CNS vasculitis in children

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 162-171

  Twilt, Marinka ^a   Benseler, Susanne M ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Childhood; Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system; CNS vasculitis; cPACNS; Inflammatory brain disease; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; AMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; AZATHIOPRINE; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; COCAINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; MESNA; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISONE;

BRAIN BIOPSY; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; BRAIN VASCULITIS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHILD; CHILDHOOD PRIMARY ANGIITIS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DEMYELINATING DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; GRAY MATTER; HUMAN; LABORATORY TEST; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MALE; NEUROIMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; WHITE MATTER;

EID: 84876407426     PISSN: 22110348     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2012.11.002     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. R.I. Aviv, S.M. Benseler, E.D. Silverman, P.N. Tyrrell, G. DeVeber, and L.M. Tsang MR imaging and angiography of primary CNS vasculitis of childhood American Journal of Neuroradiology 27 2006 192 199
2. P.J. Andrews Critical care management of acute ischemic stroke Current Opinion in Critical Care 10 2004 110 115
3. R.I. Aviv, S.M. Benseler, G. DeVeber, E.D. Silverman, P.N. Tyrrell, and L.M. Tsang Angiography of primary central nervous system angiitis of childhood: conventional angiography versus magnetic resonance angiography at presentation American Journal of Neuroradiology 28 2007 9 15
4. S. Aoki, N. Hayashi, O. Abe, I. Shlrouzu, K. Ishlgame, and T. Okubo Radiation-induced arteritis: thickened wall with prominent enhancement on cranial MR images report of five cases and comparison with 18 cases of Moyamoya disease Radiology 223 2002 683 688
5. G. Alper, R. Heyman, and L. Wang Multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis diagnosed in children after long-term follow-up: comparison of presenting features Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 51 2009 480 486
6. G. Alper, and L. Wang Demyelinating optic neuritis in children Journal of Child Neurology 24 2009 45 48
7. K.P. Braun, M.M. Bulder, S. Chabrier, F.J. Kirkham, C.S. Uiterwaal, and M. Tardieu The course and outcome of unilateral intracranial arteriopathy in 79 children with ischemic stroke Brain 132 2009 544 557
8. T.M. Berger, J.H. Caduff, and J.O. Gebbers Fatal varicella-zoster virus antigen-positive giant cell arteritis of the central nervous system Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 19 2000 653 656
9. S.M. Benseler, E.D. Silverman, R.I. Aviv, R. Schneider, D. Armstrong, and P.N. Tyrrell Primary central nervous system vasculitis in children Arthritis and Rheumatism 54 2006 1291 1297
10. S.M. Benseler, G. DeVeber, C. Hawkins, R. Schneider, P.N. Tyrrell, and R.I. Aviv Angiography-negative primary central nervous system vasculitis in children: a newly recognized inflammatory central nervous system disease Arthritis and Rheumatism 52 2005 2159 2167
11. T.F. Barron, B.E. Ostrov, R.A. Zimmerman, and R.J. Packer Isolated angiitis of CNS: treatment with pulse cyclophosphamide Pediatric Neurology 9 1993 73 75
12. T.J. Bernard, M.J. Manco-Johnson, W. Lo, M.T. Mackay, V. Ganesan, and G. DeVeber Towards a consensus-based classification of childhood arterial ischemic stroke Stroke 43 2012 371 377
13. S.M. Begelman, and J.W. Olin Fibromuscular dysplasia Current Opinion in Rheumatology 12 2000 41 47
14. K.J. Bitter, L.G. Epstein, H. Melin-Aldana, J.G. Curran, and M.L. Miller Cyclophosphamide treatment of primary angiitis of the central nervous system in children: report of 2 cases Journal of Rheumatology 33 2006 2078 2080
