Early executive function deficit in preterm children and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood: A literature review

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 291-299

  Sun, Jing ^a   Buys, Nicholas ^b  

^a GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

developmental disorders; executive function; full term infants; preterm infants

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMAN; INFANT; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEWBORN; PREMATURITY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84875883055     PISSN: 03340139     EISSN: 21910278     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/ijamh.2012.042     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Blondel B, Macfarlane A, Gissler M, Breart G, Zeitlin J, et al. Preterm birth and multiple pregnancy in European countries participating in the PERISTAT project. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2006;113:528-35.
2. Michikata K, Sameshima H, Sumiyoshi K, Kodama Y, Kaneko M, et al. Developmental changes in catecholamine requirement, volume load and corticosteroid supplementation in premature infants born at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation. Early Hum Dev 2010;86:401-5.
3. Ferrara TB, Hoekstra RE, Couser RJ, Gaziano EP, Calvin SE, et al. Survival and follow-up of infants born 23 to 26 weeks of gestational age: effects of surfactant therapy. J Pediatr 1994;124:119-24.
4. Arpino C, Compagnone E, Montanaro ML, Cacciatore D, Luca AD, et al. Preterm birth and neurodevelopmental outcome: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2010;26:1139-49.
5. McQuillen PS, Sheldon RA, Shatz CJ, Ferriero DA. Selective vulnerability of subplate neurons after early neonatal hypoxiaischemia. J Neurosci 2003;23:3308-15.
6. Adams-Chapman I. Neurodevelopmental outcome of the late preterm infant. Clin Perinatol 2006;33:947-64.
7. Marlow N, Hennessy EM, Bracewell MA, Wolke D. Motor and executive function at 6 years of age after extremely preterm birth. Pediatrics 2007;120:793-804.
8. Mulder H, Pitchford NJ, Marlow N. Processing speed and working memory underlie academic attainment in very preterm children. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2010;95:F267-72.
9. Huizinga M, Dolan CV, van der Molen MW. Age-related change in executive function: developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:2017-36.
10. Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol 2000;41:49-100.
11. Eslinger PJ, Biddle K, Pennington B, Page RB. Cognitive and behavioral development up to 4 years after early right frontal lobe lesion. Dev Neuropsychol 1999;15:157-91.
12. Aanoudse-Moens CSH, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Oosterlaan J. Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics 2009;124:717-28.
13. Volpe JJ. Brain injury in premature infants: a complex amalgam of destructive and developmental disturbances. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:110-24.
14. Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L, Hayashi KM, Greenstein D, et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:8174-9.
15. Huttenlocher PR. Synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. In: Dawson G, Fischer KW, editors. Human behavior and the developing brain. New York: The Guilford Press, 1994:137-52.
16. Chugani HT, Phelps ME. Imaging human brain development with positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 1990;32:23-5.
17. Sun J, Mohay H, O'Callaghan M. Executive function in preterm and full-term infants. Early Hum Dev 2009;85:225-30.
18. Diamond A, Doar B. The performance of human infants on a measure of frontal cortex function, the delayed response task. Dev Psychobiol 1989;22:271-94.
19. Piaget J. The construction of reality in the child. New York: Basic Books, 1954:203-4.
20. Diamond A, Kirkham N, Amso D. Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent response. Dev Psychol 2002;38:352-62.
21. Diamond A. Neuropsychological insights into the meaning of object concept development. In: Johnson MH, editor. Brain development and cognition: a reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1993:208-47.
22. Diamond A, Zola-Morgan S, Squire LR. Successful performance by monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal formation on AB and object retrieval, two tasks that mark developmental changes in human infants. Behav Neurosci 1989;103:526-37.
23. Diamond A. The development and neural bases of memory functions as indexed by the AB and delayed response tasks in human infants and infant monkeys. The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions: annals of the New York academy of sciences. New York: The New York Academy of Sciences, 1990:394-433.
