Protecting biodiversity outside protected areas: Can agricultural landscapes contribute to bird conservation on Natura 2000 in Italy?

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 1-11

  Cai, Mattia ^a   Pettenella, Davide ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

agricultural landscapes; land use change; landscape management; Natura 2000; protected areas

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES; LAND-USE CHANGE; LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT; NATURA 2000; PROTECTED AREAS;

AGRICULTURE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION;

LAND USE;

AVES;

EID: 84876735682     PISSN: 16486897     EISSN: 18224199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3846/16486897.2012.663089     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Anon 2007. Sustainable development indicators in your pocket 2007. London, UK: Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. 132 p.
2. Anon 2009. Osservatorio nazionale sui consumi di suolo. Primo rapporto 2009. Sant'Arcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli Editore. 128 p. (in Italian)
3. Anselin, L. 1988. Spatial econometrics: methods and models. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 284 p.
4. Araújo, M. B. 2003. The coincidence of people and biodiversity in Europe, Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j. 1466-822X.2003.00314.x
5. Báldi, A.; Faragó, S. 2007. Long-term changes of farmland game populations in a post-socialist country (Hungary), Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 118: 307-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.021
6. Bauẑa, D. 2007. Estimation and trends of landscape transformation in the second half of the 20th century, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 15(2): 119-124.
7. Benton, T. G.; Bryant, D. M.; Cole, L.; Crick, H. Q. P. 2002. Linking agricultural practice to insect and bird populations: a historical study over three decades, Journal of Applied Ecology 39: 673-687. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00745.x
8. Bignal, E. M.; McCracken, D. I. 1996. Low-intensity farming systems in the conservation of the countryside, Journal of Applied Ecology 33: 413-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404973
9. Billeter, R.; Liir, J.; Bailey, D.; Bugter, R.; Arens, P.; Augenstein, I.; Aviron, S.; Baudry, J.; Bukacek, R.; Burel, F.; Cerny, M.; De Blust, G.; De Cock, R.; Diekötter, T.; Dietz, H.; Dirksen, J.; Dormann, C.; Durka, W.; Frenzel, M.; Hamersky, R.; Hendrickx, F.; Herzog, F.; Klotz, S.; Koolstra, B.; Lausch, A.; Le Coeur, D.; Maelfait, J. P.; Opdam, P.; Roubalova, M.; Schermann, A.; Schermann, N.; Schimdt, T.; Schweiger, O.; Smulders, M. J. M.; Speelmans, M.; Simova, P.; Verboom, J.; van Wingerden, W. K. R. E.; Zobel, M.; Edwards, P. J. 2008. Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan-European study, Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 141-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2664.2007.01393.x
10. Bivand, R. S.; Pebesma, E. J.; Gómez-Rubio, V. 2008. Applied spatial data analysis with R. Springer. 378 p.
11. Bolger, D. T.; Scott, T. A.; Rotenberry, J. T. 1997. Breeding bird abundance in an urbanizing landscape in coastal Southern California, Conservation Biology 11(2): 406-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997. 96307.x
12. Chamberlain, D.; Fuller, R.; Bunce, R.; Duckworth, J.; Shrubb, M. 2000. Changes in the abundance of farmland birds in relation to the timing of agricultural intensification in England and Wales, Journal of Applied Ecology 37: 771-788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00548.x
13. Chown, S. L.; van Rensburg, B.; Gaston, K. J.; Rodrigues, A. L.; van Jaarsveld, A. S. 2003. Energy, species richness, and human population size: conservation implications at the national scale, Ecological Applications 13(5): 1233-1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/02-5105
14. Csereklye, E. K. 2010. Monitoring of landscape combinations and concourses in the Hungarian Danube-bend, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 18(1): 5-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.01
15. de Snoo, G. R. 1999. Unsprayed field margins: effects on environment, biodiversity and agricultural practice, Landscape and Urban Planning 46: 151-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00039-0
16. Di Giulio, M.; Holderegger, R.; Tobias, S. 2009. Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes, Journal of Environmental Management 90: 2959-2968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.002
17. Donald, P. F.; Green, R. E.; Heath, M. F. 2001. Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe's farmland bird populations, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 268: 25-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb. 2000.1325
18. Dunning, J. B.; Danielson, B. J.; Pulliam, H. R. 1992. Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes, Oikos 65(1): 169-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3544901
19. European Commission 2008. Management of Natura 2000 sites: best practices [Online]. [Cited September 2009]. Available from Internet: http://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/natura2000/
20. ESRI. ArcInfo Workstation version 9.2 GIS software. Evans, K. L.; van Rensburg, B.; Gaston, K. J.; Chown, S. L. 2006. People, species richness and human population growth, Global Ecology and Biogeography 15: 625-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2006.00253.x
21. Falcucci, A.; Maiorano, L.; Boitani, L. 2007. Changes in landuse/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation, Landscape Ecology 22: 617-631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980- 006-9056-4
