메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 157-174

'I'm out of the loop': Ostracism through information exclusion

Author keywords

Exclusion; Groups; Information sharing; Ostracism; Out of the loop

Indexed keywords


EID: 61749099983     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: 14617188     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430208101054     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (95)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 77956839363 scopus 로고
    • Inequity in social exchange
    • In L. Berkowitz (Ed.) (2nd ed.) New York: Academic Press
    • Adams, J.S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (2 nd ed.) (pp. 267-299). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1965) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , pp. 267-299
    • Adams, J.S.1
  • 2
    • 33745291009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations
    • Aquino, K., Tripp, T.M., & Bies, R.J. (2006). Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 653-668.
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.91 , pp. 653-668
    • Aquino, K.1    Tripp, T.M.2    Bies, R.J.3
  • 3
    • 0000562160 scopus 로고
    • Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness
    • Aronson, E., & Linder, D. (1965). Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 156-171.
    • (1965) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 156-171
    • Aronson, E.1    Linder, D.2
  • 5
    • 85047673550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought
    • Baumeister, R.F., Twenge, J.M., & Nuss, C.K. (2002). Effects of social exclusion on cognitive processes: Anticipated aloneness reduces intelligent thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 817-827.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 817-827
    • Baumeister, R.F.1    Twenge, J.M.2    Nuss, C.K.3
  • 6
    • 0040312575 scopus 로고
    • Self-disclosure and disengagement
    • In V. J. Derlega & J. H. Berg (Eds.) New York: Plenum
    • Baxter, L.A. (1987). Self-disclosure and disengagement. In V. J. Derlega & J. H. Berg (Eds.), Self-disclosure: Theory, research, and therapy (pp. 155-174). New York: Plenum.
    • (1987) Self-disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy , pp. 155-174
    • Baxter, L.A.1
  • 8
    • 61749092463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The velvet hammer: Effect of partial ostracism on distress and cognitive effort
    • Manuscript submitted for publication
    • Chen, Z., & Williams, K.D. (2008). The velvet hammer: Effect of partial ostracism on distress and cognitive effort. Manuscript submitted for publication.
    • (2008)
    • Chen, Z.1    Williams, K.D.2
  • 9
    • 0001927247 scopus 로고
    • Grounding in communication
    • In L. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Clark, H.H., & Brennan, S.E. (1991). Grounding in communication. In L. Resnick, J. M. Levine, & S. D. Teasley (Eds.), Perspectives on socially shared cognition (pp. 127-149). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1991) Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition , pp. 127-149
    • Clark, H.H.1    Brennan, S.E.2
  • 10
    • 85043737515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research
    • Colquitt, J.A., Conlon, D.E., Wesson, M.J., Porter, C.O.L.H., & Ng, K.Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 425-445.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 425-445
    • Colquitt, J.A.1    Conlon, D.E.2    Wesson, M.J.3    Porter, C.O.L.H.4    Ng, K.Y.5
  • 14
    • 0141924546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion
    • Eisenberger, N.I., Lieberman, M.D., & Williams, K.D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302, 290-292.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 290-292
    • Eisenberger, N.I.1    Lieberman, M.D.2    Williams, K.D.3
  • 15
    • 3543028629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report ratings of experienced emotion
    • Feldman Barrett, L. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report ratings of experienced emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 266-281.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 266-281
    • Feldman Barrett, L.1
  • 16
    • 4644234910 scopus 로고
    • A theory of social comparison processes
    • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
    • (1954) Human Relations , vol.7 , pp. 117-140
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 17
    • 3542997380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five core social motives, plus or minus five
    • In S. J. Spencer, S. Fein, M. P. Zanna, & J. M. Olson (Eds.) Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Fiske, S.T. (2003). Five core social motives, plus or minus five. In S. J. Spencer, S. Fein, M. P. Zanna, & J. M. Olson (Eds.), Motivated social perception: The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 9, pp. 233-246). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2003) Motivated Social Perception: The Ontario Symposium , vol.9 , pp. 233-246
    • Fiske, S.T.1
  • 18
    • 0002743283 scopus 로고
    • Resource theory: Interpersonal behavior as exchange
    • In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.) New York: Plenum Press
    • Foa, E.B., & Foa, U.G. (1980). Resource theory: Interpersonal behavior as exchange. In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research. New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1980) Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research
    • Foa, E.B.1    Foa, U.G.2
  • 19
    • 61749092225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HR often out of the loop on 'people issues'
    • (May 29). Retrieved June 5, 2007, from
    • Galt, V. (2007, May 29). HR often out of the loop on 'people issues'. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 5, 2007, from http://theglobeandmail.com
