메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 326-341

When Are Women More Effective Lawmakers Than Men?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84875919137     PISSN: 00925853     EISSN: 15405907     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ajps.12010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (203)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 0010709694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Logic of Conditional Party Government: Revisiting the Electoral Connection
    • 7th ed., ed. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer. Washington, DC : CQ Press
    • Aldrich, John H., and David Rohde 2001. "The Logic of Conditional Party Government: Revisiting the Electoral Connection." In Congress Reconsidered, 7th ed., ed. Lawrence C. Dodd and Bruce I. Oppenheimer Washington, DC : CQ Press, 269-92.
    • (2001) Congress Reconsidered , pp. 269-292
    • Aldrich, J.H.1    Rohde, D.2
  • 2
    • 4243957267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Feminine Mystique Grown in the Senate
    • December 7, A22.
    • Alvarez, Lizette. 2000. "Feminine Mystique Grown in the Senate. New York Times, December 7, A22.
    • (2000) New York Times
    • Alvarez, L.1
  • 4
    • 79960013906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Jackie (and Jill) Robinson Effect: Why Do Congresswomen Outperform Congressmen?"
    • Anzia, Sarah, and Christopher R. Berry 2011. "The Jackie (and Jill) Robinson Effect: Why Do Congresswomen Outperform Congressmen?" American Journal of Political Science 55(3): 478-93.
    • (2011) American Journal of Political Science , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 478-493
    • Anzia, S.1    Berry, C.R.2
  • 6
    • 33746813791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Critical Mass Theory Revisited: The Behavior and Success of Token Women in State Legislatures
    • Bratton, Kathleen. 2005. "Critical Mass Theory Revisited: The Behavior and Success of Token Women in State Legislatures. Politics and Gender 1: 97-125
    • (2005) Politics and Gender , vol.1 , pp. 97-125
    • Bratton, K.1
  • 7
    • 0033246016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race
    • Bratton, Kathleen, and Kerry L. Haynie 1999. "Agenda Setting and Legislative Success in State Legislatures: The Effects of Gender and Race. Journal of Politics 61(3): 658-79.
    • (1999) Journal of Politics , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 658-679
    • Bratton, K.1    Haynie, K.L.2
  • 9
    • 0003233791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Are Women State Legislators Different?"
    • In, ed. Susan Thomas and Clyde Wilcox. New York : Oxford University Press
    • Carey, John M., Richard G. Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell 1998. "Are Women State Legislators Different?" In Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future, ed. Susan Thomas and Clyde Wilcox New York : Oxford University Press, 87-102.
    • (1998) Women and Elective Office: Past, Present, and Future , pp. 87-102
    • Carey, J.M.1    Niemi, R.G.2    Powell, L.W.3
  • 10
    • 0042742242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Representing Women: Women State Legislators as Agents of Policy-Related Change
    • In, ed. Susan Carroll. Bloomington : Indiana University Press
    • Carroll, Susan J. 2001. "Representing Women: Women State Legislators as Agents of Policy-Related Change." In The Impact of Women in Public Office, ed. Susan Carroll Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 3-21.
    • (2001) The Impact of Women in Public Office , pp. 3-21
    • Carroll, S.J.1
  • 11
    • 85048203265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Representing Women: Congresswomen's Perceptions of Their Representational Roles
    • In, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press
    • Carroll, Susan J. 2002. "Representing Women: Congresswomen's Perceptions of Their Representational Roles." In Women Transforming Congress, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 3-21.
    • (2002) Women Transforming Congress , pp. 3-21
    • Carroll, S.J.1
  • 12
    • 84857272216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Women in State Government: Historical Overview and Current Trends
    • In Lexington, KY : The Council of State Governments.
    • Carroll, Susan J. 2004. "Women in State Government: Historical Overview and Current Trends." In The Book of the States Lexington, KY : The Council of State Governments.
    • (2004) The Book of the States
    • Carroll, S.J.1
  • 14
    • 85055299782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Knowing Congress as a Gendered Institution: Manliness and the Implications ofWomen in Congress
    • In, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press
    • Duerst-Lahti, Georgia. 2002a. "Knowing Congress as a Gendered Institution: Manliness and the Implications ofWomen in Congress." In Women Transforming Congress, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 20-49.
    • (2002) Women Transforming Congress , pp. 20-49
    • Duerst-Lahti, G.1
  • 15
    • 0036959067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Governing Institutions, Ideologies, and Gender: Towards the Possibility of Equal Political Representation
    • Duerst-Lahti, Georgia. 2002b. "Governing Institutions, Ideologies, and Gender: Towards the Possibility of Equal Political Representation. Sex Roles 47(7/8): 371-88.
