Treatment of infantile spasms

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 4, 2008, Pages

  Hancock, Eleanor C ^a   Osborne, John P ^b   Edwards, Stuart W ^b  

^a Goldsworth Park Health Centre   (United Kingdom)

^b ROYAL UNITED HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anticonvulsants *therapeutic use ; Humans; Infant; Psychomotor performance; Randomized controlled trials as topic; Spasms, infantile complications; *drug therapy ; Vigabatrin therapeutic use

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLONAZEPAM; CORTICOTROPIN; DIAZEPAM; FELBAMATE; GABAPENTIN; GANAXOLONE; HYDROCORTISONE; LAMOTRIGINE; METHYLPARATYROSINE; METHYSERGIDE; NITRAZEPAM; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; PLACEBO; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; PYRIDOXINE; SULTIAME; TETRACOSACTIDE; TOPIRAMATE; TYROSINE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID; VIGABATRIN;

BLEEDING; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DEATH; DROWSINESS; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; DRUG DOSE INCREASE; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EMBASE; EPILEPSY; FOLLOW UP; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPSARRHYTHMIA; INFANTILE SPASM; INFORMED CONSENT; IRRITABILITY; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LONG TERM CARE; LOW DRUG DOSE; MEDLINE; MELENA; MORTALITY; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; ONSET AGE; PSYCHOMOTOR DEVELOPMENT; RASH; RECURRENCE RISK; REM SLEEP; REVIEW; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIDE EFFECT; SOMNOLENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VOMITING; WEST SYNDROME;

EID: 55049115768     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001770.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Appleton 1999 {published data only} Appleton RE, Peters ACB, Mumford JP, Shaw DE. Randomised, placebo-controlled study of vigabatrin as first-line treatment of infantile spasms. Epilepsia 1999;40(11): 1627-33.
2. Askalan 2003 {published data only} Askalan R, Mackay M, Brian J, Otsubo H, et al.Prospective Preliminary Analysis of the Development of Autism and Epilepsy in Children with Infantile Spasms. Journal of Child Neurology 2003;18(3):165-70.
3. Baram 1996 {published data only} Baram TZ, Mitchell WG, Tournay A, Carter-Snead O, Hanson RA, Horton EJ. High-dose corticotropin (ACTH) versus prednisone for infantile spasms: a prospective, randomised, blinded study. Pediatrics 1996;97(3):375-9.
4. Chiron 1997 {published data only} Chiron C, Dumas C, Jambaque I, Mumford J, Dulac O. Randomized trial comparing vigabatrin and hydrocortisone in infantile spasms due to tuberous sclerosis. Epilepsy Research 1997;26:389-95.
5. Debus 2004 {published data only} Debus O, Kurlemann G. Sulthiame in the Primary Therapy of West Syndrome: A Randomised Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Add-on Trial on baseline Pyridoxine Medication. Personal Communication.
6. Debus OM, Kurlemann G. Sulthiame in the Primary Therapy of West Syndrome: A Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Add-on Trial on Baseline Pyridoxine Medication. Epilepsia 2004;45(2):103-8.
7. Dreifuss 1986 {published data only} Dreifuss F, Farwell J, Holmes G, Joseph C, Lockman L, Madsen J, et al.Infantile spasms. Comparative trial of nitrazepam and corticotropin. Archives of Neurology 1986;43:1107-10.
8. Dyken 1985 {published data only} Dyken PR, DuRant RH, Batts Minden D, King DW. Short term effects of valproate on infantile spasms. Pediatric Neurology 1985;1(1):34-7.
9. Elterman 2001 {published data only} Elterman RD, Shields WD, Mansfield KA, Nakagawa J. Randomized trial of vigabatrin in patients with infantile spasms. Neurology 2001;57:1416-21. [MEDLINE: 11673582]
10. Hrachovy 1983 {published data only} Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Kellaway P, Zion TE. Double-blind study of ACTH versus prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. Journal of Pediatrics 1983;103(4):641-4.
11. Hrachovy 1989 {published data only} Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Glaze DG, Rose D. Treatment of infantile spasms with methysergide and alpha-methylparatyrosine. Epilepsia 1989;30(5):607-10.
12. Hrachovy 1994 {published data only} Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Glaze DG. High-dose, long-duration versus low-dose, short -duration corticotropin therapy for infantile spasms. The Journal of Pediatrics 1994;124(5(1)):803-5.
