileptic encephalopathies. Brain Dev 2008, 30:106-111.
11. Dulac O., Chiron C., Robain O., et al. Infantile spasms: a pathophysiological hypothesis. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1994, 1:83-89.
12. Eisermann M.M., Ville D., Soufflet C., et al. Cryptogenic late-onset epileptic spasms: an overlooked syndrome of early childhood?. Epilepsia 2006, 47:1035-1042.
13. Frost J.D., Hrachovy R.A. Infantile Spasms 2003, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
14. Frost J.D., Hrachovy R.A. Pathogenesis of infantile spasms: A model based on developmental desynchronization. J Clin Neurophysiol 2005, 22:25-36.
15. Gibbs F.A., Gibbs E.L. Atlas of Electroencephalography. Epilepsy 1952, Vol. 2. Epilipsey. Addison-Wesley, Cambridge.
16. Guerrini R., Moro F., Kato M., et al. Expansion of the first PolyA tract ARX causes infantile spasms and status dystonicus. Neurol 2007, 69:427-433.
17. Guggenheim M.A., Frost J.D., Hrachovy R.A. Time interval from a brain insult to the onset of infantile spasms. Pediatr Neurol 2008, 38:34-37.
18. Hamano S., Yamashita S., Tanaka M., et al. Therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in West syndrome: differences in dosage of adrenocorticotropic hormone, onset of age, and cause. J Pediatr 2006, 148:485-488.
19. Hancock E., Osborne J. Treatment of infantile spasms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, 3. CD001770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001770.
20. Hancock E.C., Osborne J.P., Edwards S.W. Treatment of infantile spasms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008, 4. CD001770.
21. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D. Infantile spasms: a disorder of the developing nervous system. Problems and Concepts in Developmental Neurophysiology 1989, 131-147. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. P. Kellaway, J.L. Noebels (Eds.).
22. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D. Severe encephalopathic epilepsy in infants: Infantile spasms (West Syndrome). Pediatric Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Therapy 2008, 249-268. Demos Medical Publishing, Inc, New York. 3rd edn. J.M. Pellock, B.F.D. Bourgeois, W.E. Dodson (Eds.).
23. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., Kellaway P. Sleep characteristics in infantile spasms. Neurology 1981, 31:688-694.
24. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., Kellaway P., et al. Double-blind study of ACTH vs prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. J Pediatr 1983, 103:641-645.
25. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., Kellaway P. Hypsarrhythmia: variations on the theme. Epilepsia 1984, 25:317-325.
26. Hrachovy R.A., Glaze D.G., Frost J.D. A retrospective study of spontaneous remission and long-term outcome in patients with infantile spasms. Epilepsia 1991, 32:212-214.
27. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., Glaze D.G. Coupling of focal electrical seizure discharges with infantile spasms: Incidence during long-term monitoring in newly diagnosed patients. J Clin Neurophysiol 1994, 11:461a-464a.
28. Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., Glaze D.G. High dose/long duration vs. low dose/short duration corticotropin therapy in infantile spasms: a single blind study. J Pediatr 1994, 124:803b-806b.
29. Jansen L.A., Peugh L.D., Ojemann J.G. GABA(A) receptor properties in catastrophic infantile epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2008, 81:188-197.
30. Jeavons P.M., Bower B.D., Dimitrakoudi M. Long-term prognosis of 150 cases of " West syndrome" Epilepsia 1973, 14:153-164.
31. Jonas R., Asarnow R.F., LoPresti C., et al. Surgery for symptomatic infant-onset epileptic encephalopathy with and without infantile spasms. Neurology 2005, 64:746-750.
32. Kato M. A new paradigm for West syndrome based on molecular and cell biology. Epilepsy Res 2006, 70:S87-S95.
33. Kellaway P., Hrachovy R.A., Frost J.D., et al. Precise characterization and quantification of infantile spasms. Ann Neurol 1979, 6:214-218.
34. King D.W., Dyken P.R., Spinks I.L., et al. Infantile spasms: ictal phenomena. Pediatr Neurol 1985, 1:213-218.
35. Kobayashi K., Oka M., Akiyama T., et al. Very fast rhythmic activity on scalp EEG associated with epileptic spasms. Epilepsia 2004, 45:488-496.
