메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 283-291

Herbal Marijuana Alternatives and Bath Salts-"Barely Legal" Toxic Highs

Author keywords

Bath salts; Cannabinoids; Cathinones; Designer drugs; Drugs of abuse; Herbal marijuana; Spice; Sympathomimetic

Indexed keywords

3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PENTYLINDOLE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; 4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; ALCOHOL; BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVE; BENZODIAZEPINE; BUTYLONE; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; CATHINONE; CREATININE; DESIGNER DRUG; DEXANABINOL; DIAZEPAM; ETHACATHINONE; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HERBACEOUS AGENT; LORAZEPAM; METHYLENEDIOXYPYROVALERONE; METHYLONE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; PARACETAMOL; PROPOFOL; SALICYLIC ACID; SYNTHETIC CANNABINOID; SYNTHETIC CATHINONE; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84874480616     PISSN: 15228401     EISSN: 15582310     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpem.2012.09.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 84874490484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer drug ODs call for supportive care and education. Available at: January 2012. Accessed January 1, Supplemented by personal communication with Mark B. Mycyk, MD.
    • Sullivan L. Designer drug ODs call for supportive care and education. Available at: www.acepnews.com, January 2012. Accessed January 1, 2012. Supplemented by personal communication with Mark B. Mycyk, MD.
    • (2012)
    • Sullivan, L.1
  • 2
    • 84856401394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging drugs of abuse: what was new yesterday is new today
    • Mycyk M.B. Emerging drugs of abuse: what was new yesterday is new today. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:1-2.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 1-2
    • Mycyk, M.B.1
  • 3
    • 83655193152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2010 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th Annual Report
    • Bronstein A.C., Spyker D.A., Cantilena L.R., et al. 2010 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th Annual Report. Clin Toxicol 2011, 49:933-940.
    • (2011) Clin Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 933-940
    • Bronstein, A.C.1    Spyker, D.A.2    Cantilena, L.R.3
  • 4
    • 84857759598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Here today, gone tomorrow. .and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives [K2, spice], synthetic cathinones [bath salts], kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazine
    • Rosenbaum C.D., Carreiro S.P., Babu K.M. Here today, gone tomorrow. .and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives [K2, spice], synthetic cathinones [bath salts], kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazine. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:15-32.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 15-32
    • Rosenbaum, C.D.1    Carreiro, S.P.2    Babu, K.M.3
  • 5
    • 78650120798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB and CB
    • Pertwee R.G., Howlett A.C., Abood M.E., et al. International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB and CB. Pharmacol Rev 2010, 62:588-631.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Rev , vol.62 , pp. 588-631
    • Pertwee, R.G.1    Howlett, A.C.2    Abood, M.E.3
  • 6
    • 83255192504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid K2
    • Mir A., Obafemi A., Young A., et al. Myocardial infarction associated with use of the synthetic cannabinoid K2. Pediatrics 2011, 128:e1-e6.
    • (2011) Pediatrics , vol.128
    • Mir, A.1    Obafemi, A.2    Young, A.3
  • 7
    • 84857796142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convulsions associated with the use of a synthetic cannabinoid product
    • Schneir A.B., Baumbacher T. Convulsions associated with the use of a synthetic cannabinoid product. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:62-64.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 62-64
    • Schneir, A.B.1    Baumbacher, T.2
  • 8
    • 79954444738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of "herbal highs" composition
    • Zuba D., Byrska B., Maciow M. Comparison of "herbal highs" composition. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011, 400:119-126.
    • (2011) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.400 , pp. 119-126
    • Zuba, D.1    Byrska, B.2    Maciow, M.3
  • 9
    • 84874461717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Consideration of the cathinones. Available at: Accessed May 29
    • Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. Consideration of the cathinones. Available at: Accessed May 29, 2012. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/acmd1/acmd-cathinodes-report-2010?view=Binary.
