Still no evidence for the encoding variability hypothesis: A reply to Jang, Mickes, and Wixted (2012) and Starns, Rotello, and Ratcliff (2012)

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 304-312

  Koen, Joshua D ^a   Yonelinas, Andrew P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Dual process theory; Encoding variability; Recognition memory; Recollection; Signal detection theory

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; PHYSIOLOGY; RECALL; VISION;

ASSOCIATION LEARNING; HUMANS; MENTAL RECALL; VISUAL PERCEPTION; VOCABULARY;

EID: 84875498370     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0028462     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aly, M., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2012). Bridging consciousness and cognition in memory and perception: Evidence for both state and strength processes. PLoS ONE, 7, e30231. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030231
2. DeCarlo, L. T. (2010). On the statistical and theoretical basis of signaldetection theory and extensions: Unequal variance, random coefficient, and mixture models. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 54, 304-313. doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2010.01.001
3. Dunn, J. C. (2008). The dimensionality of the remember-know task: A state-trace analysis. Psychological Review, 115, 426-446. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.426
4. Egan, J. P. (1958). Recognition memory and the operating characteristic. United States Air Force Operational Applications Laboratory Technical Note, 58-51, ii, 32.
5. Green, D. M., & Swets, J. A. (1988). Signal detection theory and psychophysics (Rev. ed.). Los Altos, CA: Peninsula Publishing.
6. Gronlund, S. D., & Ratcliff, R. (1989). Time course of item and associative information: Implications for global memory models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 846-858. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.15.5.846
7. Jang, Y., Mickes, L., & Wixted, J. T. (2012). Three tests and three corrections: Comment on Koen and Yonelinas (2010). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 513- 523.
8. Kelley, R., & Wixted, J. R. (2001). On the nature of associative information in recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 701-722. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.27.3.701
9. Koen, J. D., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2010). Memory variability is due to the contribution of recollection and familiarity, not to encoding variability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 36, 1536-1542. doi:10.1037/a0020448
10. Koen, J. D., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2011). From humans to rats and back again: Bridging the divide between human and animal studies of recognition memory with receiver operating characteristics. Learning & Memory, 18, 519-522. doi:10.1101/lm.2214511
11. Lampinen, J. M., Watkins, K., & Odegard, T. N. (2006). Phantom ROC: Recollection rejection in a hybrid conjoint recognition signal detection model. Memory, 14, 655-671. doi:10.1080/09658210600648431
12. McElree, B., Dolan, P. O., & Jacoby, L. L. (1999). Isolating the contributions of familiarity and source information to item recognition: A time course analysis. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 563-582. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.3.563
13. Murdock, B. B. (1993). TODAM2: A model for the storage and retrieval of item, associative, and serial-order information. Psychological Review, 100, 183-203. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.100.2.183
14. Norman, K. A., & O'Reilly, R. C. (2003). Modeling hippocampal and neocortical contributions to recognition memory: A complementarylearning-systems approach. Psychological Review, 110, 611-646. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.110.4.611
15. Ratcliff, R., Sheu, C. F., & Gronlund, S. D. (1992). Testing global memory models using ROC curves. Psychological Review, 99, 518-535. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.518
16. Ratcliff, R., & Starns, J. J. (2009). Modeling confidence and response time in recognition memory. Psychological Review, 116, 59 - 83. doi: 10.1037/a0014086
17. Roediger, H. L., III, & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 803-814. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.21.4.803
18. Rotello, C. M., Macmillan, N. A., & Reeder, J. A. (2004). Sum-difference theory of remembering and knowing: A two-dimensional signaldetection model. Psychological Review, 111, 588-616. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.111.3.588
19. Rotello, C. M., Macmillan, N. A., Reeder, J. A., & Wong, M. (2005). The remember response: Subject to bias, graded, and not a process-pure indicator of recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 865-873. doi:10.3758/BF03196778
20. Sauvage, M. M., Beer, Z., & Eichenbaum, H. (2010). Recognition memory: Adding a response deadline eliminates recollection but spares familiarity. Learning & Memory, 17, 104-108. doi:10.1101/lm.1647710
21. Starns, J. J., Ratcliff, R., & McKoon, G. (2012). Evaluating the unequalvariability and dual-process explanations of zROC slopes with response time data and the diffusion model. Cognitive Psychology, 64, 1-34. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2011.10.002
22. Starns, J. J., Rotello, C. M., & Ratcliff, R. (2012). Mixing strong and weak targets provides no evidence against the unequal variance explanation of zROC slope: A comment on Koen and Yonelinas (2010). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38, 793-801.
23. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 26, 1-12. doi:10.1037/h0080017
24. Wixted, J. T. (2007). Dual-process theory and signal-detection theory of recognition memory. Psychological Review, 114, 152-176. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.114.1.152
25. Wixted, J. T., & Stretch, V. (2004). In defense of the signal-detection interpretation of remember/know judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 616-641. doi:10.3758/BF03196616
26. Yonelinas, A. P. (1994). Receiver-operating characteristics in recognition memory: Evidence for a dual-process model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 1341-1354. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.20.6.1341
27. Yonelinas, A. P. (1997). Recognition memory ROCs for item and associative information: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Memory & Cognition, 25, 747-763. doi:10.3758/BF03211318
28. Yonelinas, A. P. (1999). The contribution of recollection and familiarity to recognition and source-memory judgments: A formal dual-process model and an analysis of receiver operating characteristics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1415- 1434. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.6.1415
29. Yonelinas, A. P. (2001a). Components of episodic memory: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 356, 1363-1374. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0939
30. Yonelinas, A. P. (2001b). Consciousness, control, and confidence: The three Cs of recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 361-379. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.3.361
31. Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 441-517. doi:10.1006/jmla.2002.2864
32. Yonelinas, A. P., Aly, M., Wang, W. C., & Koen, J. D. (2010). Recollection and familiarity: Examining controversial assumptions and new directions. Hippocampus, 20, 1178-1194. doi:10.1002/hipo.20864
33. Yonelinas, A. P., & Jacoby, L. L. (1994). Dissociations of processes in recognition memory: Effects of interference and response speed. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale, 48, 516-535. doi:10.1037/1196-1961.48.4.516
34. Yonelinas, A. P., & Parks, C. M. (2007). Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) in recognition memory: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 800-832. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.800