Highly Toxic Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix simula Containing Tetrodotoxin in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan

Toxins

Volumn 5, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 376-395

  Asakawa, Manabu ^a   Ito, Katsutoshi ^b   Kajihara, Hiroshi ^c  

^a HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b FISHERIES RESEARCH AGENCY   (Japan)

^c HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Cephalothrix simula; ESI MS; GC MS; Hiroshima Bay; HPLC FLD; IR; NMR; Ribbon worm; Tetrodotoxin

Indexed keywords

TETRODOTOXIN;

BIOASSAY; CEPHALOTHRIX SIMULA; CHRONIC TOXICITY; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFRARED SPECTROMETRY; JAPAN; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; NEMERTEA; NONHUMAN; ORGANISMS BY GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; PROTON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; REVIEW; SEASONAL VARIATION; TOXICITY TESTING; TOXIN ANALYSIS; TOXIN STRUCTURE;

ANIMALS; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; BAYS; INVERTEBRATES; JAPAN; MALE; MICE; TETRODOTOXIN;

EID: 84875239789     PISSN: 20726651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/toxins5020376     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Gibson, R. Nemerteans; Hutchinson: London, UK, 1972; p. 224.
2. Kajihara, H.; Chernyshev, A.V.; Sun, S.-C.; Sundberg, P.; Crandall, F.B. Checklist of nemertean genera and species published between 1995 and 2007. Species Divers. 2008, 13, 245-274.
3. Thollesson, M.; Norenburg, J.L. Ribbon worm relationships: A phylogeny of the phylum Nemertea. Proc. Biol. Sci. 2003, 270, 407-414.
4. Andrade, S.C.S.; Strand, M.; Schwartz, M.; Chen, H.-X.; Kajihara, H.; von Döhren, J.; Sun, S.-C.; Junoy, J.; Thiel, M.; Norenburg, J.L.; et al. Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: Multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification of the phylum Nemertea. Cladistics 2012, 28, 141-159.
5. Kajihara, H. A taxonomic catalogue of Japanese nemerteans (phylum Nemertea). Zoolog. Sci. 2007, 24, 287-326.
6. McDermott, J.J.; Roe, P. Food, feeding behavior and feeding ecology of nemerteans. Amer. Zool. 1985, 25, 113-125.
7. Christy, J.H.; Goshima, S.; Backwell, P.R.Y.; Kreuter, T.J. Nemertean predation on the tropical fiddler crab Uca musica. Hydrobiologia 1998, 365, 233-239.
8. Thiel, M.; Kruse, I. Status of the Nemertea as predators in marine ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 2001, 456, 21-32.
9. Thiel, M.; Ullrich, N.; Vásquez, N. Predation rates of nemertean predators: The case of a rocky shore hoplonemertean feeding on amphipods. Hydrobiologia 2001, 456, 45-57.
10. Bourque, D.; Miron, G.; Landry, T. Predation on soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) by the nemertean Cerebratulus lacteus in Atlantic Canada: Implications for control measures. Hydrobiologia 2001, 456, 33-44.
11. Bourque, G.; Miron, G.; Landry, T. Predator-prey relationship between the nemertean Cerebratulus lacteus and the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria: Surface-exploration activity and qualitative observations on feeding behaviour. Can. J. Zool. 2002, 80, 1204-1211.
12. Heine, J.N.; McClintock, J.B.; Slattery, M.; Weston, J. Energetic composition, biomass, and chemical defense in the common antarctic nemertean Parborlasia corrugatus McIntosh. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1991, 153, 15-25.
