Emerging resistance problems and future perspectives in pharmacotherapy for complicated urinary tract infections

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 587-596

  Chen, Yen Hsu ^a,b   Ko, Wen Chien ^c   Hsueh, Po Ren ^d  

^a KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

^b KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^d NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Complicated urinary tract infections; Treatment; Uropathogens

Indexed keywords

AMIKACIN; AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AMPICILLIN; CARBAPENEM; CEFEPIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CIPROFLOXACIN; COLISTIMETHATE; COLISTIN; DALFOPRISTIN PLUS QUINUPRISTIN; DAPTOMYCIN; DORIPENEM; DOXYCYCLINE; ERTAPENEM; FOSFOMYCIN; IMIPENEM; LEVOFLOXACIN; LINEZOLID; MEROPENEM; NITROFURANTOIN; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM; POLYMYXIN B; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; SULBACTAM; SULTAMICILLIN; TEICOPLANIN; TELAVANCIN; TIGECYCLINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII; ACINETOBACTER INFECTION; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; BACTEREMIA; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MEGADOSE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE INFECTION; ENTEROCOCCAL INFECTION; GRAM POSITIVE INFECTION; HUMAN; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE; KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; LOW DRUG DOSE; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; NAUSEA; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOGENESIS; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; PSEUDOMONAS INFECTION; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; URINARY TRACT INFECTION; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS; VOMITING;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; PATIENT SELECTION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS; URINE;

EID: 84874987889     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: 17447666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.778827     Document Type: Review

References (90)