36. Kurokawa T., Goya N., Fukuyama Y., et al. West syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a survey of natural history. Pediatrics 1980, 65:81-88.
37. Lacy J.R., Penry J.K. Infantile Spasms 1976, Raven Press, New York.
38. Lee C.L., Frost J.D., Swann J.W., et al. A new animal model of infantile spasms with unprovoked persistent seizures. Epilepsia 2008, 49:298-307.
39. Lombroso C.T. A prospective study of infantile spasms. Epilepsia 1983, 24:135-158.
40. Lombroso C.T. Early myoclonic encephalopathy, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, and benign and severe infantile myoclonic epilepsies: a critical review and personal contributions. J Clin Neurophysiol 1990, 7:380-408.
41. Lux A.L., Edwards S.W., Hancock E., et al. The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study comparing vigabatrin with prednisolone or tetracosactide at 14 days: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2004, 364:1773-1778.
42. Lux A.L., Edwards S.W., Hancock E., et al. United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study. The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) comparing hormone treatment with vigabatrin on developmental and epilepsy outcomes to age 14 months: a multicentre randomized trial. Lancet Neurol 2005, 4:712-717.
43. Mackay M.T., Weiss S.K., Adams-Webber T., et al. Practice Parameter: Medical Treatment of Infantile Spasms: Report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2004, 62:1668-1681.
44. Marsh E., Fulp C., Gomez E., et al. Targeted loss of Arx results in a developmental epilepsy mouse model and recapitulates the human phenotype in heterozygous females. Brain 2009, 132:1563-1576.
45. Montelli T.C., Soares A.M., Peraçoli M.T. Immunologic aspects of West syndrome and evidence of plasma inhibitory effects on T cell function. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2003, 61:731-737.
46. Oguni H., Yanagaki S., Hayashi K., et al. Extremely low-dose ACTH step-up protocol for West syndrome: maximum therapeutic effect with minimal side effects. Brain Dev 2006, 28:8-13.
47. Ohtahara S., Ohtsuka Y., Yamatogi Y., et al. The early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst: developmental aspects. Brain Dev 1987, 9:371-376.
48. Pellock J.M., Hrachovy R., Shinnar S., et al. Infantile spasms: A U.S. consensus report. Epilepsia 2010, 51:2175-2189.
49. Panzica F., Binelli S., Canafoglia L., et al. Ictal EEG fast activity in West syndrome: from onset to outcome. Epilepsia 2007, 48:2101-2110.
50. (GCG)10+7, with interneuronopathy, spasms in infancy, persistent seizures, and adult cognitive and behavioral impairment. J Neurosci 2009, 29:8752-8763.
51. Saltik S., Kocer N., Dervent A. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in infantile spasms: etiologic and pathophysiologic aspects. J Child Neurol 2003, 18:241-246.
52. Scantlebury M.H., Galanopoulou A.S., Chudomelova L., et al. A model of symptomatic infantile spasms syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2010, 37:604-612.
53. Snead O.C., Stewart L., Aleem I., et al. A new model of infantile spasms: genotypic, EEG, and behavioral characterization. Neurology 2007, 68:A211.
54. Sorel L., Dusaucy-Bauloye A. A propos de 21 cas d'hyp-sarythmie de Gibbs. Son traitement spectaculaire par 1'A.C.T.H. Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 1958, 58:130-141.
55. Stafstrom C.E. Infantile spasms: a critical review of emerging animal models. Epilepsy Currents 2009, 9:75-81.
56. Stromme P., Sundet K., Mork C., et al. X linked mental retardation and infantile spasms in a family: new clinical data and linkage to Xp11.4-Xp22.11. J Med Genet 1999, 36:374-378.
57. Velísek L., Jehle K., Asche S., et al. Model of infantile spasms induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in prenatally impaired brain. Ann Neurol 2007, 61:109-119.
58. Vigevano F., Cilio M.R. Vigabatrin versus ACTH as first-line treatment for infantile spasms: A randomized, prospective study. Epilepsia 1997, 38:1270-1274.
59. West W.J. On a peculiar form of infantile convulsions. Lancet 1841, 1:724-725.
60. Wohlrab G., Uyanik G., Gross C., et al. Familial West syndrome and dystonia caused by an Aristaless related homeobox gene mutation. Eur J Pediatr 2005, 164:326-328.