    • (2007) The Globe and Mail
    • Galt, V.1
  • 20
    • 0034386598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exclusion and selective memory: How the need to belong influences memory for social events
    • Gardner, W.L., Pickett, C.L., Brewer, M.B. (2000). Social exclusion and selective memory: How the need to belong influences memory for social events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 486-496.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 486-496
    • Gardner, W.L.1    Pickett, C.L.2    Brewer, M.B.3
  • 21
    • 36749059050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The KKK won't let me play: Ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts
    • Gonsalkorale, K., & Williams, K.D. (2007). The KKK won't let me play: Ostracism even by a despised outgroup hurts. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 1176-1186.
    • (2007) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1176-1186
    • Gonsalkorale, K.1    Williams, K.D.2
  • 23
    • 0034341684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts
    • Hogg, M.A., & Terry, D.J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25, 121-140.
    • (2000) Academy of Management Review , vol.25 , pp. 121-140
    • Hogg, M.A.1    Terry, D.J.2
  • 25
    • 61749103846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IAEA's ElBaradei criticizes US for holding back information
    • (April 25). Retrieved April 26, 2008, from
    • Jahn, G. (2008, April 25). IAEA's ElBaradei criticizes US for holding back information. Associated Press. Retrieved April 26, 2008, from http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5gwu1N6NdbI7MThXmiNHyFH-ZMHygD9093COG0
    • (2008) Associated Press
    • Jahn, G.1
  • 26
    • 61749085406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional responses to being out of the loop
    • Unpublished raw data
    • Jones, E.E., Carter-Sowell, A.R., Kelly, J.R., & Williams, K.D. (2007) Emotional responses to being out of the loop. Unpublished raw data.
    • (2007)
    • Jones, E.E.1    Carter-Sowell, A.R.2    Kelly, J.R.3    Williams, K.D.4
  • 27
    • 0031530050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context
    • Kameda, T., Ohtsubo, Y., & Takezawa, M. (1997). Centrality in sociocognitive networks and social influence: An illustration in a group decision-making context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 296-309.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 296-309
    • Kameda, T.1    Ohtsubo, Y.2    Takezawa, M.3
  • 28
    • 0000767554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing and social compensation
    • Karau, S.J., & Williams, K.D. (1997). The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing and social compensation. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 156-168.
    • (1997) Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice , vol.1 , pp. 156-168
    • Karau, S.J.1    Williams, K.D.2
  • 29
    • 0031521257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cohesiveness and organizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysis using work groups and individuals
    • Kidwell, R.E., Jr., Mossholder, K.W., & Bennett, N. (1997). Cohesiveness and organizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysis using work groups and individuals. Journal of Management, 23, 775-793.
    • (1997) Journal of Management , vol.23 , pp. 775-793
    • Kidwell Jr., R.E.1    Mossholder, K.W.2    Bennett, N.3
  • 30
    • 10644271024 scopus 로고
    • Preference for predictability or unpredictability as a mediator of reactions to norm violations
    • Kiesler, S.B. (1973). Preference for predictability or unpredictability as a mediator of reactions to norm violations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 354-359.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 354-359
    • Kiesler, S.B.1
  • 32
    • 0001787903 scopus 로고
    • What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships
    • In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.) New York: Plenum Press
    • Leventhal, G.S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? New approaches to the study of fairness in social relationships. In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchanges: Advances in theory and research (pp. 27-55). New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1980) Social Exchanges: Advances in Theory and Research , pp. 27-55
    • Leventhal, G.S.1
  • 33
    • 0038854293 scopus 로고
    • Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating factor of transactive memory
    • Liang, D.W., Moreland, R., & Argote, L. (1995). Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating factor of transactive memory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 384-393.
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 384-393
    • Liang, D.W.1    Moreland, R.2    Argote, L.3
  • 35
    • 61749096053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Former spokesman bashes Bush in new book
    • (May 28). Retrieved May 28, 2008, from
    • Loven, J. (2008, May 28). Former spokesman bashes Bush in new book. Associated Press. Retrieved May 28, 2008, from http://news.yahoo.com/s/ ap/20080529/ap_on_go_pr_wh/mcclellan_book
    • (2008) Associated Press
    • Loven, J.1
  • 38
    • 84985275062 scopus 로고
    • Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm
    • Robinson, S.L., & Rousseau, D.M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
    • (1994) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.15 , pp. 245-259
    • Robinson, S.L.1    Rousseau, D.M.2
  • 39
    • 84993683492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informational centrality and member participation during group decision making
    • Sargis, E.G., & Larson, J.R. (2002). Informational centrality and member participation during group decision making. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 5, 333-347.