1. Wagenlehner FM, Wullt B, Perletti G. Antimicrobials in urogenital infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;38:S3-10
2. Hsueh PR. Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) in the Asia-Pacific region, 2002-2010. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;40:S1-3
3. Lu PL, Liu YC, Toh HS, et al. Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections in the Asia-Pacific region: 2009-2010 results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;40:S37-43.
4. Maraki S, Mantadakis E, Michailidis L, et al. Changing antibiotic susceptibilities of community-acquired uropathogens in Greece, 2005-2010. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012; Epub ahead of print
5. Pitout JD, Laupland KB. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:159-66
6. Meier S, Weber R, Zbinden R, et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative pathogens in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an increasing challenge for antimicrobial therapy. Infection 2011;39:333-40
7. Lee NY, Lee CC, Huang WH, et al. Cefepime therapy for monomicrobial bacteremia caused by cefepime-susceptible extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae: MIC matters. Clin Infect Dis 2012;.
8. Chen YH, Hsueh PR, Badal RE, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections in the Asia-Pacific region according to currently established susceptibility interpretive criteria. J Infect 2011;62:280-91
9. Hoban DJ, Lascols C, Nicolle LE, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae, including molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing species, in urinary tract isolates from hospitalized patients in North America and Europe: results from the SMART study 2009-2010. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;74:62-7
10. Kaniga K, Flamm R, Tong SY, et al. Worldwide experience with the use of doripenem against extended-spectrumbeta- lactamase-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: analysis of six phase 3 clinical studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:2119-24
11. Chen YH, Hsueh PR. Changing bacteriology of abdominal and surgical sepsis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25:590-5
12. Schultsz C, Geerlings S. Plasmid-mediated resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: changing landscape and implications for therapy. Drugs 2012;72:1-16
13. Satlin MJ, Kubin CJ, Blumenthal JS, et al. Comparative effectiveness of aminoglycosides, polymyxin B, and tigecycline for clearance of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from urine. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:5893-9
14. Alexander BT, Marschall J, Tibbetts RJ, et al. Treatment and clinical outcomes of urinary tract infections caused by KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a retrospective cohort. Clin Ther 2012;34:1314-23
15. Lin CY, Huang SH, Chen TC, et al. Risk factors of ciprofloxacin resistance in urinary Escherichia coli isolates. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2008;41:325-31
16. Labreche MJ, Frei CR. Declining susceptibilities of gram-negative bacteria to the fluoroquinolones: effects on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical outcomes. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2012;69:1863-70
17. Bouchillon S, Hoban DJ, Badal R, Hawser S. Fluoroquinolone resistance among gram-negative urinary tract pathogens: global SMART program results, 2009-2010. Open Microbiol J 2012;6:74-8
18. Wagenlehner FME, Wagenlehner C, Redman R, et al. Urinary bactericidal activity of doripenem versus levofloxacin in patients with complicated urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:1567-73
19. Deguchi T, Nakane K, Yasuda M, et al. Microbiological outcome of complicated urinary tract infections treated with levofloxacin: a pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:573-7
20. Chen YH, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. The role of fluoroquinolones in the management of urinary tract infections in areas with high rates of fluoroquinolone- resistant uropathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol 2012;31:1699-704
21. Foxman B. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in the United States: time to rethink empirical treatment for suspected E. coli infections? Clin Infect Dis 2013;56:649-51
22. Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, et al. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:625-63.
23. Hsueh PR, Hoban DJ, Carmeli Y, et al. Consensus review of the epidemiology and appropriate antimicrobial therapy of complicated urinary tract infections in Asia-Pacific region. J Infect 2011;63:114-23
24. Hsueh PR, Lau YJ, Ko WC, et al. Consensus statement on the role of fluoroquinolones in the management of urinary tract infections. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2011;44:79-82
25. Sievert DM, Ricks P, Edwards JR, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the national healthcare safety network at the centers for disease control and prevention, 2009-2010. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34:1-14.
26. Breidenstein EB, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Hancock RE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: all roads lead to resistance. Trends Microbiol 2011;19:419-26
27. Paul M, Bishara J, Levcovich A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of colistin: prospective comparative cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:1019-27
28. Markou N, Apostolakos H, Koumoudiou C, et al. Intravenous colistin in the treatment of sepsis from multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2003;7:R78-83
29. Alvarez-Lerma F, Grau S. Management of antimicrobial use in the intensive care unit. Drugs 2012;72:447-70
30. Falagas ME, Bliziotis IA, Siempos II. Attributable mortality of Acinetobacter baumannii infections in critically ill patients: a systematic review of matched cohort and case-control studies. Crit Care 2006;10:R48
31. Kempf M, Rolain JM. Emergence of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe: clinical impact and therapeutic options. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;39:105-14
32. Li J, Nation RL, Turnidge JD, et al. Colistin: the re-emerging antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2006;6:589-601
33. Pastewski AA, Caruso P, Parris AR, et al. Parenteral polymyxin B use in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteremia and urinary tract infections: a retrospective case series. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:1177-87
34. Karageorgopoulos DE, Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, et al. Tigecycline for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) Acinetobacter infections: a review of the scientific evidence. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62:45-55
35. Cunha BA. Pharmacokinetic considerations regarding tigecycline for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae or MDR Acinetobacter baumannii urosepsis. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1613
36. Nicolle LE. Urinary catheter-associated infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2012;26:13-27
37. Karlowsky JA, Lagace-Wiens PR, Simner PJ, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract pathogens in Canada from 2007 to 2009: CANWARD surveillance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:3169-75
38. Chen YY, Chen LY, Lin SY, et al. Surveillance on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device-associated infection in the intensive care unit setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan, 2000-2008: a retrospective observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:209
39. Hermans PE, Wilhelm MP. Vancomycin. Mayo Clin Proc 1987;62:901-5
40. Flamm RK, Sader HS, Farrell DJ, et al. Summary of ceftaroline activity against pathogens in the United States, 2010: report from the Assessing Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation (AWARE) surveillance program. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:2933-40
41. Zhanel GG, Calic D, Schweizer F, et al. New lipoglycopeptides: a comparative review of dalbavancin, oritavancin and telavancin. Drugs 2010;70:859-86
42. Heintz BH, Halilovic J, Christensen CL. Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30:1136-49
43. Zhanel GG, Laing NM, Nichol KA, et al. Antibiotic activity against urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE): results from the 2002 North American Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Susceptibility Study (NAVRESS). J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:382-8
44. Talaat M, Hafez S, Saied T, et al. Surveillance of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in 4 intensive care units at Alexandria university hospitals in Egypt. Am J Infect Control 2010;38:222-8
45. Nicolle LE. Catheter-related urinary tract infection. Drugs Aging 2005;22:627-39
