Preparation and characterization of sub-micron dispersions of sand in ethylene glycol-water mixture

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 699-712

  Manikandan, S ^a   Karthikeyan, N ^a   Silambarasan, M ^a   Suganthi, K S ^a   Rajan, K S ^a  

^a SASTRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Aggregates; Brownian motion; Stirred bead milling; Sub micron dispersions; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity

Indexed keywords

GLYCOL-WATER; GLYCOL-WATER MIXTURE; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; RELATIVE VISCOSITY; STIRRED BEAD MILLINGS; SUB-MICRON DISPERSIONS; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY RATIO; ULTRA-SONICATION;

AGGREGATES; BROWNIAN MOVEMENT; DISPERSIONS; ETHYLENE GLYCOL; MILLING (MACHINING); POLYOLS; SAND; VISCOSITY;

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;

EID: 84874821276     PISSN: 01046632     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0104-66322012000400003     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Batchelor, G. K., Effect of Brownian-motion on bulk stress in a suspension of spherical-particles. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 83, no.1, 97-117 (1977). (Pubitemid 8554691)
2. Bicerano, J., Douglas, J. F. and Brune, D. A., Model for the viscosity of particle dispersions. Polymer Reviews, 39, no. 4, 561-642 (1999). (Pubitemid 129611788)
3. Brenner, H. and Condiff, D. W., Transport mechanics in systems of orientable particles. IV. Convective transport. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 47, no. 1, 199-264 (1974).
4. Brinkman, H. C., The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 20, 571-581 (1952).
5. Chen, H., Ding, Y. and Tan, C., Rheological behaviour of nanofluids. New Journal of Physics, 9, 367 (2007).
6. Chen, H., Witharana, S., Jin, Y., Kim, C. and Ding, Y., Predicting thermal conductivity of liquid suspensions of nanoparticles (nanofluids) based on rheology. Particuology, 7, no. 2, 151-157 (2009).
7. Chevalier, J., Tillement, O., Ayelaa, F., Rheological properties of nanofluids flowing through microchannels. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91:233103 (2007).
8. Choi, S. U. S., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Developments and applications of non-Newtonian flows. FED-Vol. 231/MD-Vol. 66, 99-105 (1995).
9. 2-water Nanofluids. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 33, no. 4, 706-714 (2009).
10. Fadhel, H. B., Frances, C. and Mamourian, A., Investigations on ultra-fine grinding of titanium dioxide in a stirred media mill. Powder Technology, 105, 362-373 (1999). (Pubitemid 29531636)
11. Frankel, N. A. and Acrivos, A., On the viscosity of a concentrate suspension of solid spheres. Chemical Engineering Science, 22, no. 6, 847-853 (1967).
12. Garg, J., Poudel, B., Chiesa, M., Gordon, J. B., Ma, J. J., Wang, J. B., Ren, Z. F., Kang, Y. T., Ohtani, H., Nanda, J., McKinley, G. H. and Chen, G., Enhanced thermal conductivity and viscosity of copper nanoparticles in ethylene glycol nanofluid. Journal of Applied Physics, 103, 074301-306 (2008).
13. Garg, P., Alvarado, J. L., Marsh, C., Carlson, T. A., Kessler, D. A. and Annamalai, K., An experimental study on the effect of ultrasonication on viscosity and heat transfer performance of multiwall carbon nanotube-based aqueous nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 5090-5101 (2009).
14. Genovese, D. B., Lozano, J. E. and Rao, M. A., The rheology of colloidal and noncolloidal food dispersions. Journal of Food Science, 72, no. 2, 11-20 (2007).
15. Ghadimi, A., Saidur, R. and Metselaar, H. S. C., A review of nanofluid stability properties and characterization in stationary conditions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54, no. 17-18, 4051-4068 (2011).
16. 2 nanoparticles (nanofluids) flowing upward through a vertical pipe. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50, no. (11-12), 2272-2281 (2007). (Pubitemid 46412319)
17. Heris, S. Z., Etemad, S. G. and Esfahany, M. N., Experimental investigation of oxide nanofluids laminar flow convective heat transfer. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 33, no. 4, 529-535 (2006).
18. Keblinski, P., Phillpot, S. R., Choi, S. U. S. and Eastman, J. A., Mechanisms of heat flow in suspensions of nano-sized particles (nanofluids). International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 45, 855-863 (2002). (Pubitemid 34034421)
19. Koo, J. and Kleinstreuer, C., A new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids. Journal of Nanoparticles Research, 6, no. 6, 577-588 (2004). (Pubitemid 40454281)
20. Krieger, I. M. and Dougherty, T. J., A mechanism for non-Newtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres. Journal of Rheology, 3, no. 1, 137-152 (1959).
21. Lee, S., Choi, S. U. S., Li, S. and Eastman, J. A., Measuring thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Heat Transfer, 121, 280-289 (1999). (Pubitemid 29419226)
22. Lee, J., Gharagozloo, P. E., Kolade, B., Eaton, J. K. and Goodson, K. E., Nanofluid convection in microtubes. Journal of Heat Transfer, 132, 092401 (2010).
23. Lee, S. W., Park, S. D., Kang, S., Bang, I. C. and Kim, J. H., Investigation of viscosity and thermal conductivity of SiC nanofluids for heat transfer applications. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54, no. (1-3), 433-438 (2011).
24. Lee, Y. S., Self-Assembly and Nanotechnology: A Force Balance Approach. Wiley, New York, USA (2008).
