메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 229-252

Recarbonization of the humid tropics

Author keywords

Agroforestry; Anthropogenic carbon emissions; Biomass carbon; Carbon fluxes; Carbon pool; Carbon pools; Carbon sequestration; Carbon sequestration potential; Carbon sink capacity; CO2 fertilization; Deforestation; Degraded lands; Extractive industry; Fires; Global carbon cycle; Humid tropics; Land use change; Logging; Management interventions; Missing terrestrial sink; Mitigation; Pedologic pool; Plantation; REDD; Reduced impact logging; Restoration plantings; Sink for atmospheric carbon; Tropical humid forest

Indexed keywords


EID: 84876108024     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4159-1_11     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (3)

References (153)
  • 1
    • 4844228777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved estimates of net c emissions from land cover change in the tropics for the 1990s
    • Achard F, Eva HD, Mayaux P et al (2004) Improved estimates of net C emissions from land cover change in the tropics for the 1990s. Glob Biogeochem Cycle 18(2):GB2008
    • (2004) Glob Biogeochem Cycle , vol.18 , Issue.2
    • Achard, F.1    Eva, H.D.2    Mayaux, P.3
  • 2
    • 0142027730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems
    • Albrecht A, Kandji ST (2003) C sequestration in tropical agroforestry systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 99:15–27
    • (2003) Agric Ecosyst Environ , vol.99 , pp. 15-27
    • Albrecht, A.1    Kandji, S.T.2
  • 3
    • 70449729453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forest c assessment: Integrating satellite and airborne mapping approaches
    • Asner GP (2009) Tropical forest C assessment: integrating satellite and airborne mapping approaches. Environ Res Lett 4:034009
    • (2009) Environ Res Lett , vol.4
    • Asner, G.P.1
  • 4
    • 27144556941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective logging in the brazilian amazon
    • Asner GP, Knapp DE, Broadbent EN et al (2005) Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon. Science 310:480–482
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 480-482
    • Asner, G.P.1    Knapp, D.E.2    Broadbent, E.N.3
  • 5
    • 70450253295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A contemporary assessment of change in humid tropical forests
    • Asner GP, Rudel TK, Aide TM et al (2009) A contemporary assessment of change in humid tropical forests. Conserv Biol 23:1386–1395
    • (2009) Conserv Biol , vol.23 , pp. 1386-1395
    • Asner, G.P.1    Rudel, T.K.2    Aide, T.M.3
  • 6
    • 77958089010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of climate and land-use change on the future of humid tropical forests
    • Asner GP, Loarie SR, Heyder U (2010) Combined effects of climate and land-use change on the future of humid tropical forests. Conserv Lett 3:395–403
    • (2010) Conserv Lett , vol.3 , pp. 395-403
    • Asner, G.P.1    Loarie, S.R.2    Heyder, U.3
  • 7
    • 0030619308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental comparison of different harvesting intensities with reduced-impact and conventional logging in east kalimantan
    • Bertault J-G, Sist P (1997) An experimental comparison of different harvesting intensities with reduced-impact and conventional logging in East Kalimantan. Indonesia For Ecol Manage 94:209–218
    • (1997) Indonesia for Ecol Manage , vol.94 , pp. 209-218
    • Bertault, J.-G.1    Sist, P.2
  • 8
    • 43049091931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agroforestry: A refuge for tropical biodiversity
    • Bhagwat SA, Willis KJ, Birks HJB et al (2008) Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity- Trends Ecol Evol 23:261–267
    • (2008) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 261-267
    • Bhagwat, S.A.1    Willis, K.J.2    Birks, H.3
  • 9
    • 45849092625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests
    • Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320:1444–1449
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 10
    • 0036171708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of land cover conversion on surface climate
    • Bounoua L, DeFries R, Collatz GJ et al (2002) Effects of land cover conversion on surface climate. Clim Chang 52:29–64
    • (2002) Clim Chang , vol.52 , pp. 29-64
    • Bounoua, L.1    DeFries, R.2    Collatz, G.J.3
  • 12
    • 35348912134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world
    • Bradshaw CJA, Sodhi NS, Peh KSH (2007) Global evidence that deforestation amplifies flood risk and severity in the developing world. Glob Chang Biol 13:2379–2395
    • (2007) Glob Chang Biol , vol.13 , pp. 2379-2395
    • Bradshaw, C.1    Sodhi, N.S.2    Peh, K.3
  • 13
    • 78649759134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does plantation forestry restore biodiversity or create green deserts- a synthesis of the effects of land-use transitions on plant species richness
    • Bremer LL, Farley KA (2010) Does plantation forestry restore biodiversity or create green deserts- A synthesis of the effects of land-use transitions on plant species richness. Biodiv Conserv 19:3893–3915
    • (2010) Biodiv Conserv , vol.19 , pp. 3893-3915
    • Bremer, L.L.1    Farley, K.A.2
  • 15
    • 0002747304 scopus 로고
    • Above ground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the brazilian amazon
    • Brown S, Lugo AE (1992) Above ground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon. Interciencia 17:8–18
    • (1992) Interciencia , vol.17 , pp. 8-18
    • Brown, S.1    Lugo, A.E.2
  • 16
    • 0028599501 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation of tropical lands: A key to sustaining development
    • Brown S, Lugo AE (1994) Rehabilitation of tropical lands: a key to sustaining development. Restor Ecol 2:97–111
    • (1994) Restor Ecol , vol.2 , pp. 97-111
    • Brown, S.1    Lugo, A.E.2
  • 17
    • 0022843670 scopus 로고
    • Biomass of tropical tree plantations and its implications for the global c budget
    • Brown S, Lugo AE, Chapman J (1986) Biomass of tropical tree plantations and its implications for the global C budget. Can J For Res 16:390–394
    • (1986) Can J for Res , vol.16 , pp. 390-394
    • Brown, S.1    Lugo, A.E.2    Chapman, J.3
  • 18
    • 4043097009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest restoration and fire: Principles in the context of place restauración de bosques y fuego—principios en el contexto del sitio