15. B. Banwell, A. Bar-Or, D.L. Arnold, D. Sadovnick, S. Narayanan, and M. McGowan Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study Lancet Neurology 10 2011 436 445
16. B. Banwell, A. Ghezzi, A. Bar-Or, Y. Mikaeloff, and M. Tardieu Multiple sclerosis in children: clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and future directions Lancet Neurology 6 2007 887 902
17. C.G. Bien, and I.E. Scheffer Autoantibodies and epilepsy Epilepsia 52 Suppl 3 2011 18 22
18. B. Banwell, S. Tenembaum, V.A. Lennon, E. Ursell, J. Kennedy, and A. Bar-Or Neuromyelitis optica-IgG in childhood inflammatory demyelinating CNS disorders Neurology 70 2008 344 352
19. T. Cellucci, and S.M. Benseler Central nervous system vasculitis in children Current Opinion in Rheumatology 22 2010 590 597
20. L.H. Calabrese, and J.A. Mallek Primary angiitis of the central nervous system. Report of 8 new cases, review of the literature, and proposal for diagnostic criteria Medicine (Baltimore) 67 1988 20 39
21. H. Cravioto, and I. Feigin Noninfectious granulomatous angiitis with a predilection for the nervous system Neurology 9 1959 599 609
22. D.J. Callen, M.M. Schroff, H.M. Branson, T. Lotze, D.K. Li, and D. Stephens MRI in the diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis Neurology 72 2009 961 967
23. D.J. Callen, M.M. Shroff, H.M. Branson, T. Lotze, D.K. Li, and D. Stephens Role of MRI in the differentiation of ADEM from MS in children Neurology 72 2009 968 973
24. A.H. Cross, and P.T. Golumbek Neurologic manifestations of celiac disease: proven, or just a gut feeling? Neurology 60 2003 1566 1568
25. J. Dalmau, A.J. Gleichman, E.G. Hughes, J.E. Rossi, X. Peng, and M. Lai Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies Lancet neurology 7 2008 1091 1098
26. R.C. Dale, F. Brilot, and B. Banwell Pediatric central nervous system inflammatory demyelination: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndromes, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis Current Opinion in Neurology 22 2009 233 240
27. R.C. Dale, and S.C. Pillai Early relapse risk after a first CNS inflammatory demyelination episode: examining international consensus definitions Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 49 2007 887 893
28. S.K. de Oliveira PANDAS: a new disease? Journal de Pediatria (Rio J) 83 2007 201 208
29. J. Elbers, and S.M. Benseler Central nervous system vasculitis in children Current Opinion in Rheumatology 20 2008 47 54
30. J. Elbers, W. Halliday, C. Hawkins, C. Hutchinson, and S.M. Benseler Brain biopsy in children with primary small-vessel central nervous system vasculitis Annals of Neurology 68 2010 602 610
31. D. Eleftheriou, T. Cox, D. Saunders, N.J. Klein, P.A. Brogan, and V. Ganesan Investigation of childhood central nervous system vasculitis: magnetic resonance angiography versus catheter cerebral angiography Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 52 2010 863 867
32. H.J. Fullerton, Y.W. Wu, S. Sidney, and S.C. Johnston Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging Pediatrics 119 2007 495 501
33. E.L. Ford-Jones, D. MacGregor, S. Richardson, F. Jamieson, S. Blaser, and H. Artsob Acute childhood encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: Diagnosis and management Paediatrics and Child Health 3 1998 33 40
34. N.R. Florance, R.L. Davis, C. Lam, C. Szperka, L. Zhou, and S. Ahmad Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents Annals of Neurology 66 2009 11 18
35. V. Ganesan, M. Prengler, M.A. McShane, A.M. Wade, and F.J. Kirkham Investigation of risk factors in children with arterial ischemic stroke Annals of Neurology 53 2003 167 173
36. M.R. Golomb, H.J. Fullerton, U. Nowak-Gottl, and G. Deveber Male predominance in childhood ischemic stroke: findings from the international pediatric stroke study Stroke 40 2009 52 57
