Exercise: Applications to Childhood ADHD

Journal of Attention Disorders

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 279-290

  Wigal, Sharon B ^a   Emmerson, Natasha ^a   Gehricke, Jean G ^a   Galassetti, Pietro ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

ADHD; diabetes; exercise; obesity; stimulant medication

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT;

ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CHILD; EXERCISE; HUMAN; KINESIOTHERAPY; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; CHILD; EXERCISE; EXERCISE THERAPY; HUMANS;

EID: 84876067826     PISSN: 10870547     EISSN: 15571246     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1087054712454192     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.Washington, DC: Author; 2000:.
2. Arbelaez A. M.,Powers W. J.,Videen T. O.,Price J. L.,Cryer P. E.Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: A mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.Diabetes. 2007;57:470-475.
3. Arnsten A. F. T.Genetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. ADHD, Part 2: Norepinephrine has a critical modulatory influence on prefrontal cortical function.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39:1201-1203.
4. Arnsten A. F. T.Toward a new understanding of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pathophysiology.CNS Drugs. 2009;23:33-41.
5. Arnsten A. F. T.,Casey B. J.Prefrontal cortical organization and function: Implications for externalizing disorders.Biological Psychiatry. 2011;69:1131-1132.
6. Barbour K. A.,Edenfield T. M.,Blumenthal J. A.Exercise as a treatment for depression and other psychiatric disorders.Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2007;27:359-367.
7. Berridge C. W.,Devilbiss D. M.Psychostimulants as cognitive enhancers: The prefrontal cortex, catecholamines, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Biological Psychiatry. 2011;69:e101-e111.
8. Boecker H.,Sprenger T.,Spilker M. E.,Henriksen G.,Koppenhoefer M.,Wagner K. J.,..Tolle T. R.The runner's high: Opioidergic mechanisms in the human brain.Cerebral Cortex. 2008;18:2523-2531.
9. Bottini P.,Boschetti E.,Pampanelli S.,Ciofetta M.,Del Sindaco P.,Scionti L.,..Bolli G. B.Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: Evidence for a nonselective defect.Diabetes. 1997;46:814-823.
10. Bottini P.,Tantucci C.,Scionti L.,Dottorini M. L.,Puxeddu E.,Reboldi G.,..Brunetti P.Cardiovascular responses to exercise in diabetic neuropathy of different severity.Diabetologia. 1995;38:244-250.
11. Chronis A. M.,Jones H. A.,Raggi V. L.Psychosocial treatments for children and adolescences with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Clinical Psychology Review. 2006;26:486-502.
12. Cohen J. D.,Braver T. S.,Brown J. W.Computational perspectives on dopamine function in prefrontal cortex.Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2002;12:223-229.
13. Comacho R. C.,Galassetti P.,Davis S. N.,Wasserman D. H.Glucoregulation during and after exercise in health and insulin-dependent diabetes.Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2005;33:17-23.
14. Cooper D. M.,Nemet D.,Galassetti P.Exercise, stress, and inflammation in the growing child: From the bench to the playground.Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2004;16:286-292.
15. Cotman C. W.,Berchtold N. C.,Christie L.Exercise builds brain health: Key roles of growth factor cascades and inflammation.Trends in Neurosciences. 2007;30:464-472.
16. Cryer P. E.Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001;281:E1115-E1121.
17. Davis C. L.,Tomporowski P. D.,Boyle C. A.,Waller J. L.,Miller P. H.,Naglieri J. A.,Gregoski M.Effects of aerobic exercise on overweight children's cognitive functioning: A randomized controlled trial.Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2007;78:510-519.
18. Davis C. L.,Tomporowski P. D.,McDowell J. E.,Austin B. P.,Miller P. H.,Yanaska N. E.,..Naglieri J. A.Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: A randomized, controlled trial.Health Psychology. 2011;30:91-98.
19. Davis S. N.,Galassetti P.,Wasserman D. H.,Tate D.Effects of gender on neuroendocrine and metabolic counterregulatory responses to exercise in normal man.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2000;85:224-230.
20. Durstewitz D.,Kelc M.,Gunturkun O.A neurocomputational theory of the dopaminergic modulation of working memory functions.Journal of Neuroscience. 1999;19:2807-2822.
21. Durston S.,Konrad K.Integrating genetic, psychopharmacological and neuroimaging studies: A converging methods approach to understanding the neurobiology of ADHD. Developmental Review. 2007;27:374-395.
22. Elia J.,Borcherding B. G.,Rapoport J. L.,Keysor C. S.Methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine treatment hyperactivity: Are there true nonresponders?.Psychiatry Research. 1991;36:141-155.
23. Eliakim A.,Nemet D.,Zaldivar F.,McMurray R. G.,Culler F. L.,Galassetti P.,Cooper D. M.Reduced exercise-associated response of the GH-IGF-I axis and catecholamines in obese children and adolescents.Journal of Applied Physiology. 2006;100:1630-1637.