    • Brown RT, Agee JK, Franklin JF (2004) Forest restoration and fire: principles in the context of place Restauración de Bosques y Fuego—principios en el contexto del sitio. Conserv Biol 1:903–912
    • (2004) Conserv Biol , vol.1 , pp. 903-912
    • Brown, R.T.1    Agee, J.K.2    Franklin, J.F.3
  • 19
    • 77955376904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification
    • Burney JA, Davis SJ, Lobell DB (2010) Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:12052–12057
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 12052-12057
    • Burney, J.A.1    Davis, S.J.2    Lobell, D.B.3
  • 20
    • 27144449901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transaction and abatement costs of carbon-sink projects in developing countries
    • Cacho OJ, Marshall GR, Milne M (2005) Transaction and abatement costs of carbon-sink projects in developing countries. Environ Dev Econ 10:597–614
    • (2005) Environ Dev Econ , vol.10 , pp. 597-614
    • Cacho, O.J.1    Marshall, G.R.2    Milne, M.3
  • 21
    • 0043269866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forest recovery: Legacies of human impact and natural disturbances
    • Chazdon RL (2003) Tropical forest recovery: legacies of human impact and natural disturbances. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 6:51–71
    • (2003) Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst , vol.6 , pp. 51-71
    • Chazdon, R.L.1
  • 22
    • 45849103567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond deforestation: Restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands
    • Chazdon RL (2008) Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science 320:1458–1460
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1458-1460
    • Chazdon, R.L.1
  • 23
    • 61549121006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond reserves: A research agenda for conserving biodiversity in human-modified tropical landscapes
    • Chazdon RL, Harvey CA, Komar O et al (2009) Beyond reserves: a research agenda for conserving biodiversity in human-modified tropical landscapes. Biotropica 41:142–153
    • (2009) Biotropica , vol.41 , pp. 142-153
    • Chazdon, R.L.1    Harvey, C.A.2    Komar, O.3
  • 24
    • 0036349748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baseline, leakage and measurement issues: How do forestry and energy projects compare
    • Chomitz KM (2002) Baseline, leakage and measurement issues: how do forestry and energy projects compare- Clim Policy 2:35–49
    • (2002) Clim Policy , vol.2 , pp. 35-49
    • Chomitz, K.M.1
  • 25
    • 44049086936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • At loggerheads- agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests
    • Kenneth M. Chomitz et al (eds), vol. World Bank, Washington, DC. Accessed from
    • Chomitz KM (2007) At loggerheads- agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests. In: Kenneth M. Chomitz et al (eds) World Bank policy research report, vol. World Bank, Washington, DC. Accessed from http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn3912783
    • (2007) World Bank Policy Research Report
    • Chomitz, K.M.1
  • 26
    • 1642274794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources or sinks- the responses of tropical forests to current and future climate and atmospheric composition
    • Clark DA (2004) Sources or sinks- The responses of tropical forests to current and future climate and atmospheric composition. Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci 359:477–491
    • (2004) Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci , vol.359 , pp. 477-491
    • Clark, D.A.1
  • 27
    • 38849166764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What’s new about old fields- land abandonment and ecosystem assembly
    • Cramer VA, Hobbs RJ, Standish RJ (2008) What’s new about old fields- Land abandonment and ecosystem assembly. Trends Ecol Evol 23:104–112
    • (2008) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 104-112
    • Cramer, V.A.1    Hobbs, R.J.2    Standish, R.J.3
  • 28
    • 0033530811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of silvicultural treatment on growth and mortality of rainforest in surinam over long periods
    • de Graaf NR, Poels RLH, Van Rompaey RSAR (1999) Effect of silvicultural treatment on growth and mortality of rainforest in Surinam over long periods. For Ecol Manage 124:123–135
    • (1999) For Ecol Manage , vol.124 , pp. 123-135
    • De Graaf, N.R.1    Poels, R.2    Van Rompaey, R.3
  • 30
    • 0036094052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human modification of the landscape and surface climate in the next fifty years
    • Defries RS, Bounoua L, Collatz GJ (2002) Human modification of the landscape and surface climate in the next fifty years. Glob Chang Biol 8:438–458
    • (2002) Glob Chang Biol , vol.8 , pp. 438-458
    • Defries, R.S.1    Bounoua, L.2    Collatz, G.J.3
  • 31
    • 0028182111 scopus 로고
    • C pool and flux of global forest ecosystem
    • Dixon RK, Brown S, Houghton RA et al (1994) C Pool and flux of global forest ecosystem. Science 263:185–190
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 185-190
    • Dixon, R.K.1    Brown, S.2    Houghton, R.A.3
  • 32
    • 0346432529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserving tropical nature: Current challenges for ecologists
    • du Toit JT, Walker BH, Campbell BM (2004) Conserving tropical nature: current challenges for ecologists. Trends Ecol Evol 19:12–17
    • (2004) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.19 , pp. 12-17
    • Du Toit, J.T.1    Walker, B.H.2    Campbell, B.M.3
  • 33
    • 41649115384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating c finance through avoided deforestation and its potential to create climatic, conservation and human development benefits
    • Ebeling J, Yasué M (2008) Generating C finance through avoided deforestation and its potential to create climatic, conservation and human development benefits. Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci 363:1917–1924
    • (2008) Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci , vol.363 , pp. 1917-1924
    • Ebeling, J.1    Yasué, M.2
  • 34
    • 78049355102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting degraded rainforests: Enhancement of forest c stocks under redd+