46. Rivera AM, Boucher HW. Current concepts in antimicrobial therapy against select gram-positive organisms: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Mayo Clin Proc 2011;86:1230-43
47. Arias CA, Murray BE. The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012;10:266-78
48. Swaminathan S, Alangaden GJ. Treatment of resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2010;12:455-64
49. Arias CA, Contreraas GA, Murray BE. Management of multidrug-resistant enterococcal infections. Clin Microbial Infect 2010;16:555-62
50. Wagenlehner FM, Naber KG. New drugs for gram-positive uropathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004;24(Suppl 1):S39-43
51. Pallett A, Hand K. Complicated urinary tract infections: practical solutions for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65(Suppl 3):iii25-33
52. Neuner EA, Sekeres J, Hall GS, et al. Experience with fosfomycin for treatment of urinary tract infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:5744-8.
53. Shrestha NK, Chua JD, Tuohy MJ, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: potential utility of fosfomycin. Scand J Infect Dis 2003;35:12-14
54. Descourouez JL, Jorgenson MR, Wergin JE, et al. Fosfomycin synergy in vitro with amoxicillin, daptomycin, and linezolid, against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from renal transplant patients with infected urinary stents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013;57:1518-20
55. Oteo J, Bautista V, Lara N, et al. Parallel increase in community use of fosfomycin and resistance to fosfomycin in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:2459-63
56. Nix DE, Matthias KR. Should tigecycline be considered for urinary tract infections? A pharmacokinetic re-evaluation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:1311-12
57. Geerlings SE, van Donselaar-van der Pant KA, Keur I. Successful treatment with tigecycline of two patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:2048-9
58. MacGowan AP. Tigecycline pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic update. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62(Suppl 1):i11-16
59. Hoffmann M, DeMaio W, Jordan RA, et al. Metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of [14C]tigecycline, a first-in-class glycylcycline antibiotic, after intravenous infusion to healthy male subjects. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:1543-53
60. Rodriguez-Avial C, Rodriguez-Avial I, Merino P, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae: development of a mixed population of carbapenem and tigecycline resistance during antimicrobial therapy in a kidney transplant patient. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012;18:61-6
61. Anthony KB, Fishman NO, Linkin DR, et al. Clinical and microbiological outcomes of serious infections with multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms treated with tigecycline. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:567-70
62. Tsai HY, Liao CH, Cheng A, et al. Emergence of tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae after tigecycline therapy for complicated urinary tract infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. J Infect 2012;65:584-6
63. Prasad P, Sun J, Danner RL, Natason C. Excess deaths associated with tigecycline after approval based on noninferiority trials. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:1699-709
64. Falagas ME, Kasiakou SK, Tsiodras S, et al. The use of intravenous and aerosolized polymyxins for the treatment of infections in critically ill patients: a review of the recent literature. Clin Med Res 2006;4:138-46
65. Tan TY, Ng LS, Tan E, et al. In vitro effect of minocycline and colistin combinations on imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;60:421-3
66. Souli M, Rekatsina PD, Chryssouli Z, et al. Does the activity of the combination of imipenem and colistin in vitro exceed the problem of resistance in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009;53:2133-5
67. Falagas ME, Rafailidis PI, Ioannidou E, et al. Colistin therapy for microbiologically documented multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections: a retrospective cohort study of 258 patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010;35:194-9.
68. Vicari G, Bauer SR, Neuner EA, et al. Association between colistin dose and microbiologic outcomes in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2013;56:398-404
69. Mentzelopoulos SD, Pratikaki M, Platsouka E, et al. Prolonged use of carbapenems and colistin predisposes to ventilator-associated pneumonia by pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intentive Care Med 2007;33:1524-32
70. Antoniadou A, Kontopidou F, Poulakou G, et al. Colistin-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in intensive care unit patients: first report of a multiclonal cluster. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007;59:786-90
71. Schmiemann G, Gagyor I, Hummers-Pradier E, et al. Resistance profiles of urinary tract infections in general practice - an observational study. BMC Urol 2012;12:33
72. Tasbakan MI, Pullukcu H, Sipahi OR, et al. Nitrofurantoin in the treatment of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012;40:554-6
73. Woodworth JR, Nyhart EH Jr, Brier GL, et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of daptomycin, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, in healthy volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:318-25
74. Fisher L, North D. Effectiveness of low-dose daptomycin in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;33:493-4
75. Shea K, Hilburger E, Baroco A, et al. Successful treatment of vancomycinresistant Enterococcus faecium pyelonephritis with daptomycin during pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother 2008;42:722-5
76. Borner K, Borner E, Lode H. Determination of linezolid in human serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2001;18:253-8
77. Lucet JC, Armand-Lefevre L, Laurichesse JJ, et al. Rapid control of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a French university hospital. J Hosp Infect 2007;67:42-8
78. Scheetz MH, Knechtel SA, Malczynski M, et al. Increasing incidence of linezolid-intermediate or -resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains parallels increasing linezolid consumption. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008;52:2256-9
79. Eiland EH III, Robinson JB. Effect of linezolid on the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2007;64:2535-6
80. Arias CA, Contreras GA, Murray BE. Management of multi-drug resistant enterococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; Epub ahead of print
81. Morrissey I, Seifert H, Canton R, et al. Activity of oritavancin against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and beta-haemolytic streptococci collected from western European countries in 2011. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013;68:164-7
82. Slekovec C, Leroy J, Vernaz-Hegi N, et al. Impact of a region wide antimicrobial stewardship guideline on urinary tract infection prescription patterns. Int J Clin Pharm 2012;34:325-9
83. Bours PH, Polak R, Hoepelman AI, et al. Increasing resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections in Latin America, five years after the implementation of national therapeutic guidelines. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e770-4
84. Livermore DM, Andrews JM, Hawkey PM, et al. Are susceptibility tests enough, or should laboratories still seek ESBLs and carbapenemases directly? J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67:1569-77
85. Ho PL, Chan WM, Tsang KW, et al. Bacteremia caused by Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum betalactamase: a case-control study of risk factors and outcomes. Scand J Infect Dis 2002;34:567-73
86. Paterson DL, Ko WC, Von Gottberg A, et al. Outcome of cephalosporin treatment for serious infections due to apparently susceptible organisms producing extended-spectrum betalactamases: implications for the clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:2206-12
87. Chopra T, Marchaim D, Veltman J, et al. Impact of cefepime therapy on mortality among patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamaseproducing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56:3936-42
88. Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:e103-20.
89. Peterson J, Kaul S, Khashab M, et al. A double-blind, randomized comparison of levofloxacin 750 mg once-daily for five days with ciprofloxacin 400/500 mg twice-daily for 10 days for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis. Urology 2008;71:17-22
90. Sandberg T, Skoog G, Hermansson AB, et al. Ciprofloxacin for 7 days versus 14 days in women with acute pyelonephritis: a randomised, open-label and double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2012;380:484-90