    • (2002) Sex Roles , vol.47 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 371-388
    • Duerst-Lahti, G.1
  • 16
    • 79956255004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gender and Patterns of Roll Call Voting in the U.S. Senate
    • Frederick, Brian. 2010. "Gender and Patterns of Roll Call Voting in the U.S. Senate. Congress and the Presidency 37(2): 103-24.
    • (2010) Congress and the Presidency , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-124
    • Frederick, B.1
  • 17
    • 79952460310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Are African Americans Effectively Represented in Congress?"
    • Griffin, John D., and Michael Keane 2011. "Are African Americans Effectively Represented in Congress?" Political Research Quarterly 64(1): 145-56.
    • (2011) Political Research Quarterly , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 145-156
    • Griffin, J.D.1    Keane, M.2
  • 18
    • 0348223339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Congressional Enactments of Race-Gender: Towards a Theory of Race-Gendered Institutions
    • Hawkesworth, Mary. 2003. "Congressional Enactments of Race-Gender: Towards a Theory of Race-Gendered Institutions. American Political Science Review 97(4): 529-50.
    • (2003) American Political Science Review , vol.97 , Issue.4 , pp. 529-550
    • Hawkesworth, M.1
  • 19
    • 34547850137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A Woman's Work Is Never Done? Fund-Raising Perception and Effort among Female State Legislative Candidates
    • Jenkins, Shannon. 2007. "A Woman's Work Is Never Done? Fund-Raising Perception and Effort among Female State Legislative Candidates. Political Research Quarterly 60(2): 230-39.
    • (2007) Political Research Quarterly , vol.60 , Issue.2 , pp. 230-239
    • Jenkins, S.1
  • 22
    • 84925904947 scopus 로고
    • "Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women
    • Kanter, Rosebeth M. 1977. "Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women. American Journal of Sociology 82(5): 965-90.
    • (1977) American Journal of Sociology , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 965-990
    • Kanter, R.M.1
  • 23
    • 84974267153 scopus 로고
    • "Power and Influence in State Legislative Policymaking: The Interactions of Gender and Position in Committee Hearing Debates
    • Kathlene, Lyn. 1994. "Power and Influence in State Legislative Policymaking: The Interactions of Gender and Position in Committee Hearing Debates. American Political Science Review 88(3): 560-76.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 560-576
    • Kathlene, L.1
  • 24
    • 0002084489 scopus 로고
    • "Position Power versus Gender Power: Who Holds the Floor
    • In, ed. Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press
    • Kathlene, Lyn. 1995. "Position Power versus Gender Power: Who Holds the Floor." In Gender Power, Leadership, and Governance, ed. Georgia Duerst-Lahti and Rita Mae Kelly Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 167-94.
    • (1995) Gender Power, Leadership, and Governance , pp. 167-194
    • Kathlene, L.1
  • 25
    • 10744221640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gender Differences in Committee Decision-Making: Process and Outputs in an Experimental Setting
    • Kennedy, Carole. 2003. "Gender Differences in Committee Decision-Making: Process and Outputs in an Experimental Setting. Women and Politics 25(3): 27-45.
    • (2003) Women and Politics , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 27-45
    • Kennedy, C.1
  • 26
    • 0040204045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "New Research on Gendered Political Institutions
    • Kenney, Sally. 1996. "New Research on Gendered Political Institutions. Political Research Quarterly 49: 445-66.
    • (1996) Political Research Quarterly , vol.49 , pp. 445-466
    • Kenney, S.1
  • 28
    • 43449095712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Primary Reason for Women's Underrepresentation? Reevaluating the Conventional Wisdom
    • Lawless, Jennifer L., and Kathryn Pearson 2008. "The Primary Reason for Women's Underrepresentation? Reevaluating the Conventional Wisdom. Journal of Politics 70(1): 67-82.
    • (2008) Journal of Politics , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-82
    • Lawless, J.L.1    Pearson, K.2
  • 29
    • 84875962485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Politics or Policy: How Female Legislators Are Forced to Choose." Georgia State University. Unpublished manuscript.
    • Lazarus, Jeffrey, and Amy Steigerwalt 2011. "Politics or Policy: How Female Legislators Are Forced to Choose." Georgia State University. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (2011)
    • Lazarus, J.1    Steigerwalt, A.2
  • 31
    • 0034400137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gender Bias and Selection Bias in House Elections
    • Milyo, Jeffrey, and Samantha Schosberg 2000. "Gender Bias and Selection Bias in House Elections. Public Choice 105: 41-59.
    • (2000) Public Choice , vol.105 , pp. 41-59
    • Milyo, J.1    Schosberg, S.2
  • 34
    • 0030306378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Conflict and Cooperation: Legislative Strategies and Concepts of Power among Female and Male State Legislators
    • Reingold, Beth. 1996. "Conflict and Cooperation: Legislative Strategies and Concepts of Power among Female and Male State Legislators. Journal of Politics 58(2): 464-85.