    • Edwards DP, Fisher B, Boyd E (2010) Protecting degraded rainforests: enhancement of forest C stocks under REDD+. Conserv Lett 3:313–316
    • (2010) Conserv Lett , vol.3 , pp. 313-316
    • Edwards, D.P.1    Fisher, B.2    Boyd, E.3
  • 35
    • 0041570193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing inter- and intra-specific variation in trunk c concentration for 32 neotropical tree species
    • Elias M, Potvin C (2003) Assessing inter- and intra-specific variation in trunk C concentration for 32 neotropical tree species. Can J For Res 33:1039–1045
    • (2003) Can J for Res , vol.33 , pp. 1039-1045
    • Elias, M.1    Potvin, C.2
  • 37
    • 40049105413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of reserve effectiveness are confounded by leakage
    • Ewers RM, Rodrigues ASL (2008) Estimates of reserve effectiveness are confounded by leakage. Trends Ecol Evol 23:113–116
    • (2008) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.23 , pp. 113-116
    • Ewers, R.M.1    Rodrigues, A.2
  • 41
    • 0033934331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming and tropical land-use change: Greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, decomposition and soils in forest conversion, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation
    • Fearnside PM (2000) Global warming and tropical land-use change: greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, decomposition and soils in forest conversion, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation. Clim Chang 46:115–158
    • (2000) Clim Chang , vol.46 , pp. 115-158
    • Fearnside, P.M.1
  • 42
    • 0002532041 scopus 로고
    • On biomass and trophic structure of central amazonian rain forest ecosystems
    • Fittkau EJ, Klinge H (1973) On biomass and trophic structure of central Amazonian rain forest ecosystems. Biotropica 5:2–14
    • (1973) Biotropica , vol.5 , pp. 2-14
    • Fittkau, E.J.1    Klinge, H.2
  • 43
    • 51249168790 scopus 로고
    • The contributions of mycorrhizal fungi to the determination of plant community structure
    • Francis R, Read D (1994) The contributions of mycorrhizal fungi to the determination of plant community structure. Plant Soil 159:11–25
    • (1994) Plant Soil , vol.159 , pp. 11-25
    • Francis, R.1    Read, D.2
  • 44
    • 0030417996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The imperatta grasslands of tropical asia: Area, distribution, and typology
    • Garrity D, Soekardi M, van Noordwijk M et al (1996) The imperatta grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology. Agrofor Syst 3:3–29
    • (1996) Agrofor Syst , vol.3 , pp. 3-29
    • Garrity, D.1    Soekardi, M.2    Van Noordwijk, M.3
  • 45
    • 37648999681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring and estimating tropical forest c stocks: Making redd a reality
    • Gibbs HK, Brown S, Niles JO (2007) Monitoring and estimating tropical forest C stocks: making REDD a reality. Environ Res Lett 2:1748–9326
    • (2007) Environ Res Lett , vol.2 , pp. 1748-9326
    • Gibbs, H.K.1    Brown, S.2    Niles, J.O.3
  • 46
    • 78049273228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s
    • Gibbs HK, Ruesch AS, Achard F (2010) Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:16732–16737
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 16732-16737
    • Gibbs, H.K.1    Ruesch, A.S.2    Achard, F.3
  • 48
    • 67650667541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a new global forest science
    • Grainger A (2009) Towards a new global forest science. Int For Rev 11:126–133
    • (2009) Int for Rev , vol.11 , pp. 126-133
    • Grainger, A.1
  • 49
    • 78650520913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can native tree species plantations in panama compete with teak plantations- an economic estimation
    • Griess VC, Knoke T (2011) Can native tree species plantations in Panama compete with Teak plantations- An economic estimation. New For 41:13–39
    • (2011) New For , vol.41 , pp. 13-39
    • Griess, V.C.1    Knoke, T.2
  • 51
    • 70350524976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of amounts and distribution of tropical forest c credits depending on baseline rules
    • Griscom B, Shoch D, Stanley B et al (2009) Sensitivity of amounts and distribution of tropical forest C credits depending on baseline rules. Environ Sci Policy 12:897–911
    • (2009) Environ Sci Policy , vol.12 , pp. 897-911
    • Griscom, B.1    Shoch, D.2    Stanley, B.3
  • 53
    • 77950651272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting pan-tropical climate change induced forest stock gains and losses—implications for redd
    • Gumpenberger M et al (2010) Predicting pan-tropical climate change induced forest stock gains and losses—implications for REDD. Environ Res Let 5:014013
    • (2010) Environ Res Let , vol.5
    • Gumpenberger, M.1
  • 54
    • 0036242973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil c stocks and land use change: A meta analysis
    • Guo LB, Gifford RM (2002) Soil C stocks and land use change: a meta analysis. Glob Chang Biol 8:345–360
    • (2002) Glob Chang Biol , vol.8 , pp. 345-360
    • Guo, L.B.1    Gifford, R.M.2
  • 55
    • 48249153413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data
    • Hansen MC, Stehman SV, Potapov PV et al (2008) Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:9439–9444
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , pp. 9439-9444
    • Hansen, M.C.1    Stehman, S.V.2    Potapov, P.V.3
  • 56
    • 77955126382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The climatic sensitivity of the forest, savanna and forest–savanna transition in tropical south america
    • Hirota M, Nobre C, Oyama MD et al (2010) The climatic sensitivity of the forest, savanna and forest–savanna transition in tropical South America. New Phytol 187:707–719
    • (2010) New Phytol , vol.187 , pp. 707-719
    • Hirota, M.1    Nobre, C.2    Oyama, M.D.3
  • 57
    • 20844459799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aboveground forest biomass and the global c balance
    • Houghton RA (2005) Aboveground forest biomass and the global C balance. Glob Chang Biol 11:945–958
    • (2005) Glob Chang Biol , vol.11 , pp. 945-958
    • Houghton, R.A.1
  • 58
    • 0034688257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annual fluxes of c from deforestation and regrowth in the brazilian amazon
