메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 1233-1241

Energy, species richness, and human population size: Conservation implications at a national scale

Author keywords

Area selection; Avian species richness; Conservation conflicts; Human population size; Primary productivity; Reserves; Scale

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONFLICT MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; POPULATION SIZE; SPECIES RICHNESS;

EID: 0348160049     PISSN: 10510761     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/02-5105     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (156)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0007892736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White paper on the conservation and sustainable use of South Africa's biological diversity
    • Pretoria, South Africa
    • Anonymous. 1997. White paper on the conservation and sustainable use of South Africa's biological diversity. Government Gazette no. 18163. Pretoria, South Africa.
    • (1997) Government Gazette No. 18163
  • 4
    • 0033580446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why biodiversity surveys are good value
    • Balmford, A., and K. J. Gaston. 1999. Why biodiversity surveys are good value. Nature 398:204-205.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 204-205
    • Balmford, A.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 8
    • 0030964829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socioeconomic factors and tropical deforestation
    • Bawa, K. S., and S. Dayanandan. 1997. Socioeconomic factors and tropical deforestation. Nature 386:562-563.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 562-563
    • Bawa, K.S.1    Dayanandan, S.2
  • 9
    • 0004651550 scopus 로고
    • Recent past and future extinctions in birds
    • J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, editors. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Bibby, C. J. 1995. Recent past and future extinctions in birds. Pages 98-110 in J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, editors. Extinction rates. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1995) Extinction Rates , pp. 98-110
    • Bibby, C.J.1
  • 10
    • 0030619909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deforestation predicts the number of threatened birds in insular Southeast Asia
    • Brooks, T. M., S. L. Pimm, and N. J. Collar. 1997. Deforestation predicts the number of threatened birds in insular Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology 11:382-394.
    • (1997) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , pp. 382-394
    • Brooks, T.M.1    Pimm, S.L.2    Collar, N.J.3
  • 11
    • 0032721589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threat from deforestation to montane and lowland birds and mammals in insular South-east Asia
    • Brooks, T. M., S. L. Pimm, V. Kapos, and C. Ravilious. 1999a. Threat from deforestation to montane and lowland birds and mammals in insular South-east Asia. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:1061-1078.
    • (1999) Journal of Animal Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1061-1078
    • Brooks, T.M.1    Pimm, S.L.2    Kapos, V.3    Ravilious, C.4
  • 12
    • 0032827316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments
    • Brooks, T. M., S. L. Pimm, and J. O. Oyugi. 1999b. Time lag between deforestation and bird extinction in tropical forest fragments. Conservation Biology 13:1140-1150.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 1140-1150
    • Brooks, T.M.1    Pimm, S.L.2    Oyugi, J.O.3
  • 13
    • 0035342404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of reserve networks and the persistence of biodiversity
    • Cabeza, M., and A. Moilanen. 2001. Design of reserve networks and the persistence of biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16:242-248.
    • (2001) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.16 , pp. 242-248
    • Cabeza, M.1    Moilanen, A.2
  • 15
    • 0034720163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human population in the biodiversity hotspots
    • Cincotta, R. P., J. Wisnewski, and R. Engelman. 2000. Human population in the biodiversity hotspots. Nature 404:990-992.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 990-992
    • Cincotta, R.P.1    Wisnewski, J.2    Engelman, R.3
  • 16
    • 0002503780 scopus 로고
    • The scale of the human enterprise and biodiversity loss
    • J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, editors. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Ehrlich, P. R. 1995. The scale of the human enterprise and biodiversity loss. Pages 214-226 in J. H. Lawton and R. M. May, editors. Extinction rates. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
    • (1995) Extinction Rates , pp. 214-226
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1
  • 19
    • 0348112651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overlap of species richness and development-opportunity does not imply conflict
    • Faith, D. P. 2001. Overlap of species richness and development- opportunity does not imply conflict. Science 293: 1591-1592.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1591-1592
    • Faith, D.P.1
  • 20
    • 0031876550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dealing with established reserve networks and incomplete distribution data sets in conservation planning
    • Freitag, S., A. O. Nicholls, and A. S. van Jaarsveld. 1998. Dealing with established reserve networks and incomplete distribution data sets in conservation planning. South African Journal of Science 94:79-86.
    • (1998) South African Journal of Science , vol.94 , pp. 79-86
    • Freitag, S.1    Nicholls, A.O.2    Van Jaarsveld, A.S.3
  • 21
    • 0034636581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns in biodiversity
    • Gaston, K. J. 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature 405:220-227.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 220-227
    • Gaston, K.J.1
  • 23
    • 0036321189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical factors, land use, and species viability in and around nature reserves
    • Hansen, A. J., and J. J. Rotella. 2002. Biophysical factors, land use, and species viability in and around nature reserves. Conservation Biology 16:1112-1122.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 1112-1122
    • Hansen, A.J.1    Rotella, J.J.2
  • 24
    • 0034915550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human density as an influence on species/area relationships: Double jeopardy for small African reserves?
