Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in childhood anxiety

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 552-564

  Hum, Kathryn M ^a   Manassis, Katharina ^b   Lewis, Marc D ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^c RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Childhood anxiety; emotion faces; emotion regulation; event related potentials

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; ANXIETY DISORDER; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN MAPPING; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EVOKED RESPONSE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; MALE; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

AFFECT; ANXIETY DISORDERS; AROUSAL; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; CHILD; COMORBIDITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE; EVOKED POTENTIALS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMANS; MALE; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 84876287297     PISSN: 00219630     EISSN: 14697610     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02609.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Aarts, K., &, Pourtois, G., (2010). Anxiety not only increases, but also alters early error-monitoring functions. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 479-492.
2. Achenbach, T. M,. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
3. Banaschewski, T., &, Brandeis, D., (2007). Annotation: what electrical brain activity tells us about brain function that other techniques cannot tell us-A child psychiatric perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 415-435.
4. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., &, Glickman, S., (2005). Attentional bias in anxiety: A behavioral and ERP study. Brain and Cognition, 59, 11-22.
5. Batty, M., &, Taylor, M. J., (2006). The development of emotional face processing during childhood. Developmental Science, 9, 207-220.
6. Bekker, E. M., Kenemans, J. L., &, Verbaten, M. N., (2005). Source analysis of the N2 in a cued Go/NoGo task. Brain Research. Cognitive Brain Research, 22, 221-231.
7. Bishop, S. J., (2007). Neurocognitive mechanisms of anxiety: An integrative account. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 307-316.
8. Blair, R. J., (2003). Facial expressions, their communicatory functions and neuro-cognitive substrates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 358, 561-572.
9. Bokura, H., Yamaguchi, S., &, Kobayashi, S., (2001). Electrophysiological correlates for response inhibition in a Go/NoGo task. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 2224-2232.
10. Breton, J. J., Bergeron, L., Valla, J. P., Berthiaume, C., Gaudet, N., Lambert, J.,. &, Lépine, S., (1999). Quebec child mental health survey: Prevalence of DSM-III-R mental health disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 375-384.
11. Canino, G., Shrout, P. E., Rubio-Stipec, M., Bird, H. R., Bravo, M., Ramirez, R.,. &, Martinez-Taboas, A., (2004). The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: Prevalence, correlates, service use, and the effects of impairment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 85-93.
12. Coles, M. G., Scheffers, M. K., &, Holroyd, C. B., (2001). Why is there an ERN/Ne on correct trials? Response representations, stimulus-related components, and the theory of error-processing Biological Psychology, 56, 173-189.
13. Compton, R. J., Carp, J., Chaddock, L., Fineman, S. L., Quandt, L. C., &, Ratliff, J. B., (2007). Anxiety and error monitoring: Increased error sensitivity or altered expectations? Brain and Cognition, 64, 247-256.
14. De Pauw, S. S., &, Mervielde, I., (2010). Temperament, personality and developmental psychopathology: A review based on the conceptual dimensions underlying childhood traits. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 313-329.
15. Dennis, T. A., (2010). Neurophysiological markers for child emotion regulation from the perspective of emotion-cognition integration: Current directions and future challenges. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35, 212-230.
16. Dennis, T. A., &, Chen, C. C., (2009). Trait anxiety and conflict monitoring following threat: An ERP study. Psychophysiology, 46, 122-131.
17. Donkers, F. C., &, van Boxtel, G. J., (2004). The N2 in go/no-go tasks reflects conflict monitoring not response inhibition. Brain and Cognition, 56, 165-176.
18. Eimer, M., &, Holmes, A., (2002). An ERP study on the time course of emotional face processing. Neuroreport, 13, 427-431.
19. Eldar, S., Yankelevitch, R., Lamy, D., &, Bar-Haim, Y., (2010). Enhanced neural reactivity and selective attention to threat in anxiety. Biological Psychology, 85, 252-257.
20. Endrass, T., Klawohn, J., Schuster, F., &, Kathmann, N., (2008). Overactive performance monitoring in obsessive-compulsive disorder: ERP evidence from correct and erroneous reactions. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1877-1887.
21. Falkenstein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., &, Blanke, L., (1991). Effects of crossmodal divided attention on late ERP components. II. Error processing in choice reaction tasks. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 78, 447-455.
22. Falkenstein, M., Hoormann, J., Christ, S., &, Hohnsbein, J., (2000). ERP components on reaction errors and their functional significance: A tutorial. Biological Psychology, 51, 87-107.