    • Houghton RA, Skole DL, Nobre CA et al (2000) Annual fluxes of C from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. Nature 403:301–304
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 301-304
    • Houghton, R.A.1    Skole, D.L.2    Nobre, C.A.3
  • 60
    • 0033856189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem-scale impacts of deforestation and land use in a humid tropical region of mexico
    • Hughes RF, Kauffman JB, Jaramillo VJ (2000) Ecosystem-scale impacts of deforestation and land use in a humid tropical region of Mexico. Ecol Appl 10:515–527
    • (2000) Ecol Appl , vol.10 , pp. 515-527
    • Hughes, R.F.1    Kauffman, J.B.2    Jaramillo, V.J.3
  • 61
    • 68149129743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of net primary production: Resolving the paradox
    • Huston MA, Wolverton S (2009) The global distribution of net primary production: resolving the paradox. Ecol Monogr 79:343–377
    • (2009) Ecol Monogr , vol.79 , pp. 343-377
    • Huston, M.A.1    Wolverton, S.2
  • 63
    • 0043272180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vertical distribution of soil organic c and its relation to climate and vegetation
    • Jobbágy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic C and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10:423–436
    • (2000) Ecol Appl , vol.10 , pp. 423-436
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 65
    • 77955070731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon stocks in above-ground biomass of monoculture plantations, mixed species plantations and environmental restoration plantings in north-east australia
    • Kanowski J, Catterall C (2010) Carbon stocks in above-ground biomass of monoculture plantations, mixed species plantations and environmental restoration plantings in north-east Australia. Ecol Manage Restor 11:119
    • (2010) Ecol Manage Restor , vol.11
    • Kanowski, J.1    Catterall, C.2
  • 66
    • 68149131543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C pool and biomass dynamics associated with deforestation, land use, and agricultural abandonment in the neotropics
    • Kauffman JB, Hughes RF, Heider C (2009) C pool and biomass dynamics associated with deforestation, land use, and agricultural abandonment in the neotropics. Ecol Appl 1:1211–1222
    • (2009) Ecol Appl , vol.1 , pp. 1211-1222
    • Kauffman, J.B.1    Hughes, R.F.2    Heider, C.3
  • 67
    • 70349092651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment planting as a silvicultural option in the eastern amazon: Case study of fazenda cauaxi
    • Keefe K, Schulze MD, Pinheiro C et al (2009) Enrichment planting as a silvicultural option in the eastern Amazon: case study of Fazenda Cauaxi. For Ecol Manage 258:1950–1959
    • (2009) For Ecol Manage , vol.258 , pp. 1950-1959
    • Keefe, K.1    Schulze, M.D.2    Pinheiro, C.3
  • 68
    • 67650872995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of forest biomass c stocks and lessons from the world’s most carbon-dense forests
    • Keith H, Mackey BG, Lindenmayer DB (2009) Re-evaluation of forest biomass C stocks and lessons from the world’s most carbon-dense forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:11635–11640
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 11635-11640
    • Keith, H.1    Mackey, B.G.2    Lindenmayer, D.B.3
  • 70
    • 0030613275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gap liberation on the performance and growth of dipterocarp trees in a logged-over rainforest
    • Kuusipalo J, Hadengganan S, Ådjers G et al (1997) Effect of gap liberation on the performance and growth of dipterocarp trees in a logged-over rainforest. For Ecol Manage 92:209–219
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.92 , pp. 209-219
    • Kuusipalo, J.1    Hadengganan, S.2    Ådjers, G.3
  • 71
    • 74049129963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation: A meta-analysis
    • Laganière J, Angers DA, Paré D (2010) Carbon accumulation in agricultural soils after afforestation: a meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 16:439–453
    • (2010) Glob Chang Biol , vol.16 , pp. 439-453
    • Laganière, J.1    Angers, D.A.2    Paré, D.3
  • 73
    • 77957958203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security
    • Lal R (2010) Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security. Bioscience 60:708–721
    • (2010) Bioscience , vol.60 , pp. 708-721
    • Lal, R.1
  • 74
    • 0032418204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale ecological restoration of degraded tropical forest lands: The potential role of timber plantations
    • Lamb D (1998) Large-scale ecological restoration of degraded tropical forest lands: the potential role of timber plantations. Restor Ecol 6:271–279
    • (1998) Restor Ecol , vol.6 , pp. 271-279
    • Lamb, D.1
  • 76
    • 28844454591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes
    • Lamb D, Erskine PD, Parrotta JA (2005) Restoration of degraded tropical forest landscapes. Science 310:1628–1632
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 1628-1632
    • Lamb, D.1    Erskine, P.D.2    Parrotta, J.A.3
  • 77
    • 18244386525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The causes of land-use and land-cover change: Moving beyond the myths
    • Lambin EF, Turner BL, Geist HJ et al (2001) The causes of land-use and land-cover change: moving beyond the myths. Glob Environ Chang 11:261–269
    • (2001) Glob Environ Chang , vol.11 , pp. 261-269
    • Lambin, E.F.1    Turner, B.L.2    Geist, H.J.3
  • 78
    • 33846043527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new initiative to use c trading for tropical forest conservation
    • Laurance WF (2007) A new initiative to use C trading for tropical forest conservation. Biotropica 39:20–24
    • (2007) Biotropica , vol.39 , pp. 20-24
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 79
    • 43749094766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can c trading save vanishing forests
    • Laurance WF (2008) Can C trading save vanishing forests- Bioscience 58:286–287
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 286-287
    • Laurance, W.F.1
  • 80
    • 0035679797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the amazon. Retroalimentaciones positivas entre fragmentación de bosques, sequía y cambio climático en el amazonas