    • Harcourt, A. H., S. A. Parks, and R. Woodroffe. 2001. Human density as an influence on species/area relationships: double jeopardy for small African reserves? Biodiversity and Conservation 10:1011-1026.
    • (2001) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 1011-1026
    • Harcourt, A.H.1    Parks, S.A.2    Woodroffe, R.3
  • 26
    • 0027788164 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity, soils, and economics
    • Huston, M. 1993. Biological diversity, soils, and economics. Science 262:1676-1680.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 1676-1680
    • Huston, M.1
  • 27
    • 0035980079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People and biodiversity in Africa
    • Huston, M. 2001. People and biodiversity in Africa. Science 293:1591.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1591
    • Huston, M.1
  • 28
    • 0033583304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capitalizing on nature: Protected area management
    • Inamdar, A., H. de Jode, K. Lindsay, and S. Cobb. 1999. Capitalizing on nature: protected area management. Science 283:1856-1857.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1856-1857
    • Inamdar, A.1    De Jode, H.2    Lindsay, K.3    Cobb, S.4
  • 30
    • 0035090506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we afford to conserve biodiversity?
    • James, A., K. J. Gaston, and A. Balmford. 2001. Can we afford to conserve biodiversity? BioScience 51:43-52.
    • (2001) BioScience , vol.51 , pp. 43-52
    • James, A.1    Gaston, K.J.2    Balmford, A.3
  • 31
    • 0037200119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness
    • Jetz, W., and C. Rahbek. 2002. Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness. Science 297:1548-1551.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1548-1551
    • Jetz, W.1    Rahbek, C.2
  • 32
    • 0028995689 scopus 로고
    • Effects of human activity on global extinction risk
    • Kerr, J. T., and D. J. Currie. 1995. Effects of human activity on global extinction risk. Conservation Biology 9:1528-1538.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 1528-1538
    • Kerr, J.T.1    Currie, D.J.2
  • 34
    • 0035815413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological degradation in protected areas: The case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas
    • Liu, J., M. Linderman, Z. Ouyang, L. An, J. Yang, and H. Zhang. 2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for Giant Pandas. Science 292:98-101.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 98-101
    • Liu, J.1    Linderman, M.2    Ouyang, Z.3    An, L.4    Yang, J.5    Zhang, H.6
  • 35
    • 0029526143 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to an evaluation of the protection status of South Africa's vertebrates
    • Lombard, A. T. 1995a. Introduction to an evaluation of the protection status of South Africa's vertebrates. South African Journal of Zoology 30:63-70.
    • (1995) South African Journal of Zoology , vol.30 , pp. 63-70
    • Lombard, A.T.1
  • 36
    • 0029503959 scopus 로고
    • The problems with multi-species conservation: Do hotspots, ideal reserves and existing reserves coincide?
    • Lombard, A. T. 1995b. The problems with multi-species conservation: do hotspots, ideal reserves and existing reserves coincide? South African Journal of Zoology 30:145-163.
    • (1995) South African Journal of Zoology , vol.30 , pp. 145-163
    • Lombard, A.T.1
  • 37
    • 0028974901 scopus 로고
    • Where should nature reserves be located in South Africa? A snake's perspective
    • Lombard, A. T., A. O. Nicholls, and P. V. August. 1995. Where should nature reserves be located in South Africa? A snake's perspective. Conservation Biology 9:363-372.
    • (1995) Conservation Biology , vol.9 , pp. 363-372
    • Lombard, A.T.1    Nicholls, A.O.2    August, P.V.3
  • 38
    • 0034713427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It's time to work together and stop duplicating conservation efforts
    • Mace, G. M., et al. 2000. It's time to work together and stop duplicating conservation efforts. Nature 405:393.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.405 , pp. 393
    • Mace, G.M.1
  • 40
    • 0028069089 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity and agriculture
    • Margules, C. R., and K. J. Gaston. 1994. Biological diversity and agriculture. Science 265:457.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 457
    • Margules, C.R.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 41
    • 85012486218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of human population size in raising bird and mammal threat among nations
    • McKinney, M. L. 2001. Role of human population size in raising bird and mammal threat among nations. Animal Conservation 4:45-57.
    • (2001) Animal Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 45-57
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 42
    • 0036337975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why larger nations have disproportionate threat rates: Area increases endemism and human population size
    • McKinney, M. L. 2002. Why larger nations have disproportionate threat rates: area increases endemism and human population size. Biodiversity and Conservation 11:1317-1325.