24. Bell MA, Fox NA. The relations between frontal brain electrical activity and cognitive development during infancy. Child Dev 1992;63:1142-63.
25. Bell MA. Frontal lobe function during infancy: implications for the development of cognition and attention. In: Richards JE, editor. Cognitive neuroscience of attention: a developmental perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998: 287-316.
26. Diamond A, Prevor MB, Callender G, Druin DP. Prefrontal cortex cognitive deficits in children treated early and continuously for PKU. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 1997;62:1-205.
27. Diamond A, Goldman-Rakic PS. Comparative development of human infants and infant rhesus monkeys of cognitive functions that depend on the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychol Abstr 1986;12:274.
28. Lowe J, Duvall SW, MacLean PC, Caprihan A, Ohls R, et al. Comparison of structural magnetic resonance imaging and development in toddlers born very low birthweight and full term. J Child Neurol 2011;26:586-92.
29. Rennie JM. The immature brain. In: Rennie JM, editor. Neonatal cerebral ultrasound. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997:124.
30. Hamrick SEG, Miller SP, Leonard C, Glidden DV, Ramaswamy V, et al. Trends in severe brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcome in premature newborn infants: the role of cystic periventricular leukomalacia. J Pediatr 2004;145:593-9.
31. Roze E, Kerstjens JM, Ter Horst HJ, Maathuis CGB, Bos AF. Risk factors for adverse outcome in preterm infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. Pediatrics 2008;122:46-52.
32. Bassan H, Limperopoulos C, Visconti K, Mayer DL, Feldman HA, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction. Pediatrics 2007;120:785-92.
33. Brouwer A, Groenendaal F, van Haastert IL, Rademaker K, Hanlo P, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage and therapy for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. J Pediatr 2008;152:648-54.
34. Eslinger PJ, Grattan LM, Damasio H, Damasio AR. Developmental consequences of childhood frontal lobe damage. Arch Neurol 1992;49:764-9.
35. Scheibel RS, Levin HS. Frontal lobe dysfunction following closed head injury in children: findings from neuropsychology and brain imaging. In: Krasnegor NA, Lyon GR, Goldman-Rakic PS, editors. Development of the prefrontal cortex: evolution, neurobiology, and behavior. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes, 1997: 241-63.
36. Mateer CA, Williams D. Effects of frontal lobe injury in childhood. Dev Neuropsychol 1991;7:359-76.
37. Anderson SW, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR. Long-term sequelae of prefrontal cortex damage acquired in early childhood. Dev Neuropsychol 2000;18:281-90.
38. Mulder H, Pitchford NJ, Hagger MS, Marlow N. Development of executive function and attention in preterm children: a systematic review. Dev Neuropsychol 2009;34:393-421.
39. Espy KA, Kaufmann PM, McDiarmid MD, Glisky ML. Executive functioning in preschool children: performance on A-not-B and other delayed response format tasks. Brain Cogn 1999;41:178-99.
40. Swanson HL. What develops in working memory? A life span perspective. Dev Psychol 1999;35:986-1000.
41. Welsh MC, Pennington BF, Groisser DB. A normative developmental study of executive function: a window on prefrontal function in children. Dev Neuropsychol 1991;7:131-49.
42. Sun J, Buys N. Prefrontal lobe functioning and its relationship to working memory in preterm infants. Int J Child Adolesc Health 2011;4:13-7.
43. Gathercole SE, Pickering SJ. Working memory deficits in children with low achievements in the national curriculum at 7 years of age. Br J Educ Psychol 2000;70:177-94.
44. Prabhakaran V, Rypma B, Gabrieli JDE. Neural substrates of mathematical reasoning: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of neocortical activation during performance of the necessary arithmetic operations tests. Neuropsychology 2001;15:115-27.
45. Nation K, Adams JW, Bowyer-Crane CA, Snowling MJ. Working memory deficits in poor comprehenders reflect underlying language impairments. J Exp Child Psychol 1999;73: 139-58.
46. Vaughn BE, Kopp CB, Krakow JB. The emergence and consolidation of self-control from eighteen to thirty months of age: normative trends and individual differences. Child Dev 1984;55:990-1004.
47. Williams BR, Ponesse JS, Schachar RJ, Logan GD, Tannock R. Development of inhibitory control across the life span. Dev Psychol 1999;35:205-13.
48. Barkley RA. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull 1997;121:65-94.
49. Harvey JM, O'Callaghan MJ, Mohay H. Executive function of children with extremely low birthweight: a case control study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:292-7.