    • (1996) Journal of Politics , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 464-485
    • Reingold, B.1
  • 35
    • 0041190079 scopus 로고
    • "Do Women Leaders Make a Difference? Substance, Style and Perceptions
    • In, ed. D. L. Dodson. New Brunswick, NJ : Center for the American Woman and Politics, Rutgers University
    • Rinehart, Sue Tolleson. 1991. "Do Women Leaders Make a Difference? Substance, Style and Perceptions." In Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office, ed. D. L. Dodson New Brunswick, NJ : Center for the American Woman and Politics, Rutgers University, 93-102.
    • (1991) Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office , pp. 93-102
    • Rinehart, S.T.1
  • 36
    • 36849091830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Bill Sponsorship and Cosponsorship in Congress
    • Rocca, Michael S., and Gabriel R. Sanchez 2008. "The Effect of Race and Ethnicity on Bill Sponsorship and Cosponsorship in Congress. American Politics Research 36(1): 130-52.
    • (2008) American Politics Research , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 130-152
    • Rocca, M.S.1    Sanchez, G.R.2
  • 38
    • 0000943843 scopus 로고
    • "Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in the Arizona Legislature
    • Saint-Germain, Michelle A. 1989. "Does Their Difference Make a Difference? The Impact of Women on Public Policy in the Arizona Legislature. Social Science Quarterly 70: 956-68.
    • (1989) Social Science Quarterly , vol.70 , pp. 956-968
    • Saint-Germain, M.A.1
  • 39
    • 3843140573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Gender-Related Political Knowledge and the Descriptive Representation of Women
    • Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2003. "Gender-Related Political Knowledge and the Descriptive Representation of Women. Political Behavior 25(4): 367-88.
    • (2003) Political Behavior , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 367-388
    • Sanbonmatsu, K.1
  • 41
    • 84934563470 scopus 로고
    • "Legislative Professionalism and Membership Diversity in State Legislatures
    • Squire, Peverill. 1992. "Legislative Professionalism and Membership Diversity in State Legislatures. Legislative Studies Quarterly 17(1): 69-79.
    • (1992) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-79
    • Squire, P.1
  • 44
    • 33646530882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Connecting Descriptive and Substantive Representation: An Analysis of Sex Differences in Cosponsorship Activity
    • Swers, Michele L. 2005. "Connecting Descriptive and Substantive Representation: An Analysis of Sex Differences in Cosponsorship Activity. Legislative Studies Quarterly 30: 407-33.
    • (2005) Legislative Studies Quarterly , vol.30 , pp. 407-433
    • Swers, M.L.1
  • 45
    • 0038957576 scopus 로고
    • "The Effects of Race and Gender on Constituency Service
    • Thomas, Sue. 1992. "The Effects of Race and Gender on Constituency Service. Western Political Quarterly 45(1): 169-80.
    • (1992) Western Political Quarterly , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 169-180
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 46
    • 0003622219 scopus 로고
    • New York : Oxford University Press.
    • Thomas, Sue. 1994. How Women Legislate New York : Oxford University Press.
    • (1994) How Women Legislate
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 47
    • 84861622801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Cracking the Glass Ceiling
    • In, ed. Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and Jyl J. Josephson. Armonk, NY : M. E. Sharpe
    • Thomas, Sue. 2005. "Cracking the Glass Ceiling." In Gender and American Politics: Women, Men, and the Political Process, ed. Sue Tolleson-Rinehart and Jyl J. Josephson Armonk, NY : M. E. Sharpe, 242-63.
    • (2005) Gender and American Politics: Women, Men, and the Political Process , pp. 242-263
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 48
    • 85055299202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legislative Careers: The Personal and the Political
    • ." In, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal. Norman : University of Oklahoma Press
    • Thomas, Sue, Rebekah Herrick, and Matthew Braunstein 2002. "Legislative Careers: The Personal and the Political." In Women Transforming Congress, ed. Cindy Simon Rosenthal Norman : University of Oklahoma Press, 397-421.
    • (2002) Women Transforming Congress , pp. 397-421
    • Thomas, S.1    Herrick, R.2    Braunstein, M.3
  • 49
    • 84875951325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legislative Effectiveness in Congress." The Ohio State University. Typescript.
    • Volden, Craig, and Alan E. Wiseman 2010. "Legislative Effectiveness in Congress." The Ohio State University. Typescript.
    • (2010)
    • Volden, C.1    Wiseman, A.E.2
  • 50
    • 79956223744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Breaking Gridlock: The Determinants of Health Policy Change in Congress
    • Volden, Craig, and Alan E. Wiseman 2011. "Breaking Gridlock: The Determinants of Health Policy Change in Congress. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 36(2): 227-64.
    • (2011) Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-264
    • Volden, C.1    Wiseman, A.E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.