Cross-national differences in the prevalence and correlates of burden among older family caregivers in the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys

Psychological Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 865-879

  Shahly, V ^a   Chatterji, S ^b   Gruber, M J ^a   Al Hamzawi, A ^c   Alonso, J ^d   Andrade, L H ^e   Angermeyer, M C ^f   Bruffaerts, R ^g   Bunting, B ^h   Caldas De Almeida, J M ⁱ   De Girolamo, G ^j   De Jonge, P ^k   Florescu, S ^l   Gureje, O ^m   Haro, J M ⁿ   Hinkov, H R ^o   Hu, C ^p   Karam, E G ^q   Lepine J P ^r   Levinson, D ^s   Medina Mora, M E ^t   Posada Villa, J ^u   Sampson, N A ^a   Trivedi, J K ^v   Viana, M C ^w   Kessler, R C ^a   more..

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AL QADISIYAH   (Iraq)

^d HOSPITAL DEL MAR   (Spain)

^e Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology   (Brazil)

^f Center for Public Mental Health   (Austria)

^g UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^h UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ NOVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Portugal)

^j IRCCS ISTITUTO CENTRO SAN GIOVANNI DI DIO FATEBENEFRATELLI   (Italy)

^k UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^l NATIONAL SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Romania)

^m UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

ⁿ CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN BIOMÉDICA EN RED DE SALUD MENTAL CIBERSAM   (Spain)

^o National Center of Public Health Protection Bulgaria   (Bulgaria)

^p SHENZHEN KANGNING HOSPITAL   (China)

^q SAINT GEORGE HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Lebanon)

^r HÔPITAL LARIBOISIÈRE   (France)

^s MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Israel)

^t INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PSIQUIATRÍA RAMÓN DE LA FUENTE MUÑIZ   (Mexico)

^u Instituto Colombiano del Sistema Nervioso   (Colombia)

^v KING GEORGE'S MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (India)

^w FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF ESPÍRITO SANTO   (Brazil)

more..

Author keywords

cross national studies; epidemiology; family burden; Key words Caregivers; mental health