    • Laurance WF, Williamson GB (2001) Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon. Retroalimentaciones positivas entre fragmentación de bosques, sequía y cambio climático en el Amazonas. Conserv Biol 15:1529–1535
    • (2001) Conserv Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1529-1535
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Williamson, G.B.2
  • 81
    • 0030686554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass collapse in amazonian forest fragments
    • Laurance WF, Laurance SG, Ferreira LV et al (1997) Biomass collapse in Amazonian forest fragments. Science 278:1117–1118
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1117-1118
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Laurance, S.G.2    Ferreira, L.V.3
  • 83
    • 71249124084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in the sources and sinks of c dioxide
    • Le Quere C, Raupach MR, Canadell JG et al (2009) Trends in the sources and sinks of C dioxide. Nat Geosci 2:831–836
    • (2009) Nat Geosci , vol.2 , pp. 831-836
    • Le Quere, C.1    Raupach, M.R.2    Canadell, J.G.3
  • 84
    • 33646120677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forests and the changing earth system
    • Lewis SL (2006) Tropical forests and the changing earth system. Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci 361:195–210
    • (2006) Philios Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci , vol.361 , pp. 195-210
    • Lewis, S.L.1
  • 85
    • 60549108186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing c storage in intact african tropical forests
    • Lewis SL, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Sonke B et al (2009) Increasing C storage in intact African tropical forests. Nature 457:1003–1006
    • (2009) Nature , vol.457 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Lewis, S.L.1    Lopez-Gonzalez, G.2    Sonke, B.3
  • 86
    • 77956289551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecosystem c stock influenced by plantation practice: Implications for planting forests as a measure of climate change mitigation
    • Liao CZ, Luo YQ, Fang CM et al (2010) Ecosystem C stock influenced by plantation practice: implications for planting forests as a measure of climate change mitigation. PLoS One 5(5). doi: e10867 10.1371/journal.pone.0010867
    • (2010) Plos One , vol.5 , Issue.5
    • Liao, C.Z.1    Luo, Y.Q.2    Fang, C.M.3
  • 87
    • 51649124893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Old-growth forests as global c sinks
    • Luyssaert S, Schulze ED, Borner A et al (2008) Old-growth forests as global C sinks. Nature 455:213–215
    • (2008) Nature , vol.455 , pp. 213-215
    • Luyssaert, S.1    Schulze, E.D.2    Borner, A.3
  • 88
    • 6344231688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—biology, ecology, and management
    • MacDonald GE (2004) Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)—biology, ecology, and management. Crit Rev Plant Sci 23:367–380
    • (2004) Crit Rev Plant Sci , vol.23 , pp. 367-380
    • MacDonald, G.E.1
  • 89
    • 77957653843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The c balance of tropical forest regions, 1990–2005
    • Malhi Y (2010) The C balance of tropical forest regions, 1990–2005. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 2:237–244
    • (2010) Curr Opin Environ Sustain , vol.2 , pp. 237-244
    • Malhi, Y.1
  • 90
    • 0034256013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forests and atmospheric c dioxide
    • Malhi Y, Grace J (2000) Tropical forests and atmospheric C dioxide. Trends Ecol Evol 15:332–337
    • (2000) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.15 , pp. 332-337
    • Malhi, Y.1    Grace, J.2
  • 92
    • 1642408838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions
    • Malhi Y, Wright J (2004) Spatial patterns and recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest regions. Philos Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci 359:311–329
    • (2004) Philos Trans R Lond Ser B Biol Sci , vol.359 , pp. 311-329
    • Malhi, Y.1    Wright, J.2
  • 93
    • 0033036140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The c balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests
    • Malhi Y, Baldocchi DD, Jarvis PG (1999) The C balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Plant Cell Environ 22:715–740
    • (1999) Plant Cell Environ , vol.22 , pp. 715-740
    • Malhi, Y.1    Baldocchi, D.D.2    Jarvis, P.G.3
  • 94
    • 77649245453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforesting “bare hills” in vietnam: Social and environmental consequences of the 5 million hectare reforestation program
    • McElwee P (2009) Reforesting “Bare Hills” in Vietnam: social and environmental consequences of the 5 million hectare reforestation program. AMBIO J Hum Environ 38:325–333
    • (2009) AMBIO J Hum Environ , vol.38 , pp. 325-333
    • McElwee, P.1
  • 95
    • 41249097679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domestic forests: A new paradigm for integrating local communities’ forestry into tropical forest science
    • Michon G, Foresta H, Levang P (2007) Domestic forests: a new paradigm for integrating local communities’ forestry into tropical forest science. Ecol Soc 12(2)
    • (2007) Ecol Soc , vol.12 , Issue.2
    • Michon, G.1    Foresta, H.2    Levang, P.3
  • 96
    • 45849133102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: Global land-use implications
    • Miles L, Kapos V (2008) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: global land-use implications. Science 320:1454–1455
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1454-1455
    • Miles, L.1    Kapos, V.2
  • 97
  • 99
    • 0035909990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large c sink in the woody biomass of northern forests
    • Myneni RB, Dong J, Tucker CJ et al (2001) A large C sink in the woody biomass of northern forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:14784–14789
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 14784-14789
    • Myneni, R.B.1    Dong, J.2    Tucker, C.J.3
  • 100
    • 0036723043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total aboveground biomass in central amazonian rainforests: A landscape-scale study
    • Nascimento HEM, Laurance WF (2002) Total aboveground biomass in central Amazonian rainforests: a landscape-scale study. For Ecol Manage 168:311–321
    • (2002) For Ecol Manage , vol.168 , pp. 311-321
    • Nascimento, H.1    Laurance, W.F.2