23. Folstein, J. R., &, Van Petten, C., (2008). Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: A review. Psychophysiology, 45, 152-170.
24. Ford, T., Goodman, R., &, Meltzer, H., (2003). The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The prevalence of DSM-IV disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 1203-1211.
25. Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., &, Donchin, E., (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4, 385-390.
26. Hajcak, G., McDonald, N., &, Simons, R. F., (2003a). Anxiety and error-related brain activity. Biological Psychology, 64, 77-90.
27. Hajcak, G., McDonald, N., &, Simons, R. F., (2003b). To err is autonomic: Error-related brain potentials, ANS activity, and post-error compensatory behavior. Psychophysiology, 40, 895-903.
28. Hewitt, P. L., Caelian, C. F., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Collins, L., &, Flynn, C. A., (2002). Perfectionism in children: Associations with depression, anxiety, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1049-1061.
29. Hillyard, S. A., Vogel, E. K., &, Luck, S. J., (1998). Sensory gain control (amplification) as a mechanism of selective attention: electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 353, 1257-1270.
30. Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Micco, J. A., Simoes, N. A., &, Henin, A., (2008). High risk studies and developmental antecedents of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics, 148C, 99-117.
31. Hoeksma, J. B., Oosterlaan, J., &, Schipper, E. M., (2004). Emotion regulation and the dynamics of feelings: A conceptual and methodological framework. Child Development, 75, 354-360.
32. Holmes, A., Nielsen, M. K., &, Green, S., (2008). Effects of anxiety on the processing of fearful and happy faces: An event-related potential study. Biological Psychology, 77, 159-173.
33. Hum, K. M., &, Lewis, M. D,. (in press). Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in children: Implications for normative development and emotion-related disorders. In, K. C. Barrett, N. A. Fox, G. A. Morgan, D. Fidler, &, L. Daunhauer, (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulatory processes in development: New directions and international perspectives. Taylor & Francis, Inc.
34. Kolassa, I. T., &, Miltner, W. H., (2006). Psychophysiological correlates of face processing in social phobia. Brain Research, 1118, 130-141.
35. Kovacs, M,. (1992). Children's depression inventory (CDI). New York: Multi-health Systems, Inc.
36. Ladouceur, C. D., Dahl, R. E., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D. A., &, Ryan, N. D., (2006). Increased error-related negativity (ERN) in childhood anxiety disorders: ERP and source localization. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1073-1082.
37. Ladouceur, C. D., Dahl, R. E., Williamson, D. E., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D. A., Ryan, N. D., &, Casey, B. J., (2006). Processing emotional facial expressions influences performance on a Go/NoGo task in pediatric anxiety and depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1107-1115.
38. Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., &, Andrews, J. A., (1993). Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III-R disorders in high school students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, 133-144.
39. Lewis, M. D., Lamm, C., Segalowitz, S. J., Zelazo, P. D., &, Stieben, J., (2006). Neurophysiological correlates of emotion regulation in children and adolescents. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 430-443.
40. March, J,. (1998). Multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC). Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
41. McDermott, J. M., Perez-Edgar, K., Henderson, H. A., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Pine, D. S., &, Fox, N. A., (2009). A history of childhood behavioral inhibition and enhanced response monitoring in adolescence are linked to clinical anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 445-448.
42. Meyer, A., Weinberg, A., Klein, D. N., &, Hajcak, G., (2012). The development of the error-related negativity (ERN) and its relationship with anxiety: Evidence from 8 to 13 year-olds. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 152-161.
43. Mohlman, J., Carmin, C. N., &, Price, R. B., (2007). Jumping to interpretations: Social anxiety disorder and the identification of emotional facial expressions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 591-599.
44. Mueller, E. M., Hofmann, S. G., Santesso, D. L., Meuret, A. E., Bitran, S., &, Pizzagalli, D. A., (2009). Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1141-1152.
45. Muhlberger, A., Wieser, M. J., Herrmann, M. J., Weyers, P., Troger, C., &, Pauli, P., (2009). Early cortical processing of natural and artificial emotional faces differs between lower and higher socially anxious persons. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 735-746.
46. Nieuwenhuis, S., Yeung, N., van den Wildenberg, W., &, Ridderinkhof, K. R., (2003). Electrophysiological correlates of anterior cingulate function in a go/no-go task: Effects of response conflict and trial type frequency. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 17-26.
47. Ohman, A., (2002). Automaticity and the amygdala: Nonconscious responses to emotional faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 62-66.