13. Lux 2004 {published and unpublished data} Lux AL, Edwards SW, Hancock E, Johnson AL, et al.The united Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study (UKISS) comparing hormone treatment with vigabatrin on developmental and epilepsy outcomes to age 14 months: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet Neurology 2005;4:712-7.
14. Lux AL, Edwards SW, Hancock E, Johnson AL, et al.The United Kingdom Infantile Spasms Study comparing vigabatrin with prednisolone or tetracosactide at 14 days: amulticentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:1173-8.
15. Vigevano 1997 {published data only} * Vigevano F, Cilio MR. Vigabatrin versus ACTH as first line treatment for infantile spasms: a randomised prospective study. Epilepsia 1997;38(12):1270-4.
16. Vigevano F, Cilio MR, Claps D, Faberi A, Gisondi A. Vigabatrin versus ACTH as first line therapy in West syndrome [Vigabatrin versus ACTH come terapia di prima scelta nella sindrome di West]. Bollettino lega Italiana contro l'epilessia 1994;86/87:115-6.
17. Yanagaki 1999 {published data only} Yanagaki S, Oguni H, Hayashi K, Imai K, Funatuka M, Tanaka T, et al.A comparative study of high-dose and low-dose ACTH therapy for West syndrome. Brain and Development 1999;21(7):461-7.
18. Al Ajlouni 2005 {published data only} Al Ajlouni S, Shorman A, Daoud AS. The efficacy and side effects of topiramate on refractory epilepsy in infants and young children: a multicenter clinical trial. Seizure 2005;14 (7):459-63.
19. Albsoul-Younes 2004 {published data only} Albsoul-Younes AM, Salem HA, Al-Safi SA. Topiramate slow dose titration: improved efficacy and tolerability. Pediatric Neurology 2004;31(5):349-52.
20. Appleton 1993 {published data only} Appleton RE. The role of vigabatrin in the management of infantile epileptic syndromes. Neurology 1993;43 Suppl 5:21-3.
21. Arvio 2005 {published data only} Arvio M, Sillanpaa M. Topiramate in long-termtreatment of epilepsy in the intellectually disabled. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 2005;49(3):183-9.
22. Azam 2005 {published data only} Azam M, Bhatti N, Krishin J. Use of ACTH and prednisolone in infantile spasms: experience from a developing company. Seizure 2005;14 (8):552-6.
23. Bachman 1982 {published data only} Bachman DS. Use of valproic acid in treatment of infantile spasms. Archives of Neurology 1982;39:49-52.
24. Bensch 1977 {published data only} Bensch J, Blennow G, Ferngren H, Gamstorp I, Herrlin K-M, Kubista J, et al.A double-blind study of clonazepam in the treatment of therapy-resistant epilepsy in children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1977;19:335-42.
25. Besag 2004 {published data only} Besag F. Behvioural effects of the newer antiepileptic drugs: an update. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 2004;3(1):1-8.
26. Bingel 2003 {published data only} Bingel U, Pinter JD, Sotero de Menezes M, Rho JM. Intravenous immunoglobulin as adjunctive therapy for juvenile spasms. Journal of Child Neurology 2003;18(6):379-82.
27. Blennow 1986 {published data only} Blennow G, Starck L. High dose B6 treatment in infantile spasms. Neuropediatrics 1986;17:7-10.
28. Bobele 1994 {published data only} Bobele GB, Bodensteiner JB. The treatment of infantile spasms by child neurologists. Journal of Child Neurology 1994;9(4):432-5.
29. Boel 2004 {published data only} Boel M J. Behavioural and neuropsychological problems in refractory paediatric epilepsies. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 2004;8(6):291-7.
30. Brodie 1996 {published data only} Brodie MJ. Lamotrigine - an update. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1996;23 Suppl 2:6-9.
31. Browne 1978 {published data only} Browne TR. Clonazepam. The New England Journal of Medicine 1978;299(15):812-6.
32. Buoni 2004 {published data only} Buoni S, Zannolli R, Strambi M, Fois A. A combined treatment with vigabatrin and topiramate in West syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology 2004;19(5):385-6.
33. Chamberlain 1996 {published data only} Chamberlain MC. Nitrazepam for refractory infantile spasms and the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology 1996;11(1):31-4.
34. Chevrie 1984 {published data only} Chervrie JJ. Therapy of infantile spasms. The Journal of Pediatrics 1984;105(1):168-9.