13. Bacq, Z.M. Les poisons des Nemertiens. Bull. Cl. Sci. Acad. R. Belg. 1936, 22, 1072-1079.
14. Bacq, Z.M. L"amphiporine' et la 'némertine', poisons des vers némertiens. Arch. Int. Physiol. 1937, 44, 190-204.
15. Kem, W.R. A study of occurrence of anabaseine in Paranemertes and other nemertines. Toxicon 1971, 9, 23-32.
16. Kem, W.R. Biochemistry of nemertines toxins. In Marine Pharmacognosy. Action of Marine Biotoxins at the Cellular Level, Martin, D.F., Padilla, G.M., Eds.; Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1973; pp. 37-84.
17. Kem, W.R. Structure and action of nemertine toxins. Amer. Zool. 1985, 25, 99-111
18. Kem, W.R.; Scott, K.N.; Duncan, J.H. Hoplonemertine worms-A new source of pyridine neurotoxins. Experientia 1976, 32, 684-686.
19. Kem, W.R. Pyridine alkaloid distribution in the hoplonemertines. Hydrobiologia 1988, 156, 145-151.
20. Turbeville, J.M.; Ruppert, E.E. Comparative ultrastructure and the evolution of nemertines. Amer. Zool. 1985, 25, 53-71.
21. Turbeville, J.M. An ultrastructural analysis of coelomogenesis in the hoplonemertine Prosorhochmus americanus and the polychaete Magelona sp. J. Morphol. 1986, 187, 51-60.
22. Gontcharoff, M. Note sur l'alimentation de quelques némertes. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1948, 10, 75-78.
23. Jennings, J.B.; Gibson, R. Observations on the nutrition of seven species of rhynchocoelan worms. Biol. Bull. 1969, 136, 405-433.
24. McDermott, J.J. The feeding biology of Nipponnemerte pulcher (Johnston) (Hoplonemertea), with some ecological implications. Ophelia 1984, 23, 1-21.
25. Wang, H.-Y.; Sun, S.-C.; Li, Q.-L. Laboratory observations on the feeding behavior and feeding rate of the nemertean Procephalothrix simulus. Biol. Bull. 2008, 214, 166-175.
26. Asakawa, M.; Toyoshima, T.; Shida, Y.; Noguchi, T.; Miyazawa, K. Paralytic toxins in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertean) adherent to cultured oysters in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Toxicon 2000, 38, 763-773.
27. Asakawa, M.; Toyoshima, T.; Ito, K.; Bessho, K.; Yamaguchi, C.; Tsunetsugu, S.; Shida, Y.; Kajihara, H.; Mawatari, S.F.; Noguchi, T.; Miyazawa, K. Paralytic toxicity in the ribbon worm Cephalothrix species (Nemertea) in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan and the isolation of tetrodotoxin as a main component of its toxins. Toxicon 2003, 41, 747-733.
28. Kawabata, T. Assay Method for Tetrodotoxin. In Food Hygiene Examination Manual; Kawabata, T., Ed.; Japanese Food Hygiene Association: Tokyo, Japan, 1978; Volume 2, pp. 232-239.
29. Miyzawa, K.; Higashiyama, M.; Ito, K.; Noguchi, T.; Arakawa, O.; Shida, Y.; Hashimoto, K. Tetrodotoxin in two species of ribbon worm (Nemertini), Lineus fuscoviridis and Tubulanus punctatus. Toxicon 1988, 26, 897-864.
30. Ali, A.E.; Arakawa, O.; Noguchi, T.; Miyazawa, K.; Shida, Y.; Hashimoto, K. Tetrodotoxin and related substances in a ribbon worm Cephalothrix linearis (Nemertean). Toxincon 1990, 28, 1083-1093.
31. Asakawa, M.; Gomez-Delan, G.; Tsuruda, S.; Shimomura, M.; Shida, Y.; Taniyama, T.; Barte-Quilantang, M.; Shindo, J. Toxicity assessment of the xanthid crab Demania cultripes from Cebu Island, Philippines. J. Toxicol. 2010, doi:10.1155/2010/172367.
32. Noguchi, T.; Mahmud, Y. Current methodologies for detection of tetrodotoxin. Toxin Rev. 2001, 20, 35-50.
33. Goto, T.; Kishi, Y.; Takahashi, S.; Hirata, Y. Tetrodotoxin. Tetrahedron 1965, 21, 2059-2088.