22. Farina, A. 1997. Landscape structure and breeding bird distribution in a sub-Mediterranean agro-ecosystem, Landscape Ecology 12: 365-378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007934518160
23. Fischer, J.; Lindenmayer, D. B. 2007. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis, Global Ecology and Biogeography 16: 265-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00287.x
24. Fischer, M.; Wipf, S. 2002. Effect of low-intensity grazing on the species-rich vegetation of traditionally mown subalpine meadows, Biological Conservation 104: 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00149-5
25. Flather, C. H.; Sauer, J. R. 1996. Using landscape ecology to test hypotheses about large-scale abundance patterns in migratory birds, Ecology 77(1): 28-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2265651
26. Fox, A. D. 2004. Has Danish agriculture maintained farmland bird populations?, Journal of Applied Ecology 41: 427-439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ j.0021-8901.2004.00917.x
27. Freemark, K.; Boutin, C. 1995. Impacts of agricultural herbicide use on terrestrial wildlife in temperate landscapes: a review with special reference to North America, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 52: 67-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(94)00534-L
28. Gaston, K. J. 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity, Nature 405: 220-227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35012228
29. Gaston, K. J.; Evans, K. L. 2004. Birds and people in Europe, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271: 1649-1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2782
30. Gaston, K. J.; Williams, P. H. 1996. Spatial patterns in taxonomic diversity, Chapter 8 in Gaston, K. J. (Ed.). Biodiversity: a biology of numbers and difference. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 202-229 p.
31. Giupponi, C.; Ramanzin, M.; Sturaro, E.; Fuser, S. 2006. Climate and land use changes, biodiversity and agri-environmental measures in the Belluno province, Italy, Environmental Science & Policy 9: 163-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2005.11.007
32. Gregory, R. D.; van Strien, A.; Vorisek, P.; Gmelig Meyling, A. W.; Noble, D. G.; Foppen, R. P. B.; Gibbons, D. W. 2005. Developing indicators for European birds, Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society B 360: 269-288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1602
33. Gude, P. H.; Hansen, A. J.; Jones, D. A. 2007. Biodiversity consequences of alternative future land use scenarios in Greater Yellowstone, Ecological Applications 17(4): 1004-1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1108
34. Hanley, N.; Tinch, D.; Angelopoulos, K.; Davies, A.; Barbier, E. B.; Watson, F. 2009. What drives long-term biodiversity change? New insights from combining economics, paleoecology, and environmental history, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 57(1): 5-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jeem.2008.03.005
35. Hansen, A. J.; DeFries, R. 2007. Ecological mechanisms linking protected areas to surrounding lands, Ecological Applications 17(4): 974-988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1098
36. Hansen, A. J.; Rotella, J. J. 2002. Biophysical factors, land use, and species viability in and around nature reserves, Conservation Biology 16(4): 1112-1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00545.x
37. Harrison, S.; Bruna, E. 1999. Habitat fragmentation and largescale conservation: what do we know for sure?, Ecography 2(3): 225-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00496.x
38. Jackson, S. F.; Gaston, K. J. 2008. Land use change and the dependence of national priority species on protected areas, Global Change Biology 14: 2132-2138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01628.x
39. Jongman, R. H. G.; Külvik, M.; Kristiansen, I. 2004. European ecological networks and greenways, Landscape and Urban Planning 68: 305-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(03)00163-4
40. Kladivko, E. J. 2001. Tillage systems and soil ecology, Soil & Tillage Research 61: 61-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00179-9
41. Kleijn, D.; Báldi, A. 2005. Effects of set-aside land on farmland biodiversity: comments on Van Buskirk and Willi, Conservation Biology 19(3): 963-966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00603.x
42. Laiolo, P.; Dondero, F.; Cilinto, E.; Rolando, A. 2004. Consequences of pastoral abandonment for the structure and diversity of the alpine avifauna, Journal of Applied Ecology 41: 294-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8901. 2004.00893.x
43. Luoto, M.; Rekolainen, S.; Aakkula, J.; Pykälä, J. 2003. Loss of plant species richness and habitat connectivity in grassland associated with agricultural change in Finland, Ambio 32(7): 447-452.
44. MacDonald, D.; Crabtree, J. R.; Weisinger, G.; Dax, T.; Stamou, N.; Fleury, P.; Gutierrez Lapita, J.; Gibon, A. 2000. Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: environmental consequences and policy response, Journal of Environmental Management 59(1): 47-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ jema.1999.0335
45. MacDonald, R. I.; Kareiva, P.; Forman, R. T. T. 2008. The implications of current and future urbanization for global protected areas and biodiversity conservation, Biological Conservation 141: 1695-1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.biocon.2008.04.025
46. Maiorano, L.; Falcucci, A.; Boitani, L. 2008. Size-dependent resistance of protected areas to land-use change, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 275: 1297-1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1756
