Improving working memory efficiency by reframing metacognitive interpretation of task difficulty

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Volumn 141, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 610-618

  Autin, Frédérique ^a,b   Croizet, Jean Claude ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE POITIERS   (France)

^b CNRS   (France)

Author keywords

Intervention; Psychological threat; Reading comprehension; Working memory; Working selfconcept

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHILD; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; MALE; METHODOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; READING; SHORT TERM MEMORY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

CHILD; COGNITION; COGNITIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEARNING; MALE; MEMORY, SHORT-TERM; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOLINGUISTICS; READING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84874731544     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0027478     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Alloway, T. P., & Alloway, R. G. (2010). Investigating the predictive roles of working memory and IQ in academic attainment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 106, 20-29. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2009.11.003
2. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 166-171. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014
3. Ashcraft, M. H., & Kirk, E. P. (2001). The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 224-237. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.2.224
4. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
5. Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 610-620. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.610
6. Beilock, S. L., Rydell, R. J., & McConnell, A. R. (2007). Stereotype threat and working memory: Mechanisms, alleviation, and spillover. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 256-276. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.136.2.256
7. Bergman Nutley, S., Söderqvist, S., Bryde, S., Thorell, L. B., Humphreys, K., & Klingberg, T. (2011). Gains in fluid intelligence after training non-verbal reasoning in 4-year-old children: A controlled, randomized study. Developmental Science, 14, 591-601. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01022.x
8. Chee, M. W., & Choo, W. C. (2004). Functional imaging of working memory after 24 hr of total sleep deprivation. Journal of Neuroscience, 24, 4560-4567. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0007-04.2004
9. Conway, A. R., Kane, M. J., & Engle, R. W. (2003). Working memory capacity and its relation to general intelligence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 547-552. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2003.10.005
10. Cowan, N. (2010). The magical mystery four: How is working memory capacity limited, and why? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 51-57. doi:10.1177/0963721409359277
11. Croizet, J.-C., & Claire, T. (1998). Extending the concept of stereotype threat to social class: The intellectual underperformance of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 588-594. doi:10.1177/0146167298246003
12. Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450-466. doi:10.1016/S0022-5371(80)90312-6
13. Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 422-433. doi:10.3758/BF03214546
14. DeCaro, M. S., Thomas, R. D., Albert, N. B., & Beilock, S. L. (2011). Choking under pressure: Multiple routes to skill failure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140, 390-406. doi:10.1037/a0023466
15. de Ribaupierre, A., & Bailleux, C. (1995). Development of attentional capacity in childhood: A longitudinal study. In F. E. Weinert & W. Schneider (Eds.), Memory performance and competencies: Issues in growth and development (pp. 45-70). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. de Ribaupierre, A., & Lecerf, T. (2006). Relationships between working memory and intelligence from a developmental perspective: Convergent evidence from a neo-Piagetian and a psychometric approach. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 18, 109-137. doi:10.1080/ 09541440500216127
17. Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011, August 19). Intervention shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science, 333, 959-964. doi:10.1126/science.1204529
18. Dweck, C. S. (1999). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality, and development. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis.
19. Engle, R. W. (2001). What is working memory capacity? In H. L. Roediger, J. S. Nairne, I. Neath, & A. M. Suprenant (Eds.), The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 297-314). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press. doi: 10.1037/10394-016
20. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878-902. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.878
21. Good, C., Aronson, J., & Inzlicht, M. (2003). Improving adolescents' standardized test performance: An intervention to reduce the effects of stereotype threat. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24, 645-662. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2003.09.002
22. Haslam, N., Bastian, B., & Bissett, M. (2004). Essentialist beliefs about personality and their implications. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1661-1673. doi:10.1177/0146167204271182
23. Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C., & Matsumoto, H. (2001). Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 599-615. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.599
24. Holloway, S. D. (1988). Concepts of ability and effort in Japan and the United States. Review of Educational Research, 58, 327-345.
25. Ilkowska, M., & Engle, R. (2010). Trait and state differences in working memory capacity. In A. Gruszka, G. Matthews, & B. Szymura (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in cognition: Attention, memory, and executive control (pp. 295-320). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/ 978-1-4419-1210-7_18
26. Jamieson, J. P., Mendes, W. B., Blackstock, E., & Schmader, T. (2010). Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: Reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 208-212. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.08.015
27. Johns, M., Inzlicht, M., & Schmader, T. (2008). Stereotype threat and executive resource depletion: Examining the influence of emotion regulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 691-705. doi:10.1037/a0013834
28. Klingberg, T. (2010). Training and plasticity of working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 317-324. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.002
29. Klingberg, T., Forssberg, H., & Westerberg, H. (2002). Training of working memory in children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 781-791. doi:10.1076/jcen.24.6.781.8395
30. Markus, H., & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and malleability in the selfconcept in the perception of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 858-866. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.4.858
31. McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2009). Conducting the train of thought: Working memory capacity, goal neglect, and mind wandering in an executive-control task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35, 196-204. doi:10.1037/a0014104
32. McVay, J. C., & Kane, M. J. (2011). Why does working memory capacity predict variation in reading comprehension? On the influence of mind wandering and executive attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/a0025250
33. Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur. (2003). Evaluations de rentrée: Cahier des élèves pour l'évaluation nationale de cinquième [Starting year evaluation: Student booklet for the national evaluation of fifth graders]. Retrieved from http://cisad.adc.education.fr/eval/pages-03/materiel/cinquieme/default5e.htm
34. Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur. (2006). Evaluations de rentrée: Cahier des élèves pour l'évaluation nationale de sixième [Starting year evaluation: Student booklet for the national evaluation of sixth graders]. Retrieved from http://cisad.adc.education.fr/eval/pages-05/materiel/6e/default6eme.htm
35. Morrison, A. B., & Chein, J. M. (2011). Does working memory training work? The promise and challenges of enhancing cognition by training working memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, 46-60. doi: 10.3758/s13423-010-0034-0
36. Plaut, V. C., & Markus, H. R. (2005). The "inside" story: A culturalhistorical analysis of being smart and motivated, American style. In A. J. Elliott & C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 457-488). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
37. Ruvolo, A., & Markus, H. (1992). Possible selves and performance: The power of self-relevant imagery. Social Cognition, 10, 95-124. doi: 10.1521/soco.1992.10.1.95
38. Schmader, T., & Beilock, S. L. (2011). An integration of processes that underlie stereotype threat. In M. Inzlicht & T. Schmader (Eds.), Stereotype threat: Theory, process, and application (pp. 34-50). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732449.003.0003
39. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. Psychological Review, 115, 336-356. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.336
40. Schmiedek, F., Lövdén, M., & Lindenberger, U. (2010). Hundred days of cognitive training enhance broad cognitive abilities in adulthood: Findings from the COGITO study. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2, article 27. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2010.00027
41. Seery, M. D., Blascovich, J., Weisbuch, M., & Vick, S. B. (2004). The relationship between self-esteem level, self-esteem stability, and cardiovascular reactions to performance feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 133-145. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.133
42. Shipstead, Z., Redick, T., & Engle, R. (2010). Does working memory training generalize? Psychologica Belgica, 50, 245-276.
43. Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.6.613