  • 101
    • 0026268740 scopus 로고
    • Recuperation of a degraded amazonian landscape – forest recovery and agricultural restoration
    • Nepstad DC, Uhl C, Serrao EAS (1991) Recuperation of a degraded Amazonian landscape – forest recovery and agricultural restoration. Ambio 20:248–255
    • (1991) Ambio , vol.20 , pp. 248-255
    • Nepstad, D.C.1    Uhl, C.2    Serrao, E.3
  • 102
    • 0037103874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential c mitigation and income in developing countries from changes in use and management of agricultural and forest lands
    • Niles JO, Brown S, Pretty J et al (2002) Potential C mitigation and income in developing countries from changes in use and management of agricultural and forest lands. Philios Trans R Lond Ser A: Math Phys Eng Sci 360:1621–1639
    • (2002) Philios Trans R Lond Ser A: Math Phys Eng Sci , vol.360 , pp. 1621-1639
    • Niles, J.O.1    Brown, S.2    Pretty, J.3
  • 103
    • 46749146614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference scenarios for deforestation and forest degradation in support of redd: A review of data and methods
    • Olander LP, Gibbs HK, Steininger M et al (2008) Reference scenarios for deforestation and forest degradation in support of REDD: a review of data and methods. Environ Res Lett 3:025011
    • (2008) Environ Res Lett , vol.3
    • Olander, L.P.1    Gibbs, H.K.2    Steininger, M.3
  • 104
    • 80051879083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A large and persistent c sink in the world’s forests
    • Pan Y, Birdsey RA, Fang J et al (2011) A large and persistent C sink in the world’s forests. Science. doi: 10.1126/science.1201609
    • (2011) Science
    • Pan, Y.1    Birdsey, R.A.2    Fang, J.3
  • 105
    • 69149095565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enrichment planting in secondary forests: A promising clean development mechanism to increase terrestrial c sinks
    • Paquette A, Hawryshyn J, Senikas AV et al (2009) Enrichment planting in secondary forests: a promising clean development mechanism to increase terrestrial C sinks. Ecol Soc 14(1)
    • (2009) Ecol Soc , vol.14 , Issue.1
    • Paquette, A.1    Hawryshyn, J.2    Senikas, A.V.3
  • 106
    • 0041973766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural regeneration and liberation of timber species in logging gaps in two bolivian tropical forests
    • Pariona W, Fredericksen TS, Licona JC (2003) Natural regeneration and liberation of timber species in logging gaps in two Bolivian tropical forests. For Ecol Manage 181:313–322
    • (2003) For Ecol Manage , vol.181 , pp. 313-322
    • Pariona, W.1    Fredericksen, T.S.2    Licona, J.C.3
  • 107
    • 0028995332 scopus 로고
    • Influence of overstory composition on understory colonization by native species in plantations on a degraded tropical site
    • Parrotta JA (1995) Influence of overstory composition on understory colonization by native species in plantations on a degraded tropical site. J Veg Sci 6:627–636
    • (1995) J Veg Sci , vol.6 , pp. 627-636
    • Parrotta, J.A.1
  • 108
    • 0030685720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catalyzing native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands
    • Parrotta JA, Turnbull JW, Jones N (1997) Catalyzing native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands. For Ecol Manage 99:1–7
    • (1997) For Ecol Manage , vol.99 , pp. 1-7
    • Parrotta, J.A.1    Turnbull, J.W.2    Jones, N.3
  • 109
    • 0037424933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted change in soil c following afforestation or reforestation, and analysis of controlling factors by linking a c accounting model (Camfor) to models of forest growth (3pg), litter decomposition (gendec) and soil c turnover (rothc)
    • Paul KI, Polglase PJ, Richards GP (2003) Predicted change in soil C following afforestation or reforestation, and analysis of controlling factors by linking a C accounting model (CAMFor) to models of forest growth (3PG), litter decomposition (GENDEC) and soil C turnover (RothC). For Ecol Manage 177:485–501
    • (2003) For Ecol Manage , vol.177 , pp. 485-501
    • Paul, K.I.1    Polglase, P.J.2    Richards, G.P.3
  • 110
    • 77950033581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of soil properties and functions in different rainforest restoration pathways
    • Paul M, Catterall CP, Pollard PC et al (2010) Recovery of soil properties and functions in different rainforest restoration pathways. For Ecol Manage 259:2083–2092
    • (2010) For Ecol Manage , vol.259 , pp. 2083-2092
    • Paul, M.1    Catterall, C.P.2    Pollard, P.C.3
  • 111
    • 49749094812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond reduced-impact logging: Silvicultural treatments to increase growth rates of tropical trees
    • Peña-Claros M, Fredericksen TS, Alarcón A et al (2008) Beyond reduced-impact logging: silvicultural treatments to increase growth rates of tropical trees. For Ecol Manage 256:1458–1467
    • (2008) For Ecol Manage , vol.256 , pp. 1458-1467
    • Peña-Claros, M.1    Fredericksen, T.S.2    Alarcón, A.3
  • 112
    • 33947500368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will buying tropical forest c benefit the poor- evidence from costa rica
    • Pfaff A, Kerr S, Lipper L, Cavatassi R et al (2007) Will buying tropical forest C benefit the poor- Evidence from Costa Rica. Land Use Policy 24:600–610
    • (2007) Land Use Policy , vol.24 , pp. 600-610
    • Pfaff, A.1    Kerr, S.2    Lipper, L.3    Cavatassi, R.4
  • 113
    • 0032538492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the c balance of tropical forests: Evidence from long-term plots
    • Phillips OL, Malhi Y, Higuchi N et al (1998) Changes in the C balance of tropical forests: evidence from long-term plots. Science 282:439–442
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 439-442
    • Phillips, O.L.1    Malhi, Y.2    Higuchi, N.3
  • 115
    • 0034095239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated effects of logging on c storage in dipterocarp forest
    • Pinard MA, Cropper WP (2000) Simulated effects of logging on C storage in dipterocarp forest. J Appl Ecol 37:267–283
    • (2000) J Appl Ecol , vol.37 , pp. 267-283
    • Pinard, M.A.1    Cropper, W.P.2
  • 116
    • 0030326698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retaining forest biomass by reducing logging damage