47. Maiorano, L.; Falcucci, A.; Garton, E. O.; Boitani, L. 2007. Contribution of the Natura 2000 network to biodiversity conservation in Italy, Conservation Biology 21(6): 1435-1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00831.x
48. McKinney, M. L. 2002. Do human activities raise species richness? Contrasting patterns in United States plants and fishes, Global Ecology and Biogeography 11: 343-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00293.x
49. McLaughlin, A.; Mineau, P. 1995. The impact of agricultural practices on biodiversity, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 55: 201-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(95)00609-V
50. Ministero dell'Ambiente 2010. Italian National biodiversity strategy [Online]. [Cited September 2011]. Available from Internet: http://www. minambiente.it/export/sites/default/archivio/al legati/biodiversita/estratto
51. Okzan, K.; Senol, H.; Gulsoy, S.; Mert, A.; Suel, H.; Eser, Y. 2009. Vegetation-environment relationships in Mediterranean mountain forests on limeless bedrocks of southern Anatolia, Turkey, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 17(3): 154-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ 1648-6897.2009.17.154-163
52. Oñate, J. J.; Atance, I.; Baradají, I.; Llusia, D. 2007. Modelling the effects of alternative CAP policies for the Spanish high-nature value cereal-steppe farming systems, Agricultural Systems 94: 247-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2006.09.003
53. Paiders, J. 2008. Status of environmental protection as a source of finance for regional economic development: measurement of environmental and regional policy with the fisher function, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 16(1): 45-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-6897.2008. 16.45-55
54. Park, S. A.; Harcourt, A. H. 2002. Reserve size, local human density, and mammalian extinctions in U.S. protected areas, Conservation Biology 16(3): 800-808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00288.x
55. Pautasso, M. 2007. Scale dependence of the correlation between human population presence and vertebrate and plant species richness, Ecology Letters 10: 16-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00993.x R
56. Development Core Team 2009. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 1706 p.
57. Robinson, R. A.; Sutherland, W. J. 2002. Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain, Journal of Applied Ecology 39: 157-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x
58. Schonewald-Cox, C.; Buechner, M.; Sauvajot, R.; Wilcox, B. A. 1992. Cross-boundary management between nationalparks and surrounding lands: a review and discussion, Environmental Management 16(2): 273-282. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1007/BF02393833
59. Sendẑikaite, J.; Pakalnis, R. 2006. Extensive use of sown meadows-a tool for restoration of botanical diversity, Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 14(3): 149-158.
60. Shafer, C. L. 1999. US national park buffer zones: historical, scientific, social, and legal aspects, Environmental Management 23(1): 49-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900167
61. StataCorp. 2007. Stata statistical software: release 10. StataCorp LP, College Station, TX
62. Tilman, D. 1984. Plant dominance along an experimental nutrient gradient, Ecology 65(5): 1445-1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1939125
63. van Buskirk, J.; Willi, Y. 2004. Enhancement of farmland biodiversity within set-aside land, Conservation Biology 18(4): 987-994. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00359.x
64. Verburg, P. H.; Schulp, C. J. E.; Witte, N.; Veldkamp, A. 2006. Downscaling of land use change scenarios to assess the dynamics of European landscapes, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 114: 39-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.11.024
65. Verhulst, J.; Báldi, A.; Kleijn, D. 2004. Relationship between land-use intensity and species richness and abundance of birds in Hungary, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 104: 465-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.agee.2004.01.043
66. Vester, H. F. M.; Lawrence, D.; Eastman, J. R.; Turner, B. L.; Calme, S.; Dickson, R.; Pozo, C.; Sangermano, F. 2007. Land change in the Southern Yucatan and Calakmul biosphere reserve: effects on habitat and biodiversity, Ecological Applications 17(4): 989-1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1106
67. Viña, A.; Bearer, S.; Chen, X.; He, G.; Linderman, M.; An, L.; Zhang, H.; Ouyang, Z.; Liu, J. 2007. Temporal changes in giant panda habitat connectivity across boundaries of Wolong nature reserve, China, Ecological Applications 17(4): 1019-1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1288
68. Wade, A. A.; Theobald, D. M. 2010. Residential development encroachment on U.S. protected areas, Conservation Biology 24(1): 151-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01296.x
69. Wickramasinghe, L. P.; Harris, S.; Jones, G.; Vaughan, N. 2003. Bat activity and species richness on organic and conventional farms: impact of agricultural intensification, Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 984-993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2003.00856.x
70. Woodward, R. T.; Wui, Y. S. 2001. The economic value of wetland services: a meta-analysis, Ecological Economics 37(2): 257-270. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S0921-8009(00)00276-7
71. Wooldridge, J. M. 2002. Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. MIT Press. 752 p.
72. Zervas, G. 1998. Quantifying and optimizing grazing regimes in Greek mountain systems, Journal of Applied Ecology 35: 983-986. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1111/j.1365-2664.1998.tb00019.x