    • (2012)
  • 10
    • 4544275181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation
    • Di Marzo V., Bifulco M., De Petrocellis L. The endocannabinoid system and its therapeutic exploitation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004, 3:771-784.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.3 , pp. 771-784
    • Di Marzo, V.1    Bifulco, M.2    De Petrocellis, L.3
  • 11
    • 84859401249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation of intoxication due to synthetic cannabinoids
    • Cohen J., Morrison S., Greenberg J., et al. Clinical presentation of intoxication due to synthetic cannabinoids. Pediatrics 2012, 129:e1064-e1067.
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.129
    • Cohen, J.1    Morrison, S.2    Greenberg, J.3
  • 12
    • 77955083581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection for nerve agent-induced brain damage by blocking delayed calcium overload: a review
    • Filbert M., Levine E., Ballough G. Neuroprotection for nerve agent-induced brain damage by blocking delayed calcium overload: a review. J Med CBR Def 2005, 3:1-10.
    • (2005) J Med CBR Def , vol.3 , pp. 1-10
    • Filbert, M.1    Levine, E.2    Ballough, G.3
  • 13
    • 77956782377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warning: legal synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists such as JWH-018 may precipitate psychosis in vulnerable individuals
    • Every-Palmer S. Warning: legal synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists such as JWH-018 may precipitate psychosis in vulnerable individuals. Addiction 2010, 105:1859-1860.
    • (2010) Addiction , vol.105 , pp. 1859-1860
    • Every-Palmer, S.1
  • 14
    • 77953344825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A teenager with agitation: higher than she should have climbed
    • Vearrier D., Osterhoudt K.C. A teenager with agitation: higher than she should have climbed. Pediatr Emerg Care 2010, 26:462-465.
    • (2010) Pediatr Emerg Care , vol.26 , pp. 462-465
    • Vearrier, D.1    Osterhoudt, K.C.2
  • 15
    • 78649903535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Headshop heartache: acute mephedrone 'meow' myocarditis
    • Nicholson P.J., Quinn M.J., Dodd J.D. Headshop heartache: acute mephedrone 'meow' myocarditis. Heart 2010, 96:2051-2052.
    • (2010) Heart , vol.96 , pp. 2051-2052
    • Nicholson, P.J.1    Quinn, M.J.2    Dodd, J.D.3
  • 16
    • 84874457302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Today Health. 'Spice' drug tied to kidney failure cases in Wyoming, March 4, 2012. Available at: Accessed July 1
    • Today Health. 'Spice' drug tied to kidney failure cases in Wyoming, March 4, 2012. Available at: Accessed July 1, 2012. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/46619223/ns/today-today_health/t/spice-drug-tied-kidney-failure-cases-wyoming/.
    • (2012)
  • 17
    • 84874461964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMS labs. K2, Spice and other synthetic cannabinoids testing. Available at: Accessed July 1
    • NMS labs. K2, Spice and other synthetic cannabinoids testing. Available at: Accessed July 1, 2012. http://www.nmslab.com/services-forensic-K2-testing.
    • (2012)
  • 18
    • 84855935526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Legal highs'-novel and emerging psychoactive drugs: a chemical overview for the toxicologist
    • Gibbons S. 'Legal highs'-novel and emerging psychoactive drugs: a chemical overview for the toxicologist. Clin Toxicol 2012, 50:15-24.
    • (2012) Clin Toxicol , vol.50 , pp. 15-24
    • Gibbons, S.1
  • 19
    • 84857800731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones
    • Prosser J.M., Nelson L.S. The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:33-42.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 33-42
    • Prosser, J.M.1    Nelson, L.S.2
  • 20
    • 79957635109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts": Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts": Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011, 60:624-627.
    • (2011) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.60 , pp. 624-627
  • 21
    • 84874463034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association of Poison Control Centers. US poison centers raise alarm about toxic substances marketed as bath salts. Available at: Accessed May 29
    • American Association of Poison Control Centers. US poison centers raise alarm about toxic substances marketed as bath salts. Available at: Accessed May 29, 2012. http://www.aapcc.org/dnn/Portals/0/prrel/bathsalts-final.pdf.
