Survival of the weakest: Increased frond mechanical strength in a wave-swept kelp inhibits self-pruning and increases whole-plant mortality

Functional Ecology

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 439-445

  Demes, Kyle W ^a   Pruitt, Jonathan N ^b   Harley, Christopher D G ^a   Carrington, Emily ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomechanics; Egregia menziesii; Intertidal; Material properties

Indexed keywords

BIOMECHANICS; CONSPECIFIC; FITNESS; INHIBITION; INTERTIDAL ENVIRONMENT; INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION; KELP FOREST; MORTALITY; SELF THINNING; STORM SURGE; SURVIVORSHIP;

EGREGIA MENZIESII;

EID: 84875609034     PISSN: 02698463     EISSN: 13652435     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12067     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Agnarsson, I. & Blackledge, T.A. (2009) Can a spider web be too sticky? Tensile mechanics constrain the evolution of capture spiral stickiness in orb-weaving spiders. Journal of Zoology, 278, 134-140.
2. Bell, E. & Denny, M.W. (1994) Quantifying "wave exposure": a simple device for recording maximum velocity and results of its use at several field sites. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 181, 9-29.
3. Black, R. (1976) The effects of grazing by the limpet, Acmaea insessa, on the kelp, Egregia laevigata, in the intertidal zone. Ecology, 57, 265-277.
4. Blanchette, C.A. (1997) Size and survival of intertidal plants in response to wave action: a case study with Fucus gardneri. Ecology, 78, 1563-1578.
5. Blanchette, C.A., Miner, B.G. & Gaines, S.D. (2002) Geographic variability in form, size, and survival of Egregia menziesii around Point Conception, California. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 239, 69-82.
6. Boake, C.R.B. (1989) Repeatability: its role in evolutionary studies of mating behavior. Evolutionary Ecology, 3, 173-182.
7. Boller, M.L. & Carrington, E. (2006) The hydrodynamic effects of shape and size during reconfiguration of a flexible macroalga. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 1894-1903.
8. Boller, M.L. & Carrington, E. (2007) Interspecific comparison of hydrodynamic performance and structural properties among intertidal macroalgae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210, 1874-1884.
9. Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. J. Murray, London.
10. Demes, K.W., Graham, M.H. & Suskiewicz, T.S. (2009) Phenotypic plasticity reconciles incongruous morphology and molecular taxonomies: the giant kelp, Macrocystis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) is a monospecific genus. Journal of Phycology, 45, 1266-1269.
11. Demes, K.W., Carrington, E., Gosline, J. & Martone, P.T. (2011) Variation in anatomical and material properties explains differences in hydrodynamic performances of foliose red macroalgae (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 47, 1360-1367.
12. Denny, M.W. (1988) Biology and mechanics of the wave-swept environment. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
13. Denny, M.W. & Gaylord, B. (2002) The mechanics of wave-swept algae. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205, 1355-1362.
14. Dudgeon, S.R. & Johnson, A.S. (1992) Thick versus thin: thallus morphology and tissue mechanics influence differential drag and dislodgement of two co-dominant seaweeds. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 165, 23-43.
15. Falconer, D.S. & McKay, T.F. (1996) Introduction to quantitative genetics. Prentice Hall Longman, New York.
16. Harder, D.L., Speck, O., Hurd, C.L. & Speck, T. (2004) Reconfiguration as a prerequisite for survival in highly unstable flow-dominated habitats. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 23, 98-107.
17. Harley, C.D.G. & Bertness, M.D. (1996) Structural interdependence: an ecological consequence of morphological responses to crowding in marsh plants. Functional Ecology, 10, 654-661.
18. Husak, J.F. (2006) Does speed help you survive? A test with collared lizards of different ages. Functional Ecology, 20, 174-179.
19. Johnson, A.S. & Koehl, M.A.R. (1994) Maintenance of dynamic strain similarity and environmental stress factor in different flow habitats: thallus allometry and material properties of a giant kelp. Journal of Experimental Biology, 195, 381-410.
20. Kitzes, J.A. & Denny, M.W. (2005) Red algae respond to waves: morphological and mechanical variation in Mactocarpus papillatus along a gradient of force. Biological Bulletin, 208, 114-119.
21. Koehl, M.A.R. (1984) How do benthic organisms withstand moving water? American Zoologist, 24, 57-70.
22. Koehl, M.A.R. & Alberte, R.S. (1988) Flow, flapping, and photosynthesis of Nereocystis luetkeana: a functional comparison of undulate and flat blade morphologies. Marine Biology, 99, 435-444.
23. Koehl, M.A.R. & Wainwright, S.A. (1977) Adaptations of a giant kelp. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 1067-1071.
24. Koehl, M.A.R., Silk, W.K., Liang, H. & Mahadevan, L. (2008) How kelp produce blade shapes suited to different flow regimes: a new wrinkle. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 48, 834-851.
25. Kraemer, G. & Chapman, D.J. (1991) Biomechanics and alginic acid composition during hydrodynamic adaptation by Egregia menziesii (Phaeophyta) juveniles. Journal of Phycology, 27, 47-53.
26. Lowell, R.B., Markham, J.H. & Mann, K.H. (1991) Herbivore-like damage induces increased strength and toughness in a seaweed. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 243, 31-38.
27. Mach, K.J. (2009) Mechanical and biological consequences of repetitive loading: crack initiation and fatigue failure in the red macroalga Mazzaella. Journal of Experimental Biology, 212, 961-976.
28. Martone, P.T. (2007) Kelp versus coralline: cellular basis for mechanical strength in the wave-swept seaweed Calliathron (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 43, 882-891.
29. Pruitt, J.N. (2010) Differential selection on sprint speed and ad libitum feeding behaviour in active versus sit-and-wait foraging spiders. Functional Ecology, 24, 392-399.
30. Spatz, H.-C. & Bruechert, F. (2004) Basic biomechanics of self-supporting plants: wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree. Forest Ecology Management, 135, 33-44.
31. Vogel, S. (2003) Comparative biomechanics Life's physical world. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
32. Welch, B.L. (1951) On the comparison of several mean values: an alternative approach. Biometrika, 38, 330-336.