Inverse relationship between the equatorial eastern Pacific annual-cycle and ENSO amplitudes in a coupled general circulation model

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 40, Issue 3-4, 2013, Pages 663-675

  An, Soon Il ^a   Choi, Jung ^a  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Annual cycle; Decadal modulation; ENSO; Inverse relationship between ENSO and annual cycle

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL VARIATION; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; CLIMATE MODELING; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA INTERPRETATION; DECADAL VARIATION; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL DYNAMICS; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; GREENHOUSE GAS; INVERSE ANALYSIS; MIXED LAYER; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; ZONAL WIND;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (EAST);

EID: 84874948365     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1403-3     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. An S-I (2009) A review on interdecadal changes in the nonlinearity of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Theor Appl Climatol 97: 29-40.
2. An S-I, Choi J (2009) Seasonal locking of the ENSO asymmetry and its influence on the seasonal cycle of the tropical eastern Pacific sea surface temperature. Atmos Res 94: 3-9.
3. An S-I, Choi J (2010) Interaction between equatorially symmetric and asymmetric tropical eastern Pacific SSTs. Theor Appl Climatol 102: 151-158.
4. An S-I, Jin F-F (2001) Collective role of thermocline and zonal advective feedbacks in the ENSO mode. J Clim 14: 3421-3432.
5. An S-I, Wang B (2001) Mechanisms of locking the El Niño and La Niña mature phases to boreal winter. J Clim 27: 2164-2176.
6. An S-I, Jin F-F, Kang I-S (1999) The role of zonal advection feedback in phase transition and growth of ENSO in the Cane-Zebiak model. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 77: 1151-1160.
7. An S-I, Timmermann A, Bejarano L, Jin F-F, Justino F, Liu Z, Tudhope AW (2004) Modeling evidence for enhanced El Nino-Southern Oscillation amplitude during the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 19: PA4009. doi: 10. 1029/2004PA001020.
8. An S-I, Ye Z, Hsieh WW (2006) Changes in the leading ENSO modes associated with the late 1970s climate shift: role of surface zonal current. Geophys Res Lett 33: L14609. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL026604.
9. An S-I, Ham Y-G, Kug J-S, Timmermann A, Choi J, Kang I-S (2010) The inverse effect of annual-mean state and annual-cycle changes on ENSO. J Clim 23: 1095-1110.
10. Battisti DS (1988) The dynamics and thermodynamics of a warming event in a coupled tropical atmosphere/ocean model. J Atmos Sci 45: 2889-2919.
11. Bejarano L (2006) Coexistence of leading equatorial coupled modes for ENSO. Ph. D. Dissertation, Florida State University.
12. Bjerkness J (1966) A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Tellus 18: 820-829.
13. Bjerkness J (1969) Atmospheric teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific. Mon Weather Rev 97: 163-172.
14. Blanke B, Neelin JD, Gutzler D (1997) Estimating the effect of stochastic wind stress forcing on ENSO irregularity. J Clim 10: 1473-1486.
15. Burgers G, Jin F-F, van Oldenborgh GJ (2005) The simplest ENSO recharge oscillator. Geophys Res Lett 32: L13706. doi: 10. 1029/2005GL022951.
16. Carton JA, Giese BS (2008) A reanalysis of ocean climate using simple ocean data assimilation (SODA). Mon Weather Rev 136: 2999-3017.
17. Carton JA, Giese BS, Grodsky SA (2005) Sea level rise and the warming of the oceans in the simple ocean data assimilation (SODA) ocean reanalysis. J Geophys Res 110: C09006. doi: 10. 1029/2004JC002817.
18. Chang P, Wang B, Li T, Ji L (1994) Interactions between the seasonal cycle and the Southern Oscillation: frequency entrainment and chaos in an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Geophys Res Lett 21: 2817-2820.
19. Chang P, Ji L, Li H, Flugel M (1996) Chaotic dynamics versus stochastic processes in El Niño Southern Oscillation in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. Phys D 98: 301-320.
20. Choi J, An S-I, Dewitte B, Hsieh W-W (2009) Interactive feedback between the tropical Pacific decadal oscillation and ENSO in a coupled general circulation model. J Clim 22: 6597-6611.
21. Choi J, An S-I, Kug J-S, Yeh S-W (2011) The role of mean state on changes in El Niño's flavor. Clim Dyn 37: 1205-1215.
22. Delworth TL et al (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: formulation and simulation characteristics. J Clim 19: 643-674.
23. Dewitte B (2000) Sensitivity of an intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model of the tropical Pacific to its oceanic vertical structure. J Clim 13: 2363-2388.
24. Eckert C, Latif M (1997) Predictability of a stochastically forced hybrid coupled model of El Niño. J Clim 10: 1488-1504.
25. Fedorov AV, Philander SGH (2000) Is El Niño changing? Science 288: 1997-2002.
26. Fedorov AV, Philander SGH (2001) A stability analysis of tropical ocean-atmosphere interactions: bridging measurements and theory for El Niño. J Clim 14: 3086-3101.