    • (2012)
  • 22
    • 79959534958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug of abuse: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV]. Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland
    • Krikku P., Wilhelm L., Schwarz O., et al. New designer drug of abuse: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone [MDPV]. Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland. Forensic Sci Int 2011, 210:195-200.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci Int , vol.210 , pp. 195-200
    • Krikku, P.1    Wilhelm, L.2    Schwarz, O.3
  • 23
  • 24
    • 78649371984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change
    • Dargan P.I., Albert S., Wood D.M. Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change. QJM 2010, 103:875-879.
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , pp. 875-879
    • Dargan, P.I.1    Albert, S.2    Wood, D.M.3
  • 25
    • 78649686232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Khat chewing, cardiovascular disease and other internal medical problems; the current situation and directions for future research
    • Al-Motarreb A., Al-Habori M., Broadley K.J. Khat chewing, cardiovascular disease and other internal medical problems; the current situation and directions for future research. J Ethnopharmacol 2010, 132:540-548.
    • (2010) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.132 , pp. 540-548
    • Al-Motarreb, A.1    Al-Habori, M.2    Broadley, K.J.3
  • 26
    • 0025607006 scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine-like effects in humans of the khat alkaloid cathinone
    • Breneisen R., Fisch H.U., Koelving U., et al. Amphetamine-like effects in humans of the khat alkaloid cathinone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990, 30:825-828.
    • (1990) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 825-828
    • Breneisen, R.1    Fisch, H.U.2    Koelving, U.3
  • 27
    • 80053917044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs
    • Hill S.L., Thomas S.H.L. Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs. Clin Toxicol 2011, 49:705-719.
    • (2011) Clin Toxicol , vol.49 , pp. 705-719
    • Hill, S.L.1    Thomas, S.H.L.2
  • 28
    • 79960773236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service
    • James D., Adams R.D., Spears R., et al. Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service. Emerg Med J 2010, 28:686-689.
    • (2010) Emerg Med J , vol.28 , pp. 686-689
    • James, D.1    Adams, R.D.2    Spears, R.3
  • 29
    • 77954263486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purchasing 'legal highs' on the Internet-is there consistency in what you get?
    • Davies S., Wood D.M., Smith G., et al. Purchasing 'legal highs' on the Internet-is there consistency in what you get?. QJM 2010, 103:489-493.
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , pp. 489-493
    • Davies, S.1    Wood, D.M.2    Smith, G.3
  • 30
    • 77953475735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-keto amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Meyer M.R., Wilhelm J., Peters F.T., et al. Beta-keto amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010, 397:1225-1233.
    • (2010) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.397 , pp. 1225-1233
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Wilhelm, J.2    Peters, F.T.3
  • 31
    • 79960603129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone: use, subjective effects and health risks
    • Winstock A., Mitcheson L., Ramsey J., et al. Mephedrone: use, subjective effects and health risks. Addiction 2011, 106:1991-1996.
    • (2011) Addiction , vol.106 , pp. 1991-1996
    • Winstock, A.1    Mitcheson, L.2    Ramsey, J.3
  • 32
    • 79953647218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone[4-methylmethcathinone; 'meow meow']: chemical pharmacological and clinical issues
    • Schifano F., Albanese A., Fergus S., et al. Mephedrone[4-methylmethcathinone; 'meow meow']: chemical pharmacological and clinical issues. Psychopharmacology 2011, 214:593-602.
    • (2011) Psychopharmacology , vol.214 , pp. 593-602
    • Schifano, F.1    Albanese, A.2    Fergus, S.3
  • 33
    • 0032531781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced striatal dopamine transporter density in abstinent methamphetamine and methcathinone users: evidence from positron emission tomography studies with [11c]WIN-35,428
    • McCann U.D., Wong D.F., Yokoi F., et al. Reduced striatal dopamine transporter density in abstinent methamphetamine and methcathinone users: evidence from positron emission tomography studies with [11c]WIN-35,428. J Neurosci 1998, 18:8417-8422.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 8417-8422
    • McCann, U.D.1    Wong, D.F.2    Yokoi, F.3
  • 34
    • 60649105512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluromethcathinone, a new substance of abuse
    • Archer R.P. Fluromethcathinone, a new substance of abuse. Forensic Sci Int 2009, 185:10-20.