35. Connelly 1993 {published data only} Connelly JF. Vigabatrin. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1993;27:197-204.
36. Debus 2002 {published data only} Debus OM, Kohring J, Fiedler B, Franssen M, et al.Add-on treatment with pyridoxine and suthiame in 12 infants with West syndrome: an open clinical study. Seizure 2002;11(6):381-3.
37. Duncan 2002 {published data only} Duncan JS. The promise of new antiepileptic drugs. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2002;53(2):123-31.
38. Duse 1996 {published data only} Duse M, Notarangelo LD, Tiberti S, Menegati E, Plebani A, Ugazio AG. Intravenous immune globulin in the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsy. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 1996;104 Suppl 1:71-6.
39. Francois 2003 {published data only} Francois II, Manel V, Rouselle C, David M. Ketogenic regime as anti-epileptic treatment: its use in 29 epileptic children. Achives De Pediatrie 2003;10(4):300-6.
40. Gibbs 1965 {published data only} Gibbs FA, Anderson EM. Treatment of hypsarrhythmia and infantile spasms with a librium analogue. Neurology 1965;15(12):1173-6.
41. Glauser 2002 {published data only} Glauser TA, PellocK JM. Zonisamide in pediatric epilepsy: review of the Japanese experience. Journal of Child Neurology 2002;17(2):87-96.
42. Glaze 1985 {published data only} Glaze D, Zion T. Infantile spasms. In: Lockhart JD editor(s). Current Problems in Pediatrics. 11. Vol. 15, Chicago: Year Book Medical Publisher, 1985:1-39.
43. Glaze 1986 {published data only} Glaze DG, Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Zion TE, Bryan RN. Computed tomography in infantile spasms: effects of hormonal therapy. Pediatric Neurology 1986;2(1):23-7.
44. Grosso 2005 {published data only} Grosso S, et al.Efficacy and safety of topiramate in infants according to epilepsy syndromes. Seizure 2005;14(3):183-9.
45. Haines 1994 {published data only} Haines ST, Casto DT. Treatment of infantile spasms. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 1994;28:779-91.
46. Hosain 2006 {published data only} Hosain S A, Merchant S, Solomon G E, et al.Topiramate for the treatment of infantile spasms. Journal of Child Neurology 2006;21(1):17-19.
47. Hrachovy 1979 {published data only} Hrachovy RA, Frost JD, Kellaway P, Zion T. A controlled study of prednisone therapy in infantile spasms. Epilepsia 1979;20:403-7.
48. Inanaga 1989 {published data only} Inanaga K, Kumashiro H, Fukuyama Y, Ohtahara S, Shirouzu M. Clinical study of oral administration of DN-1417, a TRH analog, in patients with intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 1989;30(4):438-45.
49. Ishii 2002 {published data only} Ishii, et al.Clinical study of catastrophic infantile epilepsy with focal seizures. Pediatric Neurology 2002;27(5):369-77.
50. Klein 1970 {published data only} Klein R. The effects of ACTH and corticosteroids on eplieptiform disorders. Progress in Brain Research 1970;32:263-9.
51. Li 2004 {published data only} Li ST, Chiu NC, Ho CS. Effect of topiramte on intractable sezures in Taianese children. Acta Neurologica Tawanica 2004;13(2):59-63.
52. Lombroso 1983 {published data only} Lombroso CT. A prospective study of infantile spasms: clinical and therapeutic correlations. Epilepsia 1983;24:135-58.
53. Lortie 1997 {published data only} Lortie A, Chiron C, Dumas C, Mumford J, Dulac O. Optimizing the indication of vigabatrin in children with refractory epilepsy. Journal of Child Neurology 1997;12(4):253-9.
54. Lotze 2004 {published data only} Lotze TE, Wilfong AA. Zonisamide treatment for symptomatic infantile spasms. Neurology 2004;62(2):296-8.
55. Luna 1989 {published data only} Luna D, Dulac O, Pajot N, Beaumont D. Vigabatrin in the treatment of childhood epilepsies: a single-blind placebo-controlled study. Epilepsia 1989;30(4):430-7.
56. Mackay 2004 {published data only} Mackay MT, et al.Practice parameter: medical treatment of infantile spasms: report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2004;62(10):1668-81.