27. Galanti E, Tziperman E (2000) ENSO's phase locking to the seasonal cycle in the fast-SST, fast-wave, and mixed-mode regimes. J Atmos Sci 57: 2936-2950.
28. Galanti E, Tziperman E, Harrison M, Rosati A, Giering R, Sirkes Z (2002) The equatorial thermocline outcropping-A seasonal control on the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere instability strength. J Clim 15: 2721-2739.
29. Gu D, Philander SGH (1995) Secular changes of annual and interannual variability in the tropics during the past century. J Clim 8: 864-876.
30. Guilyardi E (2006) El Niño-mean state-seasonal cycle interactions in a multi-model ensemble. Clim Dyn 26: 329-348.
31. Jin F-F (1996) Tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction, the Pacific cold tongue, and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Science 274: 76-78.
32. Jin F-F, An S-I (1999) Thermocline and zonal advection feedbacks within the equatorial ocean recharge oscillator model for ENSO. Geophys Res Lett 26: 2989-2992.
33. Jin F-F, Neelin DJ, Ghil M (1994) El Niño on the devil's staircase: annual subharmonic steps to chaos. Science 264: 70-72.
34. Jin F-F, An S-I, Timmermann A, Zhao J (2003) Strong El Niño events and nonlinear dynamical heating. Geophys Res Lett 30: 1120.
35. Jin F-F, Kim ST, Bejarano L (2006) A coupled-stability index of ENSO. Geophys Res Lett 33: L23708. doi: 10. 1029/2006GL027221.
36. Kim K-Y, Chung C (2001) On the evolution of the annual cycle in the tropical Pacific. J Clim 14: 991-994.
37. Kim ST, Jin F-F (2011) An ENSO stability analysis. Part II: results from the twentieth and twenty-first century simulations of the CMIP3 models. Clim Dyn 36: 1609-1627.
38. Li T, Hogan TF (1999) The role of the annual-mean climate on seasonal and interannual variability of the tropical Pacific in a coupled GCM. J Clim 12: 780-792.
39. Li T, Philander SGH (1996) On the annual cycle of the eastern equatorial Pacific. J Clim 9: 2986-2998.
40. Lindzen RS, Nigam S (1987) On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics. J Atmos Sci 44: 2418-2436.
41. Monterey GI, Levitus S (1997) Seasonal variability of mixed layer depth for the world ocean. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 14, U. S. Gov. Printing Office, 5 p.
42. Moore AM, Kleeman R (1999) Stochastic forcing of ENSO by the intraseasonal oscillation. J Clim 12: 1199-1220.
43. Moorthi S, Suarez MJ (1992) Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: a parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon Weather Rev 120: 978-1002.
44. Rasmusson EM, Carpenter TH (1982) Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon Weather Rev 110: 354-384.
45. Stein K, Timmermann A, Schneider N (2011) Phase synchronization of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation with the annual cycle. Phys Rev Lett 107: 128501.
46. Timmermann A, Jin F-F (2002) A nonlinear mechanism for decadal El Niño amplitude changes. Geophys Res Lett 29: 1003. doi: 10. 1029/2001GL013369.
47. Timmermann A, Jin F-F, Abshagen J (2003) A nonlinear theory for El Niño bursting. J Atmos Sci 60: 152-165.
48. Timmermann A, Jin F-F, Collins M (2004) Intensification of the annual cycle in the tropical Pacific due to greenhouse warming. Geophys Res Lett 31: L12208. doi: 10. 1029/2004GL019442.
49. Timmermann A, Lorenz SJ, An S-I, Clement A, Xie S-P (2007a) The effect of orbital forcing on the mean climate and variability of the tropical Pacific. J Clim 20: 4147-4159.
50. Timmermann A et al (2007b) The influence of a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation on ENSO. J Clim 20: 4899-4919.
51. Torrence C, Compo GP (1998) A practical guide to wavelet analysis. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 79: 61-78.
52. Tziperman E, Stone L, Cane MA, Jarosh H (1994) El Niño chaos: overlapping of resonances between the seasonal cycle and the Pacific ocean-atmosphere oscillator. Science 264: 72-74.
53. Tziperman E, Cane MA, Zebiak SE, Xue Y, Blumenthal B (1998) Locking of El Niño's peak time to the end of the calendar year in the delayed oscillator picture of ENSO. J Clim 11: 2191-2199.
54. Wang XL (1994) The coupling of the annual cycle and ENSO over the tropical Pacific. J Atmos Sci 51: 1115-1136.
55. Wang B, An S-I (2001) Why the properties of El Niño changed during the late 1970s. Geophys Res Lett 14: 3709-3712.
56. Wang B, Barcilon A, Fang Z (1999) Stochastic dynamics of ENSO. J Atmos Sci 56: 5-20.
57. Wittenberg AT, Rosati A, Lau N-C, Ploshay JJ (2006) GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part III: tropical Pacific climate and ENSO. J Clim 19: 698-722.
58. Xie S-P (1994) On the genesis of the equatorial annual cycle. J Clim 7: 2008-2013.
59. Xie S-P (1995) Interaction between the annual and interannual variations in the equatorial Pacific. J Phys Oceanogr 25: 1930-1941.
60. Xie S-P (1997) Stability of equatorially symmetric and asymmetric climates under annual solar forcing. Q J R Meteorol Soc 123: 1359-1375.
61. Zebiak SE, Cane MA (1987) A model El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Mon Weather Rev 115: 2262-2278.
62. Zelle H, Appeldoorn G, Burgers G, van Oldenborgh GJ (2004) The relationship between sea surface temperature and thermocline depth in the tropical eastern Pacific. J Clim 34: 643-655.