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; CHILD; CHRONIC DISEASE; COST OF ILLNESS; CULTURAL FACTOR; ECONOMICS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FAMILY; FAMILY HEALTH; FEMALE; HEALTH; HOME CARE; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; NURSING; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; TIME; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; CAREGIVERS; CHILD; CHRONIC DISEASE; COST OF ILLNESS; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS; FAMILY; FAMILY HEALTH; FEMALE; HOME NURSING; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION DYNAMICS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; WORLD HEALTH; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 84874831331     PISSN: 00332917     EISSN: 14698978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291712001468     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. Awad AG, Voruganti LN (2008). The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers: A review. Pharmacoeconomics 26, 149-162.
2. Beaglehole R, Epping-Jordan J, Patel V, Chopra M, Ebrahim S, Kidd M, Haines A (2008). Improving the prevention and management of chronic disease in low-income and middle-income countries: A priority for primary health care. Lancet 372, 940-949.
3. Bedard M, Pedlar D, Martin NJ, Malott O, Stones MJ (2000). Burden in caregivers of cognitively impaired older adults living in the community: methodological issues and determinants. International Psychogeriatrics 12, 307-332.
4. Bloom DE (2011). 7 Billion and counting. Science 333, 562-569.
5. Bolin K, Lindgren B, Lundborg P (2008). Your next of kin or your own career? Caring and working among the 50+ of Europe. Journal of Health Economics 27, 718-738.
6. Brummett BH, Boyle SH, Siegler IC, Kuhn CM, Surwit RS, Garrett ME, Collins A, Ashley-Koch A, Williams RB (2008). HPA axis function in male caregivers: effect of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR). Biological Psychology 79, 250-255.
7. Buntin MB, Zaslavsky AM (2004). Too much ado about two-part models and transformation? Comparing methods of modeling Medicare expenditures. Journal of Health Economics 23, 525-542.
8. Carmichael F, Charles S (2003). The opportunity costs of informal care: does gender matter? Journal of Health Economics 22, 781-803.
9. Carter R (2008). Addressing the caregiving crisis. Preventing Chronic Disease 5, A02.
10. Christakis NA, Allison PD (2006). Mortality after the hospitalization of a spouse. New England Journal of Medicine 354, 719-730.
11. Christensen K, Doblhammer G, Rau R, Vaupel JW (2009). Ageing populations: The challenges ahead. Lancet 374, 1196-1208.
12. Chumbler NR, Grimm JW, Cody M, Beck C (2003). Gender, kinship and caregiver burden: The case of communitydwelling memory impaired seniors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 18, 722-732.
13. Ekwall AK, Sivberg B, Hallberg IR (2007). Older caregivers' coping strategies and sense of coherence in relation to quality of life. Journal of Advanced Nursing 57, 584-596.
14. Fredman L, Cauley JA, Satterfield S, Simonsick E, Spencer SM, Ayonayon HN, Harris TB (2008). Caregiving, mortality, and mobility decline: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Archives of Internal Medicine 168, 2154-2162.
15. Fredman L, Doros G, Ensrud KE, Hochberg MC, Cauley JA (2009). Caregiving intensity and change in physical functioning over a 2-year period: results of the caregiver-study of osteoporotic fractures. American Journal of Epidemiology 170, 203-210.
16. Gallo LC, Jimenez JA, Shivpuri S, Espinosa de los Monteros K, Mills PJ (2011). Domains of chronic stress, lifestyle factors, and allostatic load in middle-aged Mexican-American women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 41, 21-31.
17. Gysels M, Evans N, Menaca A, Andrew E, Toscani F, Finetti S, Pasman HR, Higginson I, Harding R, Pool R (2012). Culture and end of life care: A scoping exercise in seven European countries. PLoS One 7, e34188.
18. Haley WE, Allen JY, Grant JS, Clay OJ, Perkins M, Roth DL (2009). Problems and benefits reported by stroke family caregivers: results from a prospective epidemiological study. Stroke 40, 2129-2133.
19. Haley WE, Roth DL, Howard G, Safford MM (2010). Caregiving strain and estimated risk for stroke and coronary heart disease among spouse caregivers: differential effects by race and sex. Stroke 41, 331-336.
20. Happe S, Berger K (2002). The association between caregiver burden and sleep disturbances in partners of patients with Parkinson's disease. Age and Ageing 31, 349-354.
21. Harkness J, Pennell BE, Villar A, Gebler N, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Bilgen I (2008). Translation procedures and translation assessment in the World Mental Health Survey Initiative. In The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ed. R. C. Kessler and T. B. Ustun), pp. 91-113. Cambridge University Press: New York.
22. Harwood DG, Barker WW, Ownby RL, Bravo M, Aguero H, Duara R (2000). Predictors of positive and negative appraisal among Cuban American caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15, 481-487.
23. Hastrup LH, Van Den Berg B, Gyrd-Hansen D (2011). Do informal caregivers in mental illness feel more burdened? A comparative study of mental versus somatic illnesses. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 39, 598-607.