57. Matsumoto 1987 {published data only} Matsumoto A, Kumagai T, Takeuchi T, Miyazaki S, Watanabe K. Clinical effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone for severe epilepsy in childhood: a comparative study with ACTH therapy. Epilepsia 1987;28(1):49-55.
58. Mikaeloff 2003 {published data only} Mikaeloff Y, et al.Topiramate: efficacy and tolerability in children according to epilepsy syndromes. Epilepsy Reseach 2003;53(3):225-32.
59. Mikati 2002 {published data only} Mikati MA, et al.Efficacy, tolerability and kinetics of lamotrogine in infants. Journal of Pediatrics 2002;141(1):31-5.
60. Mimaki 1998 {published data only} Mimaki T. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 1998;20(6):593-7.
61. Mumford 1989 {published data only} Mumford JP, Dam M. Meta-analysis of European placebo controlled studies of vigabatrin in drug resistant epilepsy. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1989;27 Suppl:101-7.
62. Mumford 1994 {published data only} Mumford JP, Cannon DJ. Vigabatrin. Epilepsia 1994;35 Suppl 5:25-8.
63. Nabbout 2003 {published data only} Nabbout R, Dulac O. Epileptic encephalopathies: a brief overview. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 2003;20(6):393-7.
64. Nolte 1988 {published data only} Nolte R, Christen HJ, Doerrer J. Preliminary report of a multi-center study on the West Syndrome. Brain and Development 1988;10(4):236-42.
65. O'Donohoe 1977 {published data only} O'Donohoe NV, Paes BA. A trial of clonazepam in the treatment of severe epilepsy in infancy and childhood. Epilepsy: The Eighth International Symposium. New York: Raven Press, 1977:159-62.
66. Oguni 2006 {published data only} Oguni H, Yanagaki S, Hayashi K, et al.Extremely low-dose ACTH step up protocol for West syndrome: maximum therapeutic effect with minimal side effects. Brain and Development 2006;28 (1):8-13.
67. Ohtahara 2006 {published data only} Ohtahara S. Zonisamide in the management of epilepsy - Japanese experience. Epilepsy Research 2006;68 Suppl:25-33.
68. Oka 2004 {published data only} Oka M, et al.A study of spike-density on EEG in West syndrome. Brain and Development 2004;26(2):105-12.
69. Pietz 1993 {published data only} Pietz J, Benninger C, Schafer H, Sontheimer D, Mittermaier G, Rating D. Treatment of infantile spasms with high-dosage vitamin B6. Epilepsia 1993;34(4):757-63.
70. Ramsay 1984 {published data only} Ramsey RE. Controlled and comparative trials with valproate: United States. Epilepsia 1984;25 Suppl 1:40-3.
71. Scher 2003 {published data only} Scher MS, et al.Uncoupling of EEG-clinical neonatal seizures after antiepileptic drug use. Pediatric Neurology 2003;28(4):277-80.
72. Schlanger 2002 {published data only} Schlanger S, Shinitzky M, Yam D. Diet enriched with omega-3 fatty acids alleviates convulsion symptoms in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 2002;43(1):103-4.
73. Schlumberger 1994 {published data only} Schlumberger E, Chavez F, Palacios L, Rey E, Pajot N, Dulac O. Lamotrigine in treatment of 120 children with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1994;35(2):359-67.
74. Suzuki 1996 {published data only} Suzuki Y, Kita T, Mano T, Arai H, Matsuoka T, Kodaka R, et al.Outcome of initial treatment with high-dose vitamin B6, valproate sodiumor clonazepamin West Syndrome. No To Hattatsu (Brain and Development) 1996;28(5):398-402.
75. Suzuki 2002 {published data only} Susuki Y, et al.Long-term response to zonisamide in patients with West syndrome. Neurology 2002;58(10):1556-9.
76. Tada 1991 {published data only} Tada H, Morooka K, Arimoto K, Matsuo T. Clinical effects of allopurinol on intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 1991;32(2):279-83.
77. Trevanthan {published data only} Trevathan E. Infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Journal of Child Neurology 2003;17 Suppl2:2S9-2S22.
78. Trompetter 1977 {published data only} Trompetter-van Woerden ML, van der Zwan A. Experiences with sodium 2-propyl valproate in the treatment of epilepsy [Ervaringen met valproinezuur (Depakine) bij de behandeling van epilepsie]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 1977;121(14):578-90.
