Monitoring the cognitive effects of antiepileptic pharmacotherapy - approaching the individual patient

Epilepsy and Behavior

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 450-456

  Witt, Juri Alexander ^a   Helmstaedter, Christoph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BONN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Antiepileptic pharmacotherapy; Cognitive monitoring; Cognitive side effects; Neuropsychology; Therapy outcome

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BROMIDE; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOBAZAM; ETIRACETAM; FELBAMATE; GABAPENTIN; LAMOTRIGINE; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PHENYTOIN; TIAGABINE; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VIGABATRIN; ZONISAMIDE;

ANTICONVULSANT THERAPY; APTITUDE TEST; ATTENTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG MONITORING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTIC DISCHARGE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; MEMORY; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PATIENT MONITORING; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT;

ANTICONVULSANTS; COGNITION DISORDERS; EPILEPSY; HUMANS; PHARMACOGENETICS;

EID: 84875246526     PISSN: 15255050     EISSN: 15255069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.09.015     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Bootsma H.P., Ricker L., Hekster Y.A., et al. The impact of side effects on long-term retention in three new antiepileptic drugs. Seizure 2009, 18:327-331.
2. Kwan P., Sills G.J., Brodie M.J. The mechanisms of action of commonly used antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2001, 90:21-34.
3. Sankar R., Holmes G.L. Mechanisms of action for the commonly used antiepileptic drugs: relevance to antiepileptic drug-associated neurobehavioral adverse effects. J Child Neurol 2004, 19(Suppl. 1):S6-S14.
4. Loring D.W., Marino S., Meador K.J. Neuropsychological and behavioral effects of antiepilepsy drugs. Neuropsychol Rev 2007, 17:413-425.
5. Meador K.J. Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Can J Neurol Sci 1994, 21:S12-S16.
6. Ortinski P., Meador K.J. Cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2004, 5(Suppl. 1):S60-S65.
7. French J.A., Kanner A.M., Bautista J., et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs, I: treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the TTA and QSS subcommittees of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia 2004, 45:401-409.
8. Aldenkamp A.P., De Krom M., Reijs R. Newer antiepileptic drugs and cognitive issues. Epilepsia 2003, 44(Suppl. 4):21-29.
9. Park S.P., Hwang Y.H., Lee H.W., Suh C.K., Kwon S.H., Lee B.I. Long-term cognitive and mood effects of zonisamide monotherapy in epilepsy patients. Epilepsy Behav 2008, 12:102-108.
10. Aldenkamp A.P. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition. Epilepsia 2001, 42:46-51.
11. Kwan P., Brodie M.J. Neuropsychological effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Lancet 2001, 357:216-222.
12. Park S.P., Kwon S.H. Cognitive effects of antiepileptic drugs. J Clin Neurol 2008, 4:99-106.
13. Reijs R., Aldenkamp A., Dekrom M. Mood effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2004, 5:66-76.
14. Krauss G.L. Evaluating risks for vigabatrin treatment. Epilepsy Curr 2009, 9:125-129.
15. Harden C.L., Meador K.J., Pennell P.B., et al. Management issues for women with epilepsy-focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): II. teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia 2009, 50:1237-1246.
16. Holmes G.L., Harden C., Liporace J., Gordon J. Postnatal concerns in children born to women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2007, 11:270-276.
17. Meador K.J., Baker G.A., Browning N., et al. Cognitive function at 3years of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:1597-1605.
18. Helmstaedter C., Witt J.A. Clinical neuropsychology in epilepsy: theoretical and practical issues. Handbook of clinical neurology: epilepsy 2012, 437-459. Elsevier. W. Theodore, H. Stefan (Eds.).
19. Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C., Kurthen M. Chronic epilepsy and cognition. Lancet Neurol 2004, 3:663-672.
20. Meador K.J., Gilliam F.G., Kanner A.M., Pellock J.M. Cognitive and behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2001, 2:SS1-SS17.
21. Helmstaedter C., Witt J.A. Neuropsychology in epilepsy part I: cognitive impairments in focal epilepsies. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009, 77:639-645.