50. Bohm B, Katz-Salamon M, Smedler A, Lagercrantz H, Forssberg H. Developmental risks and protective factors for influencing cognitive outcome at 5 1/2 years of age in very-low-birthweight children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002;44: 508-16.
51. Katz KS, Dubowitz LM, Henderson S, Jongmans M, Kay GG, et al. Effect of cerebral lesions on continuous performance test responses of school age children born prematurely. J Pediatr Psychol 1996;21:841-55.
52. Schachar R, Mota VL, Logan GD, Tannock R, Klim P. Confirmation of an inhibitory control deficit in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2000;28: 227-35.
53. Pennington BF, Groisser D, Welsh MC. Contrasting cognitive deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder versus reading disability. Dev Psychol 1993;29:511-23.
54. Atkinson J, Braddick O. Visual and visuocognitive development in children born very prematurely. Prog Brain Res 2007;164:123-49.
55. Bayless S, Stevenson J. Executive functions in school-age children born very prematurely. Early Hum Dev 2007;84: 247-54.
56. Chen Z, Sanchez RP, Campbell T. From beyond to within their grasp: the rudiments of analogical problem solving in 10- and 13-month-olds. Dev Psychol 1997;33:790-801.
57. Bauer PJ, Schwade JA, Wewerka SS, Delaney K. Planning ahead: goal-directed problem solving by 2-year-olds. Dev Psychol 1999;35:1321-37.
58. Passler MA, Isaac W, Hynd GW. Neuropsychological development of behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Dev Neuropsychol 1985;1:349-70.
59. Hooper SR, Swartz CW, Wakely MB, de Kruif REL, Montgomery JW. Executive functions in elementary school children with and without problems in written expression. J Learn Disabil 2002;35:57-68.
60. Snow JH. Developmental patterns and use of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for children and adolescents with learning disabilities. Child Neuropsychol 1998;4:89-97.
61. Willatts P. Development of means-end behavior in young infants: pulling a support to retrieve a distant object. Dev Psychol 1999;35:651-67.
62. Scholnick EK, Friedman SL. Planning in context: developmental and situational considerations. Int J Behav Dev 1993;16:145-67.
63. Stuss DT, Eskes GA, Foster JK. Experimental neuropsychological studies of frontal lobe functions. In: Boller F, Spinnler H, Hendler JA, editors. Handbook of neuropsychology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994:149-85.
64. Keeler ML, Swanson HL. Does strategy knowledge influence working memory in children with mathematical disabilities? J Learn Disabil 2001;34:418-34.
65. Luciana M, Lindeke L, Georgieff M, Mills M, Nelson CA. Neurobehavioral evidence for working-memory deficits in school-aged children with histories of prematurity. Dev Med Child Neurol 1999;41:521-33.
66. Diamond A. Frontal lobe involvement in cognitive changes during the first year of life. In: Gibson KR, Peterson AC, editors. Brain maturation and cognitive development: comparative and cross-cultural perspectives foundations of human behavior. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1991:127-80.
67. Gilmore RO, Johnson MH. Working memory in infancy: six-month-olds' performance on two versions of the oculomotor delayed response task. J Exp Child Psychol 1995;59:397-418.
68. Diamond A. Development of the ability to use recall to guide action, as indicated by infants' performance on AB. Child Dev 1985;56:868-83.
69. Diamond A. Abilities and neural mechanisms underlying AB performance. Child Dev 1988;59:523-7.
70. McCall DD, Clifton RK. Infants' means-end search for hidden objects in the absence of visual feedback. Infant Behav Dev 1999; 22:179-95.
71. Butterworth G. Object disappearance and error in Piaget's stage IV task. J Exp Child Psychol 1977;23:391-401.
72. Diamond A, Werker JF, Lalonde C. Toward understanding commonalities in the development of object search, detour navigation, categorization, and speech perception. In: Dawson G, Fischer KW, editors. Human behavior and the developing brain. New York: The Guilford Press, 1994:380-426.
73. Willatts P, Rosie K. Thinking ahead: development of means-end planning in young infants. Infant Behav Dev 1992;15:769.
74. Willatts P, Rosie K, editors. Planning by 12-month-old infants. Annual Conference of the Society for Research in Child Development, Kansas City, MO, April 1989.
75. Lockman JJ, Pick HL. Problems of scale in spatial development. In: Sophian C, editor. Origins of cognitive skills. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1984:3-26.
76. McKenzie BE, Bigelow E. Detour behavior in young human infants. Br J Dev Psychol 1986;4:139-48.
77. Willatts P, editor. Development of means-end planning in the second year of life. International Conference on Infant Studies, Atlanta, GA, April 1998.