37. K.T. Gallagher, B. Shaham, A. Reiff, A. Tournay, J.P. Villablanca, and J. Curran Primary angiitis of the central nervous system in children: 5 cases The Journal of Rheumatology 28 2001 616 623
38. F. Graus, A. Saiz, and J. Dalmau Antibodies and neuronal autoimmune disorders of the CNS Journal of Neurology 257 2010 509 517
39. F. Graus, A. Boronat, X. Xifro, M. Boix, V. Svigelj, and A. Garcia The expanding clinical profile of anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis Neurology 74 2010 857 859
40. C. Hutchinson, J. Elbers, W. Halliday, H. Branson, S. Laughlin, and D. Armstrong Treatment of small vessel primary CNS vasculitis in children: an open-label cohort study Lancet Neurology 9 2010 1078 1084
41. D.M. Ibrahimi, R.J. Tamargo, and E.S. Ahn Moyamoya disease in children Child's Nervous System 26 2010 1297 1308
42. S.R. Irani, S. Alexander, P. Walters, K.A. Kleopa, P. Pettingill, and L. Zuliani Antibodies to Kv1 potassium channel-complex proteins leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 protein and contactin-associated protein-2 in limbic encephalitis, Morvan's syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia Brain 133 2010 2734 2748
43. W. Kuker, S. Gaertner, T. Nagele, C. Dopfer, M. Schoning, and J. Fiehler Vessel wall contrast enhancement: a diagnostic sign of cerebral vasculitis Cerebrovascular Diseases 26 2008 23 29
44. L.B. Krupp, B. Banwell, and S. Tenembaum Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders Neurology 68 2007 S7 S12
45. W. Liu, D. Morito, S. Takashima, Y. Mineharu, H. Kobayashi, and T. Hitomi Identification of RNF213 as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and its possible role in vascular development PLoS One 6 2011 e22542
46. J.T. Lie Primary (granulomatous) angiitis of the central nervous system: a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 new cases and a review of the literature Human Pathology 23 1992 164 171
47. S. Lanthier, A. Lortie, J. Michaud, R. Laxer, V. Jay, and G. DeVeber Isolated angiitis of the CNS in children Neurology 56 2001 837 842
48. Luca N., Daengsuwan T, Dalmau J, Jones K, DeVeber G, Kobayashi J, et al. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: A newly recognized inflammatory brain disease in children. Arthritis and Rheumatism (2011).
49. T.E. Lotze, J.L. Nothrop, G.J. Hutton, B. Ross, J.S. Schiffman, and JV. Hunter Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica Pediatrics 122 2008 e1039 e1047
50. D.G. Matsell, D.L. Keene, C. Jimenez, and P. Humphreys Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system in childhood Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 17 1990 151 154
51. D. Moshous, O. Feyen, P. Lankisch, K. Schwartz, J. Schaper, and M. Schneider Primary necrotizing lymphocytic central nervous system vasculitis due to perforin deficiency in a four-year-old girl Arthritis and Rheumatism 56 2007 995 999
52. U. Nowak-Gottl, G. Gunther, K. Kurnik, R. Strater, and F. Kirkham Arterial ischemic stroke in neonates, infants, and children: an overview of underlying conditions, imaging methods, and treatment modalities Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 29 2003 405 414
53. A. Neel, and C. Pagnoux Primary angiitis of the central nervous system Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 27 2009 S95 S107
54. H. Nishino, F.A. Rubino, R.A. DeRemee, J.W. Swanson, and J.E. Parisi Neurological involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis: an analysis of 324 consecutive patients at the Mayo Clinic Annals of Neurology 33 1993 4 9
55. S.E. Nadeau Neurologic manifestations of systemic vasculitis Neurologic Clinics 20 2002 123 150 vi
56. A.F. North Jr., C.W. Fink, W.M. Gibson, J.E. Levinson, S.L. Schuchter, and W.K. Howard Sarcoid arthritis in children American journal of Medicine 48 1970 449 455
57. R.F. Neuteboom, M. Boon, C.E. Catsman-Berrevoets, J.S. Vles, R.H. Gooskens, and H. Stroink Prognostic factors after a first attack of inflammatory CNS demyelination in children Neurology 71 2008 967 973