24. Heeringa SG, Wells EJ, Hubbard F, Mneimneh ZN, Chiu WT, Sampson NA, Berglund PA (2008). Sample designs and sampling procedures. In The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ed. R. C. Kessler and T. B. Ustun), pp. 14-32. Cambridge University Press: New York.
25. Heitmueller A (2007). The chicken or the egg? Endogeneity in labour market participation of informal carers in England. Journal of Health Economics 26, 536-559.
26. Heitmueller A, Inglis K (2007). The earnings of informal carers: wage differentials and opportunity costs. Journal of Health Economics 26, 821-841.
27. Hickenbottom SL, Fendrick AM, Kutcher JS, Kabeto MU, Katz SJ, LangaKM (2002). A national study of the quantity and cost of informal caregiving for the elderly with stroke. Neurology 58, 1754-1759.
28. Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (2000). Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd edn. Wiley and Sons: New York.
29. Idstad M, Roysamb E, Tambs K (2011). The effect of change in mental disorder status on change in spousal mental health: The HUNT study. Social Science and Medicine 73, 1408-1415.
30. Izuhara M (2004). Negotiating family support? The generational contract between long term care and inheritance. Journal of Social Policy 33, 649-665.
31. Jacobzone S (2000). Coping with aging: international challenges. Health Affairs (Millwood) 19, 213-225.
32. Kakuma R, Minas H, van Ginneken N, Dal Poz MR, Desiraju K, Morris JE, Saxena S, Scheffler RM (2011). Human resources for mental health care: current situation and strategies for action. Lancet 378, 1654-1663.
33. Kessler RC, Ustun TB(editors) (2008). The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders. Cambridge University Press: New York.
34. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Dura JR, Speicher CE, Trask OJ, Glaser R (1991). Spousal caregivers of dementia victims: longitudinal changes in immunity and health. Psychosomatic Medicine 53, 345-362.
35. King AC, Brassington G (1997). Enhancing physical and psychological functioning in older family caregivers: The role of regular physical activity. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 19, 91-100.
36. Kring SI, Brummett BH, Barefoot J, Garrett ME, Ashley-Koch AE, Boyle SH, Siegler IC, Sørensen TI, Williams RB (2010). Impact of psychological stress on the associations between apolipoprotein E variants and metabolic traits: findings in an American sample of caregivers and controls. Psychosomatic Medicine 72, 427-433.
37. Kusano CT, Bouldin ED, Anderson LA, McGuire LC, Salvail FR, Simmons KW, Andresen EM (2011). Adult informal caregivers reporting financial burden in Hawaii, Kansas, and Washington: results from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Disability and Health Journal 4, 229-237.
38. Lamura G, Mnich E, Nolan M, Wojszel B, Krevers B, Mestheneos L, Dohner H (2008). Family carers' experiences using support services in Europe: empirical evidence from the EUROFAMCARE study. Gerontologist 48, 752-771.
39. Lee R (2011). The outlook for population growth. Science 333, 569-573.
40. Levine C, Halper D, Peist A, Gould DA (2010). Bridging troubled waters: family caregivers, transitions, and longterm care. Health Affairs (Millwood) 29, 116-124.
41. Levinson D, Lakoma MD, Petukhova M, Schoenbaum M, Zaslavsky AM, Angermeyer M, Borges G, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Gureje O, Haro JM, Hu C, Karam AN, Kawakami N, Lee S, Lepine JP, Browne MO, Okoliyski M, Posada-Villa J, Sagar R, Viana MC, Williams DR, Kessler RC (2010). Associations of serious mental illness with earnings: results from the WHO World Mental Health surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry 197, 114-121.
42. Lin JP, Yi CC (2011). Filial norms and intergenerational support to aging parents in China and Taiwan. International Journal of Social Welfare 20, S109-S120.
43. Lockenhoff CE, Duberstein PR, Friedman B, Costa Jr PT (2011). Five-factor personality traits and subjective health among caregivers: The role of caregiver strain and selfefficacy. Psychology and Aging 26, 592-604.
44. Losada A, Robinson Shurgot G, Knight BG, Marquez M, Montorio I, Izal M, Ruiz MA (2006). Cross-cultural study comparing the association of familism with burden and depressive symptoms in two samples of Hispanic dementia caregivers. Aging and Mental Health 10, 69-76.
45. Mathers CD, Lopez AD, Murray CJL (2006). The burden of disease and mortality by condition: data, methods, and results for 2001. In Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors (ed. A. D. Lopez, C. D. Mathers, M. Ezzati, D. T. Jamison and C. J. L. Murray). World Bank: Washington, DC.
46. Maulik PK, Darmstadt GL (2007). Childhood disability in low-and middle-income countries: overview of screening, prevention, services, legislation, and epidemiology. Pediatrics 120 (Suppl. 1), S1-S55.
47. McCullagh P, Nelder JA (1989). Generalized Linear Models, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall: London.
48. Morse JQ, Shaffer DR, Williamson GM, Dooley WK, Schulz R (2012). Models of self and others and their relation to positive and negative caregiving responses. Psychology and Aging 27, 211-218.
49. National Alliance for Caregiving in collaboration with AARP (2009). Caregiving in the U.S.: Executive Summary (http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/il/ caregiving-09-es.pdf). Accessed 15 November 2011.
50. Navaie-Waliser M, Spriggs A, Feldman PH (2002). Informal caregiving: differential experiences by gender. Medical Care 40, 1249-1259.
