The psychological costs of knowledge specialization in groups: Unique expertise leaves you out of the loop

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Volumn 121, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 174-182

  Jones, Eric E ^a   Kelly, Janice R ^b  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cross functional teams; Groups; Information sharing; Ostracism; Out of the loop

Indexed keywords

EID: 84875236918     PISSN: 07495978     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.02.002     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ancona D., Bresman H., Caldwell D. The X-factor: Six steps to leading high-performing X-teams. Organizational Dynamics 2009, 38:217-224. 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2009.04.003.
2. Ancona D.G., Caldwell D.F. Bridging the boundary: External activity and performance in organizational teams. Administrative Science Quarterly 1992, 37:634-665. 10.2307/2393475.
3. Ancona D.G., Caldwell D.F. Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organization Science 1992, 3:321-341. 10.1287/orsc.3.3.321.
4. Bales R.F. Personality and interpersonal behavior 1970, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.
5. Bass B.M. An analysis of the leaderless group discussion. Journal of Applied Psychology 1949, 33:527-533. 10.1037/h0058164.
6. Bavelas A., Hastorf A.H., Gross A.E., Kite W.R. Experiments on the alteration of group structure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1965, 1:55-70. 10.1016/0022-1031(65)90036-3.
7. Burroughs W., Schultz W., Autrey S. Quality of argument, leadership votes, and eye contact in three-person leaderless groups. Journal of Social Psychology 1973, 90:89-93.
8. Carretta T.R., Moreland R.L. The direct and indirect effects of inadmissible evidence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1983, 13:291-309. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1983.tb01741.x.
9. Carter-Sowell A.R., Wesselmann E.D., Wirth J.H., Law A.T., Chen Z., Kosasij M.W., et al. Strides for belonging trump strides for superiority: Effects of being ostracized for being superior or inferior to the others. The Journal of Individual Psychology 2010, 66:68-92.
10. Chernyak N., Zayas V. Being excluded by one means being excluded by all: Perceiving exclusion from inclusive others during one-person social exclusion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2010, 46:582-585. 10.1016/j.jesp. 2010.01.004.
11. Choi J.N. External activities and team effectiveness: Review and theoretical development. Small Group Research 2002, 33:181-208. 10.1177/104649640203300202.
12. Clark H.H., Brennan S.E. Grounding in communication. Perspectives on socially shared cognition 1991, 127-149. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, doi: 10.1037/10096-006. L. Resnick, J. Levine, S.D. Teasley (Eds.).
13. Ferris D.L., Brown D.J., Berry J.W., Lian H. The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology 2008, 93:1348-1366. 10.1037/a0012743.
14. Franz T.M., Larson J.R. The impact of experts on information sharing during group discussion. Small Group Research 2002, 33:383-411. 10.1177/104649640203300401.
15. Hambrick D.C., Cho T.S., Chen M.-J. The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms' competitive moves. Administrative Science Quarterly 1996, 41:659-684. 10.2307/2393871.
16. Hogg M.A., Terry D.J. Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review 2000, 25:121-140. 10.2307/259266.
17. Hollingshead A.B. Perceptions of expertise and transactive memory in work relationships. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2000, 3:257-267. 10.1177/1368430200033002.
18. Jamieson J.P., Harkins S.G., Williams K.D. Need threat can motivate performance after ostracism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2010, 36:690-702. 10.1177/0146167209358882.
19. Jassawalla A.R., Sashittal H.C. Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams. Academy of Management Executive 1999, 13:50-63.
20. Jones E.E., Carter-Sowell A.R., Kelly J.R. Participation matters: Psychological and behavioral consequences of information exclusion in groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2011, 15:311-325. 10.1037/a0025547.
21. Jones E.E., Carter-Sowell A.R., Kelly J.R., Williams K.D. " I'm out of the loop": Ostracism through information exclusion. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 2009, 12:157-174. 10.1177/1368430208101054.
22. Jones E.E., Kelly J.R. Contributions to a group discussion and perceptions of leadership: Does quantity always count more than quality?. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2007, 11:15-30. 10.1037/1089-2699.11.1.15.
23. Jones E.E., Kelly J.R. " Why am I out of the loop?": Attributions influence responses to information exclusion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2010, 36:1186-1201. 10.1177/0146167210380406.
24. Kameda T., Ohtsubo Y., Takezawa M. Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 73:296-309. 10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.296.