    • (2002) Group Processes & Intergroup Relations , vol.5 , pp. 333-347
    • Sargis, E.G.1    Larson, J.R.2
  • 40
    • 18844431508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions to perceived inequity in U.S. and Dutch interorganizational relationships
    • Scheer, L.K., Kumar, N., & Steenkamp, J.E.M. (2003). Reactions to perceived inequity in U.S. and Dutch interorganizational relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 303-316.
    • (2003) Academy of Management Journal , vol.46 , pp. 303-316
    • Scheer, L.K.1    Kumar, N.2    Steenkamp, J.E.M.3
  • 42
    • 0001233590 scopus 로고
    • Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion
    • Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467-1478.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 1467-1478
    • Stasser, G.1    Titus, W.2
  • 43
    • 0003416993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suls, J., & Wheeler, L. (Eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Suls, J., & Wheeler, L. (Eds.). (2000). Handbook of social comparison: Theory and research. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2000) Handbook of Social Comparison: Theory and Research
  • 44
    • 0042931254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gift of the gab?: A design oriented sociology of young people's use of mobiles
    • Taylor, A.S., & Harper, R. (2003). The gift of the gab?: A design oriented sociology of young people's use of mobiles. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 12, 267-296.
    • (2003) Computer Supported Cooperative Work , vol.12 , pp. 267-296
    • Taylor, A.S.1    Harper, R.2
  • 45
    • 4644246373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reflection theory on compensation
    • In M. Erez, U. Kleinbeck, & H. Thierry (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Thierry, H. (1998). The reflection theory on compensation. In M. Erez, U. Kleinbeck, & H. Thierry (Eds.), Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Work Motivation in the Context of A Globalizing Economy
    • Thierry, H.1
  • 49
    • 3042814567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group belongingness and procedural justice: Social inclusion and exclusion by peers affects the psychology of voice
    • van Prooijen, J.W., van den Bos, K., & Wilke, H.A.M. (2004). Group belongingness and procedural justice: Social inclusion and exclusion by peers affects the psychology of voice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 66-79.
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 66-79
    • van Prooijen, J.W.1    van den Bos, K.2    Wilke, H.A.M.3
  • 51
    • 33748670060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A letter from the tax office: Compliance effects of informational and interpersonal justice
    • Wenzel, M. (2006). A letter from the tax office: Compliance effects of informational and interpersonal justice. Social Justice Research, 19, 345-364.
    • (2006) Social Justice Research , vol.19 , pp. 345-364
    • Wenzel, M.1
  • 52
    • 0001744557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social ostracism
    • In R. M. Kowalski (Ed.) New York: Plenum Press
    • Williams, K.D. (1997). Social ostracism. In R. M. Kowalski (Ed.), Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133-170). New York: Plenum Press.
    • (1997) Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors , pp. 133-170
    • Williams, K.D.1
  • 56
    • 0026233104 scopus 로고
    • Social loafing and social compensation: The effects of expectations of co-worker performance
    • Williams, K.D., & Karau, S.J. (1991). Social loafing and social compensation: The effects of expectations of co-worker performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 570-581.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 570-581
    • Williams, K.D.1    Karau, S.J.2
  • 57
    • 0031481045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social ostracism by co-workers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation?
    • Williams, K.D., & Sommer, K.L. (1997). Social ostracism by co-workers: Does rejection lead to loafing or compensation? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 693-706.
    • (1997) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.23 , pp. 693-706
    • Williams, K.D.1    Sommer, K.L.2
  • 58
    • 0033416733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutual enhancement: Toward an understanding of the collective preference for shared information
    • Wittenbaum, G.M., Hubbell, A.P., & Zuckerman, C. (1999). Mutual enhancement: Toward an understanding of the collective preference for shared information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 967-978.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.77 , pp. 967-978
    • Wittenbaum, G.M.1    Hubbell, A.P.2    Zuckerman, C.3
  • 59
    • 33746626546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long does it last? The persistence of the effects of ostracism in the socially anxious
    • Zadro, L., Boland, C., & Richardson, R. (2006). How long does it last? The persistence of the effects of ostracism in the socially anxious. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 692-697.
    • (2006) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 692-697
    • Zadro, L.1    Boland, C.2    Richardson, R.3
  • 60
    • 3242712482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence
    • Zadro, L., Williams, K.D., & Richardson, R. (2004). How low can you go? Ostracism by a computer is sufficient to lower self-reported levels of belonging, control, self-esteem, and meaningful existence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 560-567.
    • (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.40 , pp. 560-567
    • Zadro, L.1    Williams, K.D.2    Richardson, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.