    • (2002) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.11 , pp. 1317-1325
    • McKinney, M.L.1
  • 43
    • 0028579578 scopus 로고
    • Protected areas for the 21st century: Working to provide benefits to society
    • McNeely, J. A. 1994. Protected areas for the 21st century: working to provide benefits to society. Biodiversity and Conservation 3:390-405.
    • (1994) Biodiversity and Conservation , vol.3 , pp. 390-405
    • McNeely, J.A.1
  • 44
    • 0000958309 scopus 로고
    • Balancing species preservation and economic considerations
    • Morowitz, H. J. 1991. Balancing species preservation and economic considerations. Science 253:752-754.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 752-754
    • Morowitz, H.J.1
  • 45
    • 0034629414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can protected areas be expanded in Africa?
    • Musters, C. J. M., H. J. Degraaf, and W. J. Terkeurs. 2000. Can protected areas be expanded in Africa? Science 287: 1759-1760.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 1759-1760
    • Musters, C.J.M.1    Degraaf, H.J.2    Terkeurs, W.J.3
  • 47
    • 0030440445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insularization of Tanzanian parks and the local extinction of large mammals
    • Newmark, W. D. 1996. Insularization of Tanzanian parks and the local extinction of large mammals. Conservation Biology. 10:1549-1556.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.10 , pp. 1549-1556
    • Newmark, W.D.1
  • 49
    • 0004180352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA
    • Oates, J. F. 1999. Myth and reality in the rain forest. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.
    • (1999) Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest
    • Oates, J.F.1
  • 50
    • 0027849779 scopus 로고
    • Climate gradients in woody plant species richness: Towards an explanation based on an analysis of southern Africa's woody flora
    • O'Brien, E. M. 1993. Climate gradients in woody plant species richness: towards an explanation based on an analysis of southern Africa's woody flora. Journal of Biogeography 20:181-198.
    • (1993) Journal of Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 181-198
    • O'Brien, E.M.1
  • 51
    • 0032102589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability for survival in South Africa
    • O'Riordan, T. 1998. Sustainability for survival in South Africa. Global Environmental Change 8:99-108.
    • (1998) Global Environmental Change , vol.8 , pp. 99-108
    • O'Riordan, T.1
  • 52
    • 0036268916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reserve size, local human density, and mammalian extinctions in U.S. protected areas
    • Parks, S. A., and A. H. Harcourt. 2002. Reserve size, local human density, and mammalian extinctions in U.S. protected areas. Conservation Biology 16:800-808.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 800-808
    • Parks, S.A.1    Harcourt, A.H.2
  • 53
    • 0035929314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we defy nature's end?
    • Pimm, S. L., et al. 2001. Can we defy nature's end? Science 293:2207-2208.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2207-2208
    • Pimm, S.L.1
  • 55
    • 0003134063 scopus 로고
    • The empty forest
    • Redford, K. H. 1992. The empty forest. BioScience 42:412-422.
    • (1992) BioScience , vol.42 , pp. 412-422
    • Redford, K.H.1
  • 56
    • 0028069089 scopus 로고
    • Biological diversity and agriculture
    • Redford, K. H., and E. Dinerstein. 1994. Biological diversity and agriculture. Science 265:457-458.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 457-458
    • Redford, K.H.1    Dinerstein, E.2
  • 57
    • 0000625869 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing tables of statistical tests
    • Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 223-225
    • Rice, W.R.1
  • 59
    • 0033787929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexibility, efficiency, and accountability: Adapting reserve selection algorithms to more complex conservation problems
    • Rodrigues, A. S. L., J. O. Cerdeira, and K. J. Gaston. 2000a. Flexibility, efficiency, and accountability: adapting reserve selection algorithms to more complex conservation problems. Ecography 23:565-574.
    • (2000) Ecography , vol.23 , pp. 565-574
    • Rodrigues, A.S.L.1    Cerdeira, J.O.2    Gaston, K.J.3
  • 60
    • 0036206518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximising phylogenetic diversity in the selection of networks of conservation areas
    • Rodrigues, A. S. L., and K. J. Gaston. 2002a. Maximising phylogenetic diversity in the selection of networks of conservation areas. Biological Conservation 105:103-111.
    • (2002) Biological Conservation , vol.105 , pp. 103-111
    • Rodrigues, A.S.L.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 61
    • 0036272955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rarity and conservation planning across geopolitical units
    • Rodrigues, A. S. L., and K. J. Gaston. 2002b. Rarity and conservation planning across geopolitical units. Conservation Biology 16:674-682.