25. Keller R.T. Cross-functional project groups in research and new product development: Diversity, communications, job stress, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal 2001, 44:547-555. 10.2307/3069369.
26. Kelly J.R., Loving T.J. Time pressure and group performance: Exploring underlying processes in the attentional focus model. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology 2004, 40:185-198. 10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00094-5.
27. Larson J.R., Sargis E.G., Bauman C.W. Shared knowledge and subgroup influence during decision-making discussions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 2004, 17:245-262. 10.1002/bdm.462.
28. Liang D.W., Moreland R., Argote L. Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating factor of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1995, 21:384-393. 10.1177/0146167295214009.
29. Maner J.K., DeWall C.N., Baumeister R.F., Schaller M. Does social exclusion motivate interpersonal reconnection? Resolving the 'porcupine problem'. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 92:42-55. 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.42.
30. Moreland R.L., Fetterman J.D., Flagg J.J., Swanenburg K.L. Behavioral assessment practices among social psychologists who study small groups. Then a miracle occurs: Focusing on behavior in social psychological theory and research 2010, 28-53. Oxford University, New York. C.R. Agnew, D.E. Carlston, W.G. Graziano, J.R. Kelly (Eds.).
31. Moreland R.L. Transactive memory: Learning who knows what in work groups and organizations. Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge 1999, 3-31. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. L. Thompson, D. Messick, J. Levine (Eds.).
32. Pelled L.H., Eisenhardt K.M., Xin K.R. Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 1999, 44:1-28. 10.2307/2667029.
33. Ren Y., Argote L. Transactive memory systems 1985-2010: An integrative framework of key dimensions, antecedents and consequences. Academy of Management Annals 2011, 5:189-229. 10.1080/19416520.2011.590300.
34. Sargis E.G., Larson J.R. Informational centrality and member participation during group decision making. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 2002, 5:333-347. 10.1177/1368430202005004005.
35. Smith A., Williams K.D. R U there? Ostracism by cell phone text messages. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2004, 8:291-301. 10.1037/1089-2699.8.4.291.
36. Spoor J.R., Williams K.D. The evolution of an ostracism detection system. The evolution of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and social cognition 2007, 279-292. Psychology Press, New York. J.P. Forgas, M. Haselton, W. von Hippel (Eds.).
37. Stasser G., Stewart D.D., Wittenbaum G.M. Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: The importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1995, 31:244-265. 10.1006/jesp. 1995.1012.
38. Stasser G., Titus W. Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1985, 48:1467-1478. 10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1467.
39. Stein R.T., Heller T. An empirical analysis of the correlations between leadership status and participation rates reported in the literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1979, 37:1993-2002. 10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.1993.
40. Strodtbeck F.L., James R.M., Hawkins C. Social status in jury deliberations. American Sociological Review 1957, 22:713-719. 10.2307/2089202.
41. Van Swol L.M. Factors affecting decision makers' preference for unshared information. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 2009, 13:31-45. 10.1037/a0014344.
42. Williams K.D. Ostracism: The power of silence 2001, Guilford, New York.
43. Williams K.D. Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology 2007, 58:425-452. 10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641.
44. Williams K.D., Sommer K.L. Social ostracism by one's coworkers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23:693-706. 10.1177/0146167297237003.
45. Williams K.D. Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. Advances in experimental social psychology 2009, 275-314. Elsevier, New York, doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00406-1. M. Zanna (Ed.).
46. Wittenbaum G.M., Hollingshead A.B., Botero I.C. From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: Moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Communication Monographs 2004, 71:286-310. 10.1080/0363452042000299894.
47. Wittenbaum G.M., Hubbell A.P., Zuckerman C. Mutual enhancement: Toward an understanding of the collective preference for shared information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 77:967-978. 10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.967.
48. Wittenbaum G.M., Schulman H.C., Braz M.E. Social ostracism in task groups: The effects of group composition. Small Group Research 2010, 41:330-353. 10.1177/1046496410363914.
49. Zadro L., Williams K.D., Richardson R. How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2004, 40:560-567. 10.1016/j.jesp. 2003.11.006.