22. Taylor J., Kolamunnage-Dona R., Marson A.G., Smith P.E., Aldenkamp A.P., Baker G.A. Patients with epilepsy: cognitively compromised before the start of antiepileptic drug treatment?. Epilepsia 2010, 51:48-56.
23. Witt J.A., Helmstaedter C. Should cognition be screened in new-onset epilepsies? A study in 247 untreated patients. J Neurol 2012, 259:1727-1731.
24. Witt J.A., Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C. Impaired verbal fluency under topiramate - evidence for synergistic negative effects of epilepsy, topiramate, and polytherapy. Eur J Neurol 2012, [epub ahead of print] http://10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03814.x.
25. Hall K.E., Isaac C.L., Harris P. Memory complaints in epilepsy: an accurate reflection of memory impairment or an indicator of poor adjustment? A review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2009, 29:354-367.
26. Helmstaedter C., Elger C.E. Behavioral markers for self- and other-attribution of memory: a study in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and healthy volunteers. Epilepsy Res 2000, 41:235-243.
27. Gleissner U., Helmstaedter C., Quiske A., Elger C.E. The performance-complaint relationship in patients with epilepsy: a matter of daily demands?. Epilepsy Res 1998, 32:401-409.
28. Fritz N., Glogau S., Hoffmann J., Rademacher M., Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C. Efficacy and cognitive side effects of tiagabine and topiramate in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2005, 6:373-381.
29. Witt J.A., Glöckner C., Helmstaedter C. Extended retention intervals can help to bridge the gap between subjective and objective memory impairment. Seizure 2012, 21:134-140.
30. Hoppe C., Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C. Long-term memory impairment in patients with focal epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007, 48(Suppl. 9):26-29.
31. Marino S.E., Meador K.J., Loring D.W., et al. Subjective perception of cognition is related to mood and not performance. Epilepsy Behav 2009, 14:459-464.
32. Aldenkamp A.P., van Meel H.F., Baker G.A., Brooks J., Hendriks M.P. The A-B neuropsychological assessment schedule (ABNAS): the relationship between patient-perceived drug related cognitive impairment and results of neuropsychological tests. Seizure 2002, 11:231-237.
33. Brooks J., Baker G.A., Aldenkamp A.P. The A-B neuropsychological assessment schedule (ABNAS): the further refinement of a patient-based scale of patient-perceived cognitive functioning. Epilepsy Res 2001, 43:227-237.
34. Baker G., Frances P., Middleton E. Initial development, reliability, and validity of a patient-based adverse events scale. Epilepsia 1994, 35:80.
35. Salinsky M.C., Storzbach D. The Portland Neurotoxicity Scale: validation of a brief self-report measure of antiepileptic-drug-related neurotoxicity. Assessment 2005, 12:107-117.
36. Gillham R., Baker G., Thompson P., et al. Standardisation of a self-report questionnaire for use in evaluating cognitive, affective and behavioural side-effects of anti-epileptic drug treatments. Epilepsy Res 1996, 24:47-55.
37. Gillham R., Bryant-Comstock L., Kane K. Validation of the side effect and life satisfaction (SEALS) inventory. Seizure 2000, 9:458-463.
38. Seidenberg M., Haltiner A., Taylor M.A., Hermann B.B., Wyler A. Development and validation of a multiple ability self-report questionnaire. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1994, 16:93-104.
39. Martin R., Griffith H.R., Sawrie S., Knowlton R., Faught E. Determining empirically based self-reported cognitive change: development of reliable change indices and standardized regression-based change norms for the multiple abilities self-report questionnaire in an epilepsy sample. Epilepsy Behav 2006, 8:239-245.
40. Aldenkamp A.P. Cognitive effects of topiramate, gabapentin, and lamotrigine in healthy young adults. Neurology 2000, 54:271-272.
41. Dodrill C.B., Temkin N.R. Motor speed is a contaminating factor in evaluating the "cognitive" effects of phenytoin. Epilepsia 1989, 30:453-457.
42. Dodrill C.B., Troupin A.S. Neuropsychological effects of carbamazepine and phenytoin: a reanalysis. Neurology 1991, 41:141-143.
43. Baron I.S. Neuropsychological evaluation of the child 2004, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
44. Lezak M.D., Howieson D.B., Loring D.W., Hannay H.J., Fischer J.S. Neuropsychological assessment 2004, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
45. Strauss E., Sherman E.M., Spreen O. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary 2006, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