    • (2002) Conservation Biology , vol.16 , pp. 674-682
    • Rodrigues, A.S.L.1    Gaston, K.J.2
  • 62
    • 0034616512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using presence/absence data to establish reserve selection procedures that are robust to temporal species turnover
    • Rodrigues, A. S. L., K. J. Gaston, and R. D. Gregory. 2000b. Using presence/absence data to establish reserve selection procedures that are robust to temporal species turnover. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:1-6.
    • (2000) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.267 , pp. 1-6
    • Rodrigues, A.S.L.1    Gaston, K.J.2    Gregory, R.D.3
  • 64
    • 0001797629 scopus 로고
    • Insect conservation and extensive agriculture: The savanna of southern Africa
    • K. J. Gaston, T. R. New, and M. J. Samways, editors. Intercept, Andover, UK
    • Scholtz, C. H., and S. L. Chown. 1993. Insect conservation and extensive agriculture: the savanna of southern Africa. Pages 75-95 in K. J. Gaston, T. R. New, and M. J. Samways, editors. Perspectives on insect conservation. Intercept, Andover, UK.
    • (1993) Perspectives on Insect Conservation , pp. 75-95
    • Scholtz, C.H.1    Chown, S.L.2
  • 65
    • 0037039011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protected areas as biodiversity benchmarks for human impact: Agriculture and the Serengeti avifauna
    • Sinclair, A. R. E., S. A. R. Mduma, and P. Arcese. 2002. Protected areas as biodiversity benchmarks for human impact: agriculture and the Serengeti avifauna. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 269:2401-2405.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , vol.269 , pp. 2401-2405
    • Sinclair, A.R.E.1    Mduma, S.A.R.2    Arcese, P.3
  • 66
    • 0025919139 scopus 로고
    • Conservation: Tactics for a constant crisis
    • Soulé, M. E. 1991. Conservation: tactics for a constant crisis. Science 253:744-750.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 744-750
    • Soulé, M.E.1
  • 67
    • 0032571524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation targets: Do they help?
    • Soulé, M. E., and M. A. Sanjayan. 1998. Conservation targets: do they help? Science 279:2060-2061.
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 2060-2061
    • Soulé, M.E.1    Sanjayan, M.A.2
  • 68
    • 0003548934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report no. 03-01-30. Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
    • Statistics South Africa. 1996. Population Census 1996. Report no. 03-01-30. Statistics South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.
    • (1996) Population Census 1996
  • 69
    • 0004263462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Terborgh, J. 1999. Requiem for nature. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
    • (1999) Requiem for Nature
    • Terborgh, J.1
  • 70
    • 0033042701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human population density and prediction of local plant extinction in Britain
    • Thompson, K., and A. Jones. 1999. Human population density and prediction of local plant extinction in Britain. Conservation Biology 13:185-189.
    • (1999) Conservation Biology , vol.13 , pp. 185-189
    • Thompson, K.1    Jones, A.2
  • 71
    • 0029668316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The standard land-cover classification scheme for remote-sensing application in South Africa
    • Thompson, M. 1996. The standard land-cover classification scheme for remote-sensing application in South Africa. South African Journal of Science 92:34-42.
    • (1996) South African Journal of Science , vol.92 , pp. 34-42
    • Thompson, M.1
  • 74
    • 0036224649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Species richness, environmental correlates, and spatial scale; a test using South African birds
    • Van Rensburg, B. J., S. L. Chown, and K. J. Gaston. 2002. Species richness, environmental correlates, and spatial scale; a test using South African birds. American Naturalist 159:566-577.
    • (2002) American Naturalist , vol.159 , pp. 566-577
    • Van Rensburg, B.J.1    Chown, S.L.2    Gaston, K.J.3
  • 75
    • 0000337067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying priorities for the conservation of biodiversity: Systematic biological criteria within a socio-political framework
    • K. J. Gaston, editor. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK
    • Vane-Wright, R. I. 1996. Identifying priorities for the conservation of biodiversity: systematic biological criteria within a socio-political framework. Pages 309-344 in K. J. Gaston, editor. Biodiversity. A biology of numbers and difference. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.
    • (1996) Biodiversity. A Biology of Numbers and Difference , pp. 309-344
    • Vane-Wright, R.I.1
  • 76
    • 0032569041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas
    • Woodroffe, R., and J. R. Ginsberg. 1998. Edge effects and the extinction of populations inside protected areas. Science 280:2126-2128.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 2126-2128
    • Woodroffe, R.1    Ginsberg, J.R.2
  • 77
    • 0004632078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attacking poverty
    • Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA
    • World Development Report. 2000/2001. Attacking poverty. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.
    • (2000) World Development Report


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.