24. Galassetti P.,Larson J.,Iwanaga K.,Salsberg S. L.,Eliakim A.,Pontello A.Effect of a high-fat meal on the growth hormone response to exercise in children.Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;19:777-786.
25. Galassetti P.,Neill A. R.,Tate D.,Ertl A. C.,Wasserman D. H.,Davis S. N.Sexual dimorphism in counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia after antecedent exercise.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2001;86:3516-3524.
26. Galassetti P.,Tate D.,Neill R. A.,Morrey S.,Wasserman D. H.,Davis S. N.Effect of antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to subsequent euglycemic exercise in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes. 2003;52:1761-1769.
27. Gapin J.,Etnier J. L.The relationship between physical activity and executive function performance in children with attention-deficit hyperactive disorder.Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2010;32:753-763.
28. Hill L.,Williams J. H.,Aucott L.,Milne J.,Thomson J.,Greig J.,..Mon-Williams M.Exercising attention within the classroom.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2010;52:929-934.
29. Hillman C. H.,Erickson K. I.,Kramer A. F.Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition.Nature. 2008;9:58-65.
30. HillmanC. H.PontifexM. B.RaineL. B.CastelliD. M.HallE. E.KramerA. F. (2009). The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children. Neuroscience, 159, 1044-1054. Retrieved from http://sparkinglife.org/page/successful-school-fitness-models.
31. Lambourne K.,Tomporowski P.The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: A meta-regression analysis.Brain Research. 2010;1341:12-24.
32. Lee B. H.,Kim H.,Park S. H.,Kim Y. K.Decreased plasma BDNF level in depressive patients.Journal of Affective Disorders. 2007;101:239-244.
33. Levy F.The dopamine theory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Australian and New Zealand Journal. 1991;25:277-283.
34. Levy F.,Swanson J. M.Timing, space and ADHD: The dopamine theory revisited.Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2001;35:504-511.
35. Ma Q.Beneficial effects of moderate voluntary physical exercise and its biological mechanisms on brain health.Neuroscience Bulletin. 2008;24:265-270.
36. Mahar M. T.,Murphy S. K.,Rowe D. A.,Golden J.,Shields A. T.,Raedeke T. D.Effects of a classroom-based program on physical activity and on-task behavior.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006;38:2086.
37. Meckel Y.,Nemet D.,Bar-Sela S.,Radom-Aizik S.,Cooper D. M.,Sagiv M.,Eliakim A.Hormonal and inflammatory responses to different types of spring interval training.Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2011;25:2161-2169.
38. Medina J.,Netto T.,Muszkat M.,Medina A.,Botter D.,Orbetelli R.,..Miranda M. C.Exercise impact on sustained attention of ADHD children, methylphenidate effects.Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders. 2010;2:49-58.
39. Meeusen R.,De Meirleir K.Exercise and brain neurotransmission.Sports Medicine. 1995;20:160-188.
40. Nemet D.,Oh Y.,Kim H. S.,Hill M.,Cooper D. M.Effect of intense exercise on inflammatory cytokines and growth mediators in adolescent boys.Pediatrics. 2002;100:681-689.
41. Oliver S. R.,Rosa J. S.,Minh T. D.,Pontello A. M.,Flores R. L.,Barnett M.,Galassetti P. R.Dose-dependent relationship between severity of pediatric obesity and blunting of the growth hormone response to exercise.Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010;108:21-27.
42. Paluska S. A.,Schwenk T. L.Physical activity and mental health: Current concepts.Sports Medicine. 2000;29:167-180.
43. Pesce C.Exercise and cognitive function. McMorris T.Tomporowski P. D.Audiffren M., ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009:213-226.
44. Pliszka S. R.The neuropsychopharmacology of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Biological Psychiatry. 2005;57:1385-1390.
45. Pliszka S. R.,McCracken J. T.,Maas J. W.Catecholamines in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Current perspectives.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996;35:264-272.
46. Prince J.Catecholamine dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2008;28:S39-S45.
47. Rethorst C.,Wipfli B.,Landers D.The antidepressive effects of exercise: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.Sports Medicine. 2009;39:491-511.
48. Riddell M. C.The endocrine response and substrate utilization during exercise in children and adolescents.Journal of Applied Physiology. 2008;105:725-733.
49. Rosa J. S.,Oliver S. R.,Flores R. L.,Ngo J.,Milne G. L.,Zaldivar F. P.,Galassetti P. R.Altered inflammatory, oxidative, and metabolic responses to exercise in pediatric obesity and type 1 diabetes.Pediatric Diabetes. 2011;12:464-472.
50. Sandoval D. A.,Guy D. L.,Richardson M. A.,Ertl A. C.,Davis S. N.Effects of low and moderate antecedent exercise on counterregulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.Diabetes. 2004;53:1798-1806.
51. Schwindt C. D.,Zaldivar F.,Eliakim A.,Shin H. W.,Leu S. Y.,Cooper D. M.Inhaled fluticasone and the hormonal and inflammatory response to brief exercise.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010;42:1802-1808.