58. M.G. Pomper, T.J. Miller, J.H. Stone, W.C. Tidmore, and D.B. Hellmann CNS vasculitis in autoimmune disease: MR imaging findings and correlation with angiography American Journal of Neuroradiology 20 1999 75 85
59. D. Pohl, K. Rostasy, H. Reiber, and F. Hanefeld CSF characteristics in early-onset multiple sclerosis Neurology 63 2004 1966 1967
60. C.M. Rossi, and G. Di Comite The clinical spectrum of the neurological involvement in vasculitides Journal of the Neurological Sciences 285 2009 13 21
61. C.D. Rose, J.I. Arostergui, T.M. Martin, G. Espada, L. Scalzi, and J. Yague NOD2-associated pediatric granulomatous arthritis, an expanding phenotype: study of an international registry and a national cohort in Spain Arthritis and Rheumatism 60 2009 1797 1803
62. T. Rasmussen, and W. McCann Clinical studies of patients with focal epilepsy due to chronic encephalitis Transactions of the American Neurological Association 93 1968 89 94
63. T. Rasmussen, J. Olszewski, and D. Lloydsmith Focal seizures due to chronic localized encephalitis Neurology 8 1958 435 445
64. C. Salvarani, Jr R.D. Brown, K.T. Calamia, T.J.M. Christianson, S.D. Weigand, and D.V. Miller Primary central nervous system vasculitis: analysis of 101 patients Annals of Neurology 62 2007 442 451
65. G.S. Soon, I. Yau, H. Branson, G. DeVeber, S. Laughlin, and S.M. Benseler Non-progressive primary CNS vasculitis in children: immunosuppression reduces recurrent ischemic event risk Arthritis and Rheumatism 9 2008 S942
66. R.H. Swartz, S.S. Bhuta, R.I. Farb, R. Agid, R.A. Willinsky, and K.G. Terbrugge Intracranial arterial wall imaging using high-resolution 3-tesla contrast-enhanced MRI Neurology 72 2009 627 634
67. Singhal AB, Hajj-Ali RA, Topcuoglu MA, Fok J, Bena J, Yang D, et al. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes: Analysis of 139 Cases. Archives of Neurology (2011).
68. E.S. Sen, V. Leone, M. Abinun, R. Forsyth, V. Ramesh, and M. Friswell Treatment of primary angiitis of the central nervous system in childhood with mycophenolate mofetil Rheumatology (Oxford) 49 2010 806 811
69. R. Seror, A. Mahr, J. Ramanoelina, C. Pagnoux, P. Cohen, and L. Guillevin Central nervous system involvement in Wegener granulomatosis Medicine (Baltimore) 85 2006 54 65
70. F.D. Testai, and P.B. Gorelick Inherited metabolic disorders and stroke part 1: Fabry disease and mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes Archives of Neurology 67 2010 19 24
71. F.D. Testai, and P.B. Gorelick Inherited metabolic disorders and stroke part 2: homocystinuria, organic acidurias, and urea cycle disorders Archives of Neurology 67 2010 148 153
72. T. Thomas, H.M. Branson, L.H. Verhey, M.M. Shroff, D. Stephens, and S. Magalhaes The demographic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of transverse myelitis in children Journal of Child Neurology 27 2011 11 21
73. S. Venkateswaran, C. Hawkins, and E. Wassmer Diagnostic yield of brain biopsies in children presenting to neurology Journal of Child Neurology 23 2008 253 258
74. E.P. Vining, J.M. Freeman, J. Brandt, B.S. Carson, and S. Uematsu Progressive unilateral encephalopathy of childhood (Rasmussen's syndrome): a reappraisal Epilepsia 34 1993 639 650
75. E. von Scheven, C. Lee, and B.O. Berg Pediatric Wegener's granulomatosis complicated by central nervous system vasculitis Pediatric Neurology 19 1998 317 319
76. D.M. Wingerchuk, W.F. Hogancamp, P.C. O'Brien, and B.G. Weinshenker The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) Neurology 53 1999 1107 1114
77. D.M. Wingerchuk, S.J. Pittock, C.F. Lucchinetti, V.A. Lennon, and B.G. Weinshenker A secondary progressive clinical course is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica Neurology 68 2007 603 605
78. R. Yaari, I.A. Anselm, I.S. Szer, D.M. Malicki, M.P. Nespeca, and J.Y. Gleeson Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system: two biopsy-proven cases Journal of Pediatrics 145 2004 693 697