51. Nomura H, Inoue S, Kamimura N, Shimodera S, Mino Y, Gregg L, Tarrier N (2005). A cross-cultural study on expressed emotion in carers of people with dementia and schizophrenia: Japan and England. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, 564-570.
52. Northridge ME (1995). Public health methods-attributable risk as a link between causality and public health action. American Journal of Public Health 85, 1202-1204.
53. Opree SJ, Kalmijn M (2012). Exploring causal effects of combining work and care responsibilities on depressive symptoms among middle-aged women. Ageing and Society 32, 130-146.
54. Papastavrou E, Charalambous A, Tsangari H, Karayiannis G (2012). The burdensome and depressive experience of caring: what cancer, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease caregivers have in common. Cancer Nursing 35, 187-194.
55. Pennell B-E, Mneimneh Z, Bowers A, Chardoul S, Wells JE, Viana MC, Dinkelmann K, Gebler N, Florescu S, He Y, Huang Y, Tomov T, Vilagut G (2008). Implementation of the World Mental Health Surveys. In The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ed. R. C. Kessler and T. B. Ustun), pp. 33-57. Cambridge University Press: New York.
56. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2003a). Associations of stressors and uplifts of caregiving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 58, P112-P128.
57. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2003b). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging 18, 250-267.
58. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2005). Ethnic differences in stressors, resources, and psychological outcomes of family caregiving: A meta-analysis. Gerontologist 45, 90-106.
59. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2006). Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: an updated meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 61, P33-P45.
60. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2007). Correlates of physical health of informal caregivers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology: Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 62, P126-P137.
61. Pinquart M, Sorensen S (2011). Spouses, adult children, and children-in-law as caregivers of older adults: A metaanalytic comparison. Psychology and Aging 26, 1-14.
62. Poulin MJ, Brown SL, Ubel PA, Smith DM, Jankovic A, Langa KM (2010). Does a helping hand mean a heavy heart? Helping behavior and well-being among spouse caregivers. Psychology and Aging 25, 108-117.
63. Prince M (2004). Care arrangements for people with dementia in developing countries. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19, 170-177.
64. Prince M, Livingston G, Katona C (2007). Mental health care for the elderly in low-income countries: A health systems approach. World Psychiatry 6, 5-13.
65. Schneider J, Murray J, Banerjee S, Mann A (1999). EUROCARE: A cross-national study of co-resident spouse carers for people with Alzheimer's disease: I-Factors associated with carer burden. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, 651-661.
66. Schulz R, Beach SR (1999). Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality: The Caregiver Health Effects Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 282, 2215-2219.
67. Siegler IC, Brummett BH, Williams RB, Haney TL, Dilworth-Anderson P (2010). Caregiving, residence, race, and depressive symptoms. Aging and Mental Health 14, 771-778.
68. Sorensen S, Pinquart M, Duberstein P (2002). How effective are interventions with caregivers? An updated metaanalysis. Gerontologist 42, 356-372.
69. Stoltz P, Uden G, Willman A (2004). Support for family carers who care for an elderly person at home-a systematic literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 18, 111-119.
70. Torti Jr FM, Gwyther LP, Reed SD, Friedman JY, Schulman KA (2004). A multinational review of recent trends and reports in dementia caregiver burden. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 18, 99-109.
71. Vitaliano PP, Zhang J, Scanlan JM (2003). Is caregiving hazardous to one's physical health? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 129, 946-972.
72. Vogeli C, Shields AE, Lee TA, Gibson TB, Marder WD, Weiss KB, Blumenthal D (2007). Multiple chronic conditions: prevalence, health consequences, and implications for quality, care management, and costs. Journal of General Internal Medicine 22 (Suppl. 3), 391-395.
73. Wiener J (2003). The role of informal support in long-term care. In Key Policy Issues in Long-term Care (ed. J. Brodsky, J. Habib and M. Hirschfeld), pp. 3-24.
74. World Health Organization: Geneva (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/ 2003/9241562250.pdf). Accessed 9 November 2011.
75. Wimo A, Winblad B, Jonsson L (2007). An estimate of the total worldwide societal costs of dementia in 2005. Alzheimer's and Dementia 3, 81-91.
76. Winter KH, Bouldin ED, Andresen EM (2010). Lack of choice in caregiving decision and caregiver risk of stress, North Carolina, 2005. Preventing Chronic Disease 7, A41.
77. Wolter KM (1985). Introduction to Variance Estimation. Springer-Verlag: New York
78. World Bank (2009). Data: Countries and Economies (http://data.worldbank. org/country). Accessed 9 November 2011.
79. Yee JL, Schulz R (2000). Gender differences in psychiatric morbidity among family caregivers: A review and analysis. Gerontologist 40, 147-164.
80. Youn G, Knight BG, Jeong HS, Benton D (1999). Differences in familism values and caregiving outcomes among Korean, Korean American, and White American dementia caregivers. Psychology and Aging 14, 355-364.