52. Seematter G.,Battilana P.,Tappy L.Effects of dexamethasone on the metabolic responses to mental stress in humans.Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 2002;22:139-144.
53. Seifert T.,Brassard P.,Wissenberg M.,Rasmussen P.,Nordby P.,Stallknecht B.,..Secher N. H.Endurance training enhances BDNF release from the human brain.American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2010;298:372-377.
54. Smith B. H.,Barkley R. A.,Shapiro C. J.Treatment of childhood disorders. 2006). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In MashE. J.BarkleyR. A. (Eds.), Treatment of childhood disorders (3rd ed., pp. 65-136). New York, NY: Guilford.Mash E. J.Barkley R. A., ed. New York, NY: Guilford; 2006:65-136.
55. Solanto M. V.Dopamine dysfunction in AD/HD: Integrating clinical and basic neuroscience research.Behavioural Brain Research. 2002;130:65-71.
56. Sondegaard S. R.,Ostrowski K.,Ullum H.,Pedersen B. K.Changes in plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonists in response to adrenaline infusion in humans.European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2000;83:95-98.
57. Steensberg A.,Toft A. D.,Schjerling P.,Halkjaer-Kristensen J.,Pedersen B. K.Plasma interleukin-6 during strenuous exercise: Role of epinephrine.American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology. 2001;281:C1001-C1004.
58. Steinberg-Epstein R.,Book T.,Wigal S. B.Controversies surrounding pediatric psychopharmacology.Advances in Pediatrics. 2011;58:153-179.
59. Strohle A.,Stoy M.,Graetz B.,Scheel M.,Wittmann A.,Gallinat J.,..Hellweg R.Acute exercise ameliorates reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with panic disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010;35:364-368.
60. Swanson J. M.,Elliott G. R.,Greenhill L. L.,Wigal T.,Arnold L. E.,Vitiello B.,..Volkow N. D.Effects of stimulant medication on growth rates across 3 years in the MTA follow-up.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:1015-1027.
61. Swanson J. M.,Greenhill L.,Wigal T.,Kollins S.,Stehli A.,Davies M.,..Wigal S.Stimulant-related reductions of growth rates in the PATS.Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2006;45:1304-1313.
62. Tantillo M.,Kesick C. M.,Hynd G. W.,Dishman R. K.The effects of exercise on children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2002;34:203-212.
63. Tomporowski P. D.,Davis C. L.,Miller P. H.,Naglieri J. A.Exercise and children's intelligence, cognition, and academic achievement.Educational Psychology Review. 2008;20:111-131.
64. Tsai S. J.Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may be associated with decreased central brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity: Clinical and therapeutic implications.Medical Hypotheses. 2007;68:896-899.
65. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007a). FDA Asks Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Drug Manufacturers to Develop Patient Medication Guides. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/postmarketdrugsafetyinformationforpatientsandproviders/ucm107918.htm.
66. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2007b). FDA Directs ADHD Drug Manufacturers to Notify Patients about Cardiovascular Adverse Events and Psychiatric Adverse Events. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2007/NEW01568.html.
67. Verret C.,Guay M.-C.,Berthiaume C.,Gardiner P.,Beliveau L.A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: An exploratory study.Journal of Attention Disorders. 2012;16:71-80.
68. Volkow N. D.,Wang G. J.,Fowler J. S.,Logan J.,Franceschi D.,Maynard L.,..Swanson J. M.Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: Therapeutic implications.Synapse. 2002;43:181-187.
69. Volkow N. D.,Wang G. J.,Newcorn J. H.,Kollins S. H.,Wigal T.,Telang F.,..Swanson J. M.Motivation deficit in ADHD is associated with dysfunction of the dopamine reward pathway.Molecular Psychiatry. 2011;16:1147-1154.
70. Wigal S. B.,Nemet D.,Swanson J. M.,Regino R.,Trampush J.,Ziegler M. G.,Cooper D. M.Catecholamine response to exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Pediatric Research. 2003;53:756-761.
71. Wigal S. B.,Schneider M.,Stehli A.,Kapelinski A.,Shanklin A.,Cooper D.The feasibility of school-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in children with ADHD.Advances in ADHD. 2007;1:121-126.
72. Wigal S. B.,Wigal T. L.The laboratory school protocol: Its origin, use, and new applications.Journal of Attention Disorders. 2006;10:92-111.
73. Wilens T. E.,Dodson W.A clinical perspective of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into adulthood.Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2004;65:1301-1313.
74. Winter B.,Breitenstein C.,Mooren F. C.,Voelker K.,Fobker M.,Lechtermann A.,..Knecht S.High impact running improves learning.Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 2007;87:597-609.
75. Wolraich M.,McGuinn L.,Doffing M.Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Safety considerations.Drug Safety. 2007;30:17-26.
76. Zouhal H.,Jacob C.,Delamarche P.,Gratas-Delamarche A.Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender.Sports Medicine. 2008;38:401-423.