48. Ohman, A., (2009). Of snakes and faces: An evolutionary perspective on the psychology of fear. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50, 543-552.
49. Olvet, D. M., &, Hajcak, G., (2008). The error-related negativity (ERN) and psychopathology: Toward an endophenotype. Clin Psychol Rev, 28, 1343-1354.
50. Pérez-Edgar, K., Bar-Haim, Y., McDermott, J. M., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Pine, D. S., &, Fox, N. A., (2010). Attention biases to threat and behavioral inhibition in early childhood shape adolescent social withdrawal. Emotion, 10, 349-357.
51. Pine, D. S., Helfinstein, S. M., Bar-Haim, Y., Nelson, E., &, Fox, N. A., (2009). Challenges in developing novel treatments for childhood disorders: Lessons from research on anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34, 213-228.
52. Righi, S., Mecacci, L., &, Viggiano, M. P., (2009). Anxiety, cognitive self-evaluation and performance: ERP correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1132-1138.
53. Rousselet, G. A., Husk, J. S., Bennett, P. J., &, Sekuler, A. B,. (2008). Time course and robustness of ERP object and face differences. Journal of Vision, 8, 3 1-18.
54. Roy, A. K., Vasa, R. A., Bruck, M., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Sweeney, M.,. &, Pine, D. S, (2008). Attention bias toward threat in pediatric anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 1189-1196.
55. Santesso, D. L., Segalowitz, S. J., &, Schmidt, L. A., (2006). Error-related electrocortical responses are enhanced in children with obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Developmental Neuropsychology, 29, 431-445.
56. Sehlmeyer, C., Konrad, C., Zwitserlood, P., Arolt, V., Falkenstein, M., &, Beste, C., (2010). ERP indices for response inhibition are related to anxiety-related personality traits. Neuropsychologia, 48, 2488-2495.
57. Silverman, W.K., &, Albano, A. M,. (1996). The Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV-Child and parent versions. San Antonio, TX: Graywind Publications, A Division of The Psychological Corporation.
58. Spielberger, C. D,. (1973). The state-trait anxiety inventory for children (STAIC). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
59. Stieben, J., Lewis, M. D., Granic, I., Zelazo, P. D., &, Segalowitz, S. J., (2007). Neurophysiological mechanisms of emotion regulation for subtypes of externalizing children. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 455-480.
60. Thompson, R. A., (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
61. Todd, R. M., Lewis, M. D., Meusel, L. A., &, Zelazo, P. D., (2008). The time course of social-emotional processing in early childhood: ERP responses to facial affect and personal familiarity in a Go-Nogo task. Neuropsychologia, 46, 595-613.
62. Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., &, Casey, B. J., (2011). Behavioral assessment of emotion discrimination, emotion regulation, and cognitive control in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 39.
63. Tottenham, N., Tanaka, J. W., Leon, A. C., McCarry, T., Nurse, M., Hare, T. A.,. &, Nelson, C., (2009). The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants. Psychiatry Research, 168, 242-249.
64. van Veen, V., &, Carter, C. S., (2002). The anterior cingulate as a conflict monitor: fMRI and ERP studies. Physiology & Behavior, 77, 477-482.
65. Vlamings, P. H., Goffaux, V., &, Kemner, C,. (2009). Is the early modulation of brain activity by fearful facial expressions primarily mediated by coarse low spatial frequency information? Journal of Vision, 9, 12 11-13.
66. Waters, A. M., Henry, J., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., &, Pine, D. S., (2010). Attentional bias towards angry faces in childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 158-164.
67. Waters, A. M., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., &, Pine, D. S., (2008). Attentional bias for emotional faces in children with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 435-442.
68. Waters, A. M., &, Valvoi, J. S., (2009). Attentional bias for emotional faces in paediatric anxiety disorders: An investigation using the emotional Go/No Go task. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 306-316.
69. Weems, C. F., Costa, N. M., Watts, S. E., Taylor, L. K., &, Cannon, M. F., (2007). Cognitive errors, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety control beliefs: Their unique and specific associations with childhood anxiety symptoms. Behavior Modification, 31, 174-201.
70. White, L. K., Suway, J. G., Pine, D. S., Bar-Haim, Y., &, Fox, N. A., (2011). Cascading effects: The influence of attention bias to threat on the interpretation of ambiguous information. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 244-251.
71. Yoon, K. L., &, Zinbarg, R. E., (2008). Interpreting neutral faces as threatening is a default mode for socially anxious individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 680-685.