25. Longo, G. A. and Zilio, C., Experimental measurement of thermophysical properties of oxide-water nano-fluids down to ice-point. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 35, no. 7, 1313-1324 (2011).
26. Lundgren, T. S., Slow flow through stationary random beds and suspensions of spheres. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 51, no. 2, 273-299 (1972).
27. 22 ultra-fine particles). Netsu Bus-sei (Japan), 7, 227-233 (1993).
28. Maxwell, J. C., A treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, Second, Ed. (1881).
29. McCabe, W. L., Smith, J. C. and Harriott, P., Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering. Fifth, Ed. McGraw-Hill Inc., USA (1993).
30. Mooney, M., The viscosity of a concentrated suspension of spherical particles. Journal of Colloid Science, 6, no.2, 162-170 (1951).
31. Nguyen, C. T., Desgranges, F., Roy, G., Galanis, N., Maré, T., Boucher, S., Angue Mintsa, H., Temperature and particle-size dependent viscosity data for water-based nanofluids - Hysteresis phenomenon. Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 28, (6):1492-1506 (2007). (Pubitemid 350129816)
32. Nielsen, L. E., Generalized equation for the elastic moduli of composite materials. Journal of Applied Physics, 41, 4626-4627 (1970).
33. Olle, B., Bucak, S., Holmes, T. C., Bromberg, L., Hatton, T. A. and Wang, D. I. C., Enhancement of oxygen mass transfer using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45, 4355-4363 (2006). (Pubitemid 43966409)
34. Pak, B. and Cho, Y., Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. Experimental Heat Transfer, 11, no. 2, 151-170 (1998). (Pubitemid 128573374)
35. Palabiyik, I., Musina, Z., Witharana, S. and Ding, Y., Dispersion stability and thermal conductivity of propylene glycol-based nanofluids. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13, (10), 5049-5055 (2011).
36. 3- deionized water nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48, 1294- 1301 (2009).
37. Pradeep, P. R. and Pitchumani, B., Effect of operating variables on the production of nanoparticles by stirred media milling. Asia- Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6, 154- 162 (2011).
38. Rajan, K. S., Dhasandhan, K., Srivastava, S. N. and Pitchumani, B., Experimental study of thermal effectiveness in pneumatic conveying heat exchanger. Applied Thermal Engineering, 27, 1345-1351 (2007a).
39. Rajan, K S., Dhasandhan, K., Srivastava, S. N. and Pitchumani, B., Studies on gas-solid heat transfer during pneumatic conveying. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51, no. 11-12, 2801-2813 (2008).
40. Rajan, K. S., Pitchumani, B., Srivastava, S. N. and Mohanty, B., Two-dimensional simulation of gassolid heat transfer in pneumatic conveying. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50, 967-976 (2007b). (Pubitemid 46186334)
41. Rajan, K. S., Srivastava, S. N., Pitchumani, B. and Surendiran, V., Thermal conductance of pneumatic conveying preheater for air-gypsum and air-sand heat transfer. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49, no. 1, 182-186 (2010).
42. Savithiri, S., Pattamatta, A. and Das, S. K., Scaling analysis for the investigation of slip mechanisms in nanofluids. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6, no.1, 471-485 (2011).
43. Saltiel, C., Chen, Q., Manickavasagam, S., Schadler, L. S., Siegel, R. W. and Menguc, M. P., Identification of the dispersion behavior of surface treated nanoscale powders. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 6, 35-46 (2004).
44. Sivasankar, M. and Pramod Kumar, B., Role of nanoparticles in drug delivery system. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 1, no. 2 (2010).
45. Stenger, F., Mende, S., Schwedes, J. and Peukert, W., The influence of suspension properties on the grinding behavior of alumina particles in the submicron size range in stirred media mills. Powder Technology, 156, no. 2-3, 103-110 (2005). (Pubitemid 41207705)
46. Vajjha, R. S. and Das, D. K., Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, no. 21-22, 4675-4682 (2009).
47. Vajjha, R. S., Das, D. K. and Kulkarni, D. P., Development of new correlations for convective heat transfer and friction factor in turbulent regime for nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53, no. 21-22, 4607- 4618 (2010).
48. Wang, X. and Mujumdar, A. S., Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: A review. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49, 1- 19 (2007). (Pubitemid 44708805)
49. Wang, X. and Mujumdar, A. S., A review on nanofluids - Part I: Theoretical and numerical investigations. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, no. 4, 613-630 (2008).
50. Wang, X. and Mujumdar, A. S., A review on nanofluids - Part II: Experiments and applications. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, no. 4, 631-648 (2008).
51. Wen, D. and Ding, Y., Formulation of nanofluids for natural convective heat transfer applications. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 26, no. 6, 855-864 (2005). (Pubitemid 43009130)
52. Wen, D., Lin, G., Vafaei, S. and Zhang, K., Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications. Particuology, 7, no. 2, 141-150 (2009).
53. Xuan, Y., Li, Q. and Hu, W., Aggregation structure and thermal conductivity of nanofluids. AICHE Journal, 49, no. 4, 1038-1043 (2003). (Pubitemid 36504566)
54. Yu, W. and Choi, S. U. S., The role of interfacial layers in the enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a renovated Maxwell model. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 5, 167-171 (2003).