    • Pinard MA, Putz FE (1996) Retaining forest biomass by reducing logging damage. Biotropica 28:278–295
    • (1996) Biotropica , vol.28 , pp. 278-295
    • Pinard, M.A.1    Putz, F.E.2
  • 117
    • 77950619453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of anthropogenic land cover change on the c cycle of the last millennium
    • Pongratz J, Reick CH, Raddatz T, Claussen M (2009) Effects of anthropogenic land cover change on the C cycle of the last millennium. Glob Biogeol Cycles 23. doi: Gb4001 10.1029/2009gb003488
    • (2009) Glob Biogeol Cycles , vol.23
    • Pongratz, J.1    Reick, C.H.2    Raddatz, T.3    Claussen, M.4
  • 118
    • 70349774232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dangers of carbon-based conservation
    • Putz FE, Redford KH (2009) Dangers of carbon-based conservation. Glob Environ Chang 19:400–401
    • (2009) Glob Environ Chang , vol.19 , pp. 400-401
    • Putz, F.E.1    Redford, K.H.2
  • 119
    • 48349112134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved tropical forest management for c retention
    • Putz FE, Zuidema PA, Pinard MA et al (2008) Improved tropical forest management for C retention. PLoS Biol 6:1368–1369
    • (2008) Plos Biol , vol.6 , pp. 1368-1369
    • Putz, F.E.1    Zuidema, P.A.2    Pinard, M.A.3
  • 121
    • 33846222781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenges to estimating c emissions from tropical deforestation
    • Ramankutty N, Gibbs HK, Achard F et al (2007) Challenges to estimating C emissions from tropical deforestation. Glob Chang Biol 13:51–66
    • (2007) Glob Chang Biol , vol.13 , pp. 51-66
    • Ramankutty, N.1    Gibbs, H.K.2    Achard, F.3
  • 122
    • 65549150813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical forest baselines reveal potential for continued c sequestration
    • Rhemtulla JM, Mladenoff DJ, Clayton MK (2009) Historical forest baselines reveal potential for continued C sequestration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:6082–6087
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 6082-6087
    • Rhemtulla, J.M.1    Mladenoff, D.J.2    Clayton, M.K.3
  • 124
    • 4344667461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production
    • Ricketts TH, Daily GC, Ehrlich PR et al (2004) Economic value of tropical forest to coffee production. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12579–12582
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , pp. 12579-12582
    • Ricketts, T.H.1    Daily, G.C.2    Ehrlich, P.R.3
  • 125
    • 70349451894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A safe operating space for humanity
    • Rockstrom J, Steffen W, Noone K et al (2009) A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472–475
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 472-475
    • Rockstrom, J.1    Steffen, W.2    Noone, K.3
  • 126
    • 34247324422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the amazon basin
    • Saatchi SS, Houghton RA, Dos Santos Alvala RC et al (2007) Distribution of aboveground live biomass in the Amazon basin. Glob Chang Biol 13:816–837
    • (2007) Glob Chang Biol , vol.13 , pp. 816-837
    • Saatchi, S.S.1    Houghton, R.A.2    Dos Santos, R.C.3
  • 127
    • 79959363987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmark map of forest c stocks in tropical regions across three continents
    • Saatchi SS, Harris NL, Brown S et al (2011) Benchmark map of forest C stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1019576108
    • (2011) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA
    • Saatchi, S.S.1    Harris, N.L.2    Brown, S.3
  • 128
    • 0018720308 scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic albedo changes and the earth’s climate
    • Sagan C, Toon OB, Pollack JB (1979) Anthropogenic albedo changes and the earth’s climate. Science 206:1363–1368
    • (1979) Science , vol.206 , pp. 1363-1368
    • Sagan, C.1    Toon, O.B.2    Pollack, J.B.3
  • 129
    • 77958500803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon, forests and the redd paradox
    • Sandbrook C, Nelson F, Adams WM et al (2010) Carbon, forests and the REDD paradox. Oryx 44:330–334
    • (2010) Oryx , vol.44 , pp. 330-334
    • Sandbrook, C.1    Nelson, F.2    Adams, W.M.3
  • 130
    • 70349773587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical need for new definitions of “forest” and “forest degradation” in global climate change agreements
    • Sasaki N, Putz FE (2009) Critical need for new definitions of “forest” and “forest degradation” in global climate change agreements. Conserv Lett 2:226–232
    • (2009) Conserv Lett , vol.2 , pp. 226-232
    • Sasaki, N.1    Putz, F.E.2
  • 131
    • 84861719587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to classifying and restoring degraded tropical forests for the anticipated redd+ climate change mitigation mechanism (Approaches to classifying and restoring degraded tropical forests for the anticipated redd+ climate change mitigation mechanism)
    • Sasaki N, Asner G, Knorr W et al (2011) Approaches to classifying and restoring degraded tropical forests for the anticipated REDD+ climate change mitigation mechanism (Approaches to classifying and restoring degraded tropical forests for the anticipated REDD+ climate change mitigation mechanism). Biogeosci For 4:1–6
    • (2011) Biogeosci For , vol.4 , pp. 1-6
    • Sasaki, N.1    Asner, G.2    Knorr, W.3
  • 132
    • 77958494431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Securing tropical forest carbon: The contribution of protected areas to redd
    • Scharlemann JPW, Kapos V, Campbell A et al (2010) Securing tropical forest carbon: the contribution of protected areas to REDD. Oryx 44:352–357
    • (2010) Oryx , vol.44 , pp. 352-357
    • Scharlemann, J.1    Kapos, V.2    Campbell, A.3
  • 134
    • 0027952081 scopus 로고
    • C storage benefits of agroforestry systems
    • Schroeder P (1994) C storage benefits of agroforestry systems. Agrofor Syst 27:89–97
    • (1994) Agrofor Syst , vol.27 , pp. 89-97
    • Schroeder, P.1
  • 135
    • 0037188980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of secondary forest into agroforestry and monoculture plantations in amazonia: Consequences for biomass, litter and soil c stocks after 7 years
    • Schroth G, D’Angelo SA, Teixeira WG et al (2002) Conversion of secondary forest into agroforestry and monoculture plantations in Amazonia: consequences for biomass, litter and soil C stocks after 7 years. For Ecol Manage 163:131–150