34. Narita, H.; Noguchi, T.; Maruyama, J.; Ueda, Y.; Hashimoto, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Hida, K. Occurrence of tetrodo toxin in a trumpet shell, 'boshubora' Charonia sauliae. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 1981, 47, 935-941.
35. Maruyama, J.; Noguchi, T.; Matsunaga, S.; Hashimoto, K. Fast atom bombardment-and secondary ion-mass spectrometry of paralytic shellfish poisons and tetrodotoxin. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1984, 48, 2783-2788.
36. Nagashima, Y.; Nishio, S.; Noguchi, T.; Arakawa, O.; Kanoh, S.; Hashimoto, K. Detection of tetrodotoxin by thin-layer chromatography/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 1988, 175, 258-262.
37. Tsuda, K.; Ikuma, S.; Kawamura M.; Tachikawa, R.; Sakai, K.; Tamura, C.; Amakasu, O. Tetrodotoxin. VII. On the structures of tetrodotoxin and its derivatives. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1964, 12, 1357-1374.
38. Kim, Y.-H.; Brown, G.B.; Mosher, H.S.; Furman, F.A. Tetrodotoxin: Occurrence in atelopid frogs of Costa Rica. Science 1975, 189, 151-152.
39. Sheumack, D.D.; Howden, M.E.; Spence, H.I.; Quinn, R.J. Maculotoxin: A neurotoxin from the venom glands of the octopus Hapalochlaena maculosa identified as tetrodotoxin. Science 1978, 199, 188-189.
40. Hashimoto, Y. Nemertine Toxins. In Marine Toxins and Other Bioactive Metabolites; Hashimoto, Y., Ed.; Japan Scientific Societies Press: Tokyo, Japan, 1979; pp. 298-302.
41. Kawatsu, K.; Hamano, Y.; Yoda, T.; Terano, Y.; Shibata, T. Rapid and high sensitive enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of tetrodotoxin. Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 1997, 50, 133-150.
42. Tanu, M.B.; Mahmud, Y.; Arakawa, O.; Takatani, T.; Kajihara, H.; Kawatsu, K.; Hamano, Y.; Asakawa, M.; Miyazawa, K.; Noguchi, Y. Immunoenzymatic visualization of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Cephalothrix species (Nemertea: Anopla: Palaeonemertea: Cephalotrichidae) and Planocera reticulata (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Polycladida: Planoceridae). Toxicon 2004, 44, 515-520.
43. Asakawa, M.; Kajihara, H. Toxicity of Several Species of Ribbon Worms in the Coastal Area of Japan. In Proceedings of Program and Abstracts in the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, Autumn Meeting, Kyoto, Japan, 22-25 September 2010; p. 91.
44. Noguchi, T.; Jeon, J.-K.; Arakawa, O.; Sugita, H.; Deguchi, Y.; Hashimoto, K. Occurrence of tetrodootxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin in Vibrio sp. isolated from the intestines of a xanthid crab, Atergatis floridus. J. Biochem. 1986, 99, 311-314.
45. Noguchi, T.; Hwang, D.F.; Arakawa, O.; Sugita, H.; Deguchi, Y.; Hashimoto, K. Vibrio alginolyticus, a tetrodotoxin-producing bacterium, in the intestines of the puffer Fugu vermicularis vermicularis. Mar. Biol. 1987, 94, 625-630
46. Asakawa, M.; Tsunetsugu, S.; Ito, K.; Shida, Y.; Miyazawa, K. Tetrodotoxin-Producing Ability of Bacteria Isolated from the Ribbon Worm Cephalothrix sp. (Nemertea) in Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. In Proceedings of 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant & Microbial Toxins, Aderade, Australia, 2003; p.110.
47. McEvoy, E.G.; Rogers, A.; Gibson, R. Preliminary investigation of Vibrio alginolyticus-like bacteria associated with marine nemerteans. Hydrobiologia 1998, 365, 287-290.