46. Drechsler R., Heinemann D., Schelling D., Sturm W. Handbuch neuropsychologischer Testverfahren 1: Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis und exekutive Funktionen 2009, Hogrefe-Verlag.
47. Baker G.A., Hesdon B., Marson A.G. Quality-of-life and behavioral outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of methodology and reporting standards. Epilepsia 2000, 41:1357-1363.
48. Baker G.A., Marson A.G. Cognitive and behavioural assessments in clinical trials: what type of measure?. Epilepsy Res 2001, 45:163-167. [discussion 169-70].
49. Cochrane H.C., Marson A.G., Baker G.A., Chadwick D.W. Neuropsychological outcomes in randomized controlled trials of antiepileptic drugs: a systematic review of methodology and reporting standards. Epilepsia 1998, 39:1088-1097.
50. Jones-Gotman M., Smith M.L., Zatorre R.J. Neuropsychological testing for localizing and lateralizing the epileptogenic region. Surgical treatment of the epilepsies 1993, 245-262. Raven Press, New York. J. Engel (Ed.).
51. Djordjevic J., Jones-Gotman M. Inquiry on assessments across epilepsy centers in different countries. Neuropsychology in the care of people with epilepsy 2011, 13-26. John Libbey Eurotext. C. Helmstaedter, B. Hermann, P. Kahane, A. Arzimanoglou (Eds.).
52. Witt J.A., Helmstaedter C. Neuropsychology in epilepsy part II: towards an establishment of diagnostic guidelines. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009, 77:691-698.
53. Witt J.A., Helmstaedter C. A survey on neuropsychological practice in German-speaking epilepsy centers. Neuropsychology in the care of people with epilepsy 2011, 27-32. John Libbey Eurotext. C. Helmstaedter, B. Hermann, P. Kahane, A. Arzimanoglou (Eds.).
54. Gillham R. Discussion: cognitive and behavioural assessments in clinical trials: what type of study? - What type of measure?. Epilepsy Res 2001, 45:169-170.
55. Loring D.W., Hermann B.P. Neuropsychology and the Epilepsy Common Data Elements Project. Neuropsychology in the care of people with epilepsy 2011, 59-65. John Libbey Eurotext. C. Helmstaedter, B. Hermann, P. Kahane, A. Arzimanoglou (Eds.).
56. Helmstaedter C., Lutz M. EpiTrack, Veränderungssensitives kognitives Screening zur Qualitäts- und Outcomekontrolle der Epilepsiebehandlung 2005, UCB GmbH, Kerpen.
57. Lutz M.T., Helmstaedter C. EpiTrack: tracking cognitive side effects of medication on attention and executive functions in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2005, 7:708-714.
58. Witt J.A., Helmstaedter C. The impact of antiepileptic drug treatment on attention and executive functions. Epilepsia 2010, 51:20.
59. Helmstaedter C., Witt J.A. The effects of levetiracetam on cognition: a non-interventional surveillance study. Epilepsy Behav 2008, 13:642-649.
60. Helmstaedter C., Witt J.A. Cognitive outcome of antiepileptic treatment with levetiracetam versus carbamazepine monotherapy: a non-interventional surveillance trial. Epilepsy Behav 2010, 18:74-80.
61. Helmstaedter C., Schoof K., Rossmann T., Reuner G., Karlmeier A., Kurlemann G. Introduction and first validation of EpiTrack Junior, a screening tool for the assessment of cognitive side effects of antiepileptic medication on attention and executive functions in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2010, 19:55-64.
62. Dodrill C.B. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on abilities. J Clin Psychiatry 1988, 49:31-34. [Suppl.].
63. Aldenkamp A.P., Alpherts W.C., Diepman L., van't Slot B., Overweg J., Vermeulen J. Cognitive side-effects of phenytoin compared with carbamazepine in patients with localization-related epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1994, 19:37-43.
64. Aldenkamp A.P., Arends J., Bootsma H.P., et al. Randomized double-blind parallel-group study comparing cognitive effects of a low-dose lamotrigine with valproate and placebo in healthy volunteers. Epilepsia 2002, 43:19-26.
65. Fliessbach K., Hoppe C., Schlegel U., Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C. NeuroCogFX - a computer-based neuropsychological assessment battery for the follow-up examination of neurological patients. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2006, 74:643-650.
66. Hoppe C., Fliessbach K., Schlegel U., Elger C.E., Helmstaedter C. NeuroCog FX: computerized screening of cognitive functions in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2009, 16:298-310.
67. Fliessbach K., Rogowski S., Hoppe C., et al. Computer-based assessment of cognitive functions in brain tumor patients. J Neurooncol 2010, 100:427-437.