79. Vassella 1973 {published data only} Vassella F, Pavlincova E, Schneider HJ, Rudin HJ, Karbowski K. Treatment of infantile spasms and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with clonazepam (Rivotril). Epilepsia 1973;14:165-75.
80. Veggiotti 1994 {published data only} Veggiotti P, Cieuta C, Rey E, Dulac O. Lamotrigine in infantile spasms. Lancet 1994;344:1375-6.
81. Wallace 1995 {published data only} Wallace SJ. Management issues in severe childhood epilepsies. Seizure 1995;4:215-20.
82. Weinmann 1967 {published data only} Weinmann HM. Mogadon therapy of infantile spasms. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1967;23(2):183.
83. Willig 1980 {published data only} Willig RP, Lagenstein I. Therapeutic trial with a fragment of ACTH (ACTH 4-10) in early childhood epilepsy [Therapieversuch mit einem ACTH-Fragment (ACTH 4-10) bei Fruhkindlichen Anfallen]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 1980;128(2):100-3.
84. Wohlrab 1998 {published data only} Wohlrab G, Bolthauser E, Schmitt B. Vigabatrin as a first -line drug in West Syndrome: clinical and electroencephalographic outcome. Neuropediatrics 1998;29:133-6.
85. Yagi 2004 {published data only} Yagi K. Overviewof Japanese experience-controlled and uncontrolled trials. Seizure 2004;13 Suppl 1:11-5.
86. Yamamoto 1998 {published data only} Yamamoto H, Asoh M, Murakami H, Kamiyama N, Ohta C. Liposteroid (dexamethasone palmitate) therapy for West Syndrome: a comparative study wWith ACTH therapy. Pediatric Neurology 1998;18(5):415-9.
87. Yamauchi 2004 {published data only} Yamauchi T, Aikawa H. Efficacy of zonisamide: our experience. Seizure 2004;13 Suppl 1:41-8.
88. Zafeiriou 1996 {published data only} Zafeiriou DI, Kontopoulos EE, Tsikoulas IG. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and vigabatrin treatment of children with infantile spasms underlying cerebral palsy. Brain and Development 1996;18:450-2.
89. ICISS {unpublished data only} International Collaboration Infantile Spasms Study. Ongoing study May 2007.
90. ISRCTN 36757519 {unpublished data only} Ongoing study Starting date of trial not provided. Contact author for more information.
91. ISRCTN Surgery/AEDs {published data only} Ongoing study Starting date of trial not provided. Contact author for more information.
92. Aicardi 1994 Aicardi J. Epilepsy in children: infantile spasms and related syndromes. In: Procopis P, Rapin I editor(s). The International Review of Child Neurology. 2nd Edition. New York: Raven Press, 1994.
93. Beaumanoir 1992 Beaumanoir A, Dravet C. The Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. In: Roger J, Bureau M, Dravet C, Dreifuss F, Pervet H, Wolf P editor(s). Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence. Second Edition. London: John Libbey, 1992:115-32.
94. Cowan 1991 Cowan LD, Hudson LS. The epidemiology and natural history of infantile spasms. Journal of Child Neurology 1991;6:335-64.
95. Hancock 1998 Hancock E, Osborne J. Treatment of infantile spasms with high dose oral prednisolone. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1998;40:500.
96. Hancock 1999 Hancock E, Osborne J. Vigabatrin in treatment of infantile spasms in tuberous sclerosis: literature review. Journal of Child Neurology 1999;14(2):71-4.
97. Higgins 2008 Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.0 [updated February 2008]. The Cochrane Collaboration 2008. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org.
98. ILAE 1989 ILAE. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia 1989;30(4):389-99.
99. Lux 2004b Lux AL, Osborne JP. A Proposal for Case Definitions and Outcome Measures in Studies of Infantile Spasms and West Syndrome: Consensus Statement of the West Delphi Group. Epilepsia 2004;45(11):1416-28.
100. Mackay 2004 Mackay MT, et al.Practice parameter: medical treatment of infantile spasms: report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child neurology Society. Neurology 2004;62(10):1668-81.
101. Riikonen 1996 Riikonen R. Long-termoutcome of West Syndrome: a study of adults with a history of infantile spasms. Epilepsia 1996;37(4):367-72.
102. Roger 1985 Roger J, Durvet C, Bureau M, Dreifuss FE, Wolf P. West Syndrome: infantile spasms. Epileptic syndromes in infancy, childhood and adolescence. John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. 1985.