48. Carrol, S.; McEvoy, E.G.; Gibson, R. The production of tetrodotoxin-like substances by nemertean worms in conjunction with bacteris. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2003, 288, 51-63.
49. Mosher, H.S.; Fuhrman, F.A.; Buchwald, H.D.; Fisher, H.G. Tarichatoxin-tetrodotoxin: A potent neurotoxin. Science 1964, 144, 1100.
50. Noguchi, T.; Hashimoto, Y. Isolation of tetrodotoxin from a goby Gobius criniger. Toxicon 1973, 11, 305-307.
51. Pires, O.R., Jr.; Sebben, A.; Schwartz, E.F.; Morales, C.; Bloch, C., Jr.; Schwartz, C.A. Further report of the occurrence of tetrodotoxin and new analogues in the anuran family Brachycephalidae. Toxicon 2005, 45, 73-79.
52. Williams, B.L.; Caldwell, R.L. Intra-organismal distribution of tetrodotoxin in two species of blue-ringed octopuses (Hapalochlaena fasciata and H. lunulata). Toxicon 2009, 54, 345-353.
53. Noguchi, T.; Maruyama, J.; Ueda, Y.; Hashimoto, K.; Harada, T. Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the Japanese ivory shell Babylonia japonica. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 1981, 47, 909-913.
54. Noguchi, T.; Maruyama, J.; Narita, H.; Hashimoto, K. Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the gastropod mollusk Tutufa lissostoma (frog shell). Toxicon 1984, 22, 219-226.
55. McNabb, P.; Selwood, A.I.; Munday, R.; Wood, S.A.; Taylor, D.I.; Mackenzie, L.A.; Ginkel, R.V.; Rhodes, L.L.; Cornelisen, C.; Heasman, K.; et al. Detection of tetrodotoxin from the grey side-gilled sea slug-Pleurobranchaea maculate, and associated dog neurotoxicosis on beaches adjacent to the Hauraki Gulf, Auckland, New Zealand. Toxicon 2010, 56, 466-473.
56. Noguchi, T.; Narita, H.; Maruyama, J.; Hashimoto, K. Tetrodotoxin in the starfish Astropecten polyacanthus, in association with toxification of a trumpet shell, "boshubora" Charonia sauliae. Nippon Suisann Gakkaishi 1982, 48, 1173-1177.
57. Noguchi, T.; Uzu, A.; Koyama, K.; Hashimoto, K. Occurrence of tetrodotoxin as the major toxin in a xanthid crab Atergatis floridus. Nippon Suisann Gakkaishi 1983, 49, 1887-1892.
58. Yasumura, D.; Oshima, Y.; Yasumoto, T.; Alcala, A.C. Tetrodotoxin and paralytic shellfish toxins in Philippine crabs. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1986, 50, 593-598.
59. Jeon, J.K.; Miyazawa, K.; Noguchi, T.; Narita, H.; Ito, K.; Hashimoto, K. Occurrence of paralytic toxicity in marine flatworm. Nippon Suisann Gakkaishi 1986, 52, 1065-1069.
60. Miyazawa, K.; Jeon, J.K.; Maruyama, J.; Noguchi, T.; Ito, K.; Hashimoto, K. Occurrence of tetrodotoxin in the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata. Toxicon 1986, 24, 645-650.
61. Miyazawa, K.; Jeon, J.K.; Maruyama, J.; Noguchi, T.; Ito, K.; Hashimoto, K. Distribution of tetrodotoxin in the tissues of the flatworm Planocera multitentaculata (Platyhelminthes). Toxicon 1987, 25, 975-980.
62. Kungswan, A.; Nagashima, Y.; Noguchi, T.; Shida, Y.; Suvapeepan, S.; Suwansakornkul, P.; Hashimoto, K. Tetrodotoxin in the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda inhabiting Thailand. Nippon Suisann Gakkaishi 1987, 53, 261-266.
63. Thuesen, E.V.; Kogure, K.; Hashimoto, K.; Nemoto, T. Poisonous arrowworms: A tetrodotoxin venom in the marine phylum Chaetognatha. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1988, 116, 249-256.
64. Kems, W.R. Structure and membrane actions of a marine worm protein cytolysin, Cerebratulus toxin A-III. Toxicology 1994, 87, 189-203.