68. Flechl B., Ackerl M., Sax C., et al. Neurocognitive and sociodemographic functioning of glioblastoma long-term survivors. J Neurooncol 2012, 109(2):331-339.
69. Klinke I., Minnerop M., Schmitz-Hubsch T., et al. Neuropsychological features of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, and 6. Cerebellum 2010, 9:433-442.
70. Minnerop M., Weber B., Schoene-Bake J.C., et al. The brain in myotonic dystrophy 1 and 2: evidence for a predominant white matter disease. Brain 2011, 134:3530-3546.
71. Chung S.S., McEvoy L.K., Smith M.E., Gevins A., Meador K., Laxer K.D. Task-related EEG and ERP changes without performance impairment following a single dose of phenytoin. Clin Neurophysiol 2002, 113:806-814.
72. Meador K.J., Gevins A., Leese P.T., Otoul C., Loring D.W. Neurocognitive effects of brivaracetam, levetiracetam, and lorazepam. Epilepsia 2011, 52:264-272.
73. Meador K.J., Gevins A., Loring D.W., et al. Neuropsychological and neurophysiologic effects of carbamazepine and levetiracetam. Neurology 2007, 69:2076-2084.
74. Smith M.E., Gevins A., McEvoy L.K., Meador K.J., Ray P.G., Gilliam F. Distinct cognitive neurophysiologic profiles for lamotrigine and topiramate. Epilepsia 2006, 47:695-703.
75. Hessen E., Lossius M.I., Reinvang I., Gjerstad L. Influence of major antiepileptic drugs on attention, reaction time, and speed of information processing: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study of seizure-free epilepsy patients receiving monotherapy. Epilepsia 2006, 47:2038-2045.
76. Cutler N.R., Shrotriya R.C., Sramek J.J., et al. The use of the Computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) in an efficacy and safety trial of BMY 21,502 in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993, 695:332-336.
77. Veroff A.E., Cutler N.R., Sramek J.J., Prior P.L., Mickelson W., Hartman J.K. A new assessment tool for neuropsychopharmacologic research: the Computerized Neuropsychological Test Battery. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991, 4:211-217.
78. Loring D.W., Williamson D.J., Meador K.J., Wiegand F., Hulihan J. Topiramate dose effects on cognition: a randomized double-blind study. Neurology 2011, 76:131-137.
79. Wild K., Howieson D., Webbe F., Seelye A., Kaye J. Status of computerized cognitive testing in aging: a systematic review. Alzheimers Dement 2008, 4:428-437.
80. Salinsky M., Storzbach D., Munoz S. Cognitive effects of pregabalin in healthy volunteers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2010, 74:755-761.
81. Salinsky M.C., Storzbach D., Spencer D.C., Oken B.S., Landry T., Dodrill C.B. Effects of topiramate and gabapentin on cognitive abilities in healthy volunteers. Neurology 2005, 64:792-798.
82. Hermann B.P., Seidenberg M., Schoenfeld J., Peterson J., Leveroni C., Wyler A.R. Empirical techniques for determining the reliability, magnitude, and pattern of neuropsychological change after epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 1996, 37:942-950.
83. Sherman E.M., Wiebe S., Fay-McClymont T.B., et al. Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: systematic review and pooled estimates. Epilepsia 2011, 52:857-869.
84. Acobson N.S., Truax P. Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. J Consult Clin Psychol 1991, 59:12-19.
85. Grawe K., Braun U. Qualitätskontrolle in der Psychotherapiepraxis. Z Klin Psychol 1994, 23:242-267.
86. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences 1988, Academic, New York.
87. Helmstaedter C., Dröge F., Witt J.A. "Activities of daily living" in epilepsy - a worthwhile diagnostic supplement?. Eur J Neurol 2011, 18:172.
88. Gilliam F.G., Fessler A.J., Baker G., Vahle V., Carter J., Attarian H. Systematic screening allows reduction of adverse antiepileptic drug effects: a randomized trial. Neurology 2004, 62:23-27.
89. Spina E., Perugi G. Antiepileptic drugs: indications other than epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2004, 6:57-75.
90. Hermann B., Seidenberg M., Jones J. The neurobehavioural comorbidities of epilepsy: can a natural history be developed?. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7:151-160.
91. Lendt M., Helmstaedter C., Kuczaty S., Schramm J., Elger C.E. Behavioural disorders in children with epilepsy: early improvement after surgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 69:739-744.
92. Witt J.A., Hollmann K., Helmstaedter C. The impact of lesions and epilepsy on personality and mood in patients with symptomatic epilepsy: a pre- to postoperative follow-up study. Epilepsy Res 2008, 82:139-146.