    • (2002) For Ecol Manage , vol.163 , pp. 131-150
    • Schroth, G.1    D’Angelo, S.A.2    Teixeira, W.G.3
  • 136
    • 0037103610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding and managing leakage in forest– based greenhouse–gas–mitigation projects
    • Schwarze R, Niles JO, Olander J (2002) Understanding and managing leakage in forest– based greenhouse–gas–mitigation projects. Philos Trans R Lond Ser A Math Phys Eng Sci 360:1685–1703
    • (2002) Philos Trans R Lond Ser a Math Phys Eng Sci , vol.360 , pp. 1685-1703
    • Schwarze, R.1    Niles, J.O.2    Olander, J.3
  • 137
    • 67649780925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How forests attract rain: An examination of a new hypothesis
    • Sheil D, Murdiyarso D (2009) How forests attract rain: an examination of a new hypothesis. Bioscience 59:341–347
    • (2009) Bioscience , vol.59 , pp. 341-347
    • Sheil, D.1    Murdiyarso, D.2
  • 138
    • 37249035576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of assisted natural regeneration to restore degraded tropical forestlands
    • Shono K, Cadaweng EA, Durst PB (2007) Application of assisted natural regeneration to restore degraded tropical forestlands. Restor Ecol 15:620–626
    • (2007) Restor Ecol , vol.15 , pp. 620-626
    • Shono, K.1    Cadaweng, E.A.2    Durst, P.B.3
  • 139
    • 0034477329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential for c sequestration through reforestation of abandoned tropical agricultural and pasture lands
    • Silver WL, Ostertag R, Lugo AE (2000) The potential for C sequestration through reforestation of abandoned tropical agricultural and pasture lands. Restor Ecol 8:394–407
    • (2000) Restor Ecol , vol.8 , pp. 394-407
    • Silver, W.L.1    Ostertag, R.2    Lugo, A.E.3
  • 140
    • 77649340984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why are there so few afforestation and reforestation clean development mechanism projects
    • Thomas S, Dargusch P, Harrison S et al (2010) Why are there so few afforestation and reforestation clean development mechanism projects- Land Use Policy 27:880–887
    • (2010) Land Use Policy , vol.27 , pp. 880-887
    • Thomas, S.1    Dargusch, P.2    Harrison, S.3
  • 141
    • 72049101443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the c sequestration costs of afforestation and reforestation agroforestry practices and the use of cost curves to evaluate their potential for implementation of climate change mitigation
    • Torres AB, Marchant R, Lovett JC et al (2010) Analysis of the C sequestration costs of afforestation and reforestation agroforestry practices and the use of cost curves to evaluate their potential for implementation of climate change mitigation. Ecol Econ 69:469–477
    • (2010) Ecol Econ , vol.69 , pp. 469-477
    • Torres, A.B.1    Marchant, R.2    Lovett, J.C.3
  • 142
    • 73949130705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A UNEP rapid response assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, Cambridge
    • UNEP (2009) The natural fix- The role of ecosystems in climate mitigation. A UNEP rapid response assessment. United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, Cambridge
    • (2009) The Natural Fix- the Role of Ecosystems in Climate Mitigation
  • 144
    • 84949268587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Bonn. Available from
    • UNFCCC (2009) Copenhagen accord. FCCC/CP/2009/L.7. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Bonn. Available from: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdf
    • (2009) Copenhagen Accord. FCCC/CP/2009/L.7
  • 146
    • 71549129542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harnessing c payments to protect biodiversity
    • Venter O, Laurance WF, Iwamura T et al (2009) Harnessing C payments to protect biodiversity. Science 326:1368–1368
    • (2009) Science , vol.326
    • Venter, O.1    Laurance, W.F.2    Iwamura, T.3
  • 147
    • 68149168698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agro-successional restoration as a strategy to facilitate tropical forest recovery
    • Vieira DLM, Holl KD, Peneireiro FM (2009) Agro-successional restoration as a strategy to facilitate tropical forest recovery. Restor Ecol 17:451–459
    • (2009) Restor Ecol , vol.17 , pp. 451-459
    • Vieira, D.1    Holl, K.D.2    Peneireiro, F.M.3
  • 148
    • 77952097419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the threats to biodiversity from oil-palm agriculture
    • Wilcove D, Koh L (2010) Addressing the threats to biodiversity from oil-palm agriculture. Biodiv Conserv 19:999–1007
    • (2010) Biodiv Conserv , vol.19 , pp. 999-1007
    • Wilcove, D.1    Koh, L.2
  • 149
    • 0004129890 scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press, Washington, DC
    • Wilson EO (ed) (1988) Biodiversity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
    • (1988) Biodiversity
    • Wilson, E.O.1
  • 150
    • 24944560447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forests in a changing environment
    • Wright SJ (2005) Tropical forests in a changing environment. Trends Ecol Evol 20:553–560
    • (2005) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.20 , pp. 553-560
    • Wright, S.J.1
  • 151
    • 77951998123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of tropical forests
    • Wright SJ (2010) The future of tropical forests. Ann NY Acad Sci 1195:1–27
    • (2010) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.1195 , pp. 1-27
    • Wright, S.J.1
  • 152
    • 0023519295 scopus 로고
    • Seed dynamics during forest succession in costa rica
    • Young KR, Ewel JJ, Brown BJ (1987) Seed dynamics during forest succession in Costa Rica. Plant Ecol 71:157–173
    • (1987) Plant Ecol , vol.71 , pp. 157-173
    • Young, K.R.1    Ewel, J.J.2    Brown, B.J.3
  • 153
    • 41349109725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change mitigation: A spatial analysis of global land suitability for clean development mechanism afforestation and reforestation
    • Zomer RJ, Trabucco A, Bossio DA et al (2008) Climate change mitigation: a spatial analysis of global land suitability for clean development mechanism afforestation and reforestation. Agric Ecosyst Environ 126:67–80
    • (2008) Agric Ecosyst Environ , vol.126 , pp. 67-80
    • Zomer, R.J.1    Trabucco, A.2    Bossio, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.