    • (2009) Forensic Sci Int , vol.185 , pp. 10-20
    • Archer, R.P.1
  • 36
    • 84857796774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizures and hyponatremia related to ethacathinone and methylone poisoning
    • Boulanger-Gobeil C., St.-Onge M., Laliberte M., Auger P.L. Seizures and hyponatremia related to ethacathinone and methylone poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:59-61.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 59-61
    • Boulanger-Gobeil, C.1    St.Onge, M.2    Laliberte, M.3    Auger, P.L.4
  • 37
    • 84857801325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal serotonin syndrome after methylone and butylone ingestion
    • Warrick B.J., Wilson J., Hedge M., et al. Lethal serotonin syndrome after methylone and butylone ingestion. J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:65-68.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 65-68
    • Warrick, B.J.1    Wilson, J.2    Hedge, M.3
  • 38
    • 84857748270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death following recreational use of designer drug "Bath Salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
    • Murray B.L., Murphy C.M., Beuhler M.C. Death following recreational use of designer drug "Bath Salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). J Med Toxicol 2012, 8:69-75.
    • (2012) J Med Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 69-75
    • Murray, B.L.1    Murphy, C.M.2    Beuhler, M.C.3
  • 39
    • 84860488942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "Bath Salts" containing 3.4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
    • Borek H.A., Holstege C.P. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "Bath Salts" containing 3.4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann Emerg Med 2012, 60:103-105.
    • (2012) Ann Emerg Med , vol.60 , pp. 103-105
    • Borek, H.A.1    Holstege, C.P.2
  • 40
    • 84860488943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: a case report
    • Mugele J., Nanagas K.A., Tormoehlen L.M. Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: a case report. Ann Emerg Med 2012, 60:100-102.
    • (2012) Ann Emerg Med , vol.60 , pp. 100-102
    • Mugele, J.1    Nanagas, K.A.2    Tormoehlen, L.M.3
  • 41
    • 78650729627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of mephedrone in drug seizures after derivatization with 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate
    • Frison G., Gregio M., Zamengo L., et al. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of mephedrone in drug seizures after derivatization with 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2011, 25:387-390.
    • (2011) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom , vol.25 , pp. 387-390
    • Frison, G.1    Gregio, M.2    Zamengo, L.3
  • 42
    • 79960628455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs of abuse screening in urine as part of a metabolite-base LC-MS[n] screening concept
    • Wissenbach D.K., Meyer M.R., Remane D., et al. Drugs of abuse screening in urine as part of a metabolite-base LC-MS[n] screening concept. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011, 400:3481-3489.
    • (2011) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.400 , pp. 3481-3489
    • Wissenbach, D.K.1    Meyer, M.R.2    Remane, D.3
  • 43
    • 78650758648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of mephedrone [4-methylmethcathinone] in 4 fatalities in Scotland
    • Torrance H., Cooper G. The detection of mephedrone [4-methylmethcathinone] in 4 fatalities in Scotland. Forensic Sci Int 2010, 202:e62-e63.
    • (2010) Forensic Sci Int , vol.202
    • Torrance, H.1    Cooper, G.2
  • 44
    • 84874503785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Conference of State Legislatures. Synthetic drug threats. Available at: Accessed July 1
    • National Conference of State Legislatures. Synthetic drug threats. Available at: Accessed July 1, -2012. http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/justice/synthetic-drug-threats.aspx.
    • (2012)
  • 45
    • 84874491529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Govtrack.us. S.605: dangerous synthetic drug control act of 2011. Available at: Accessed July 2
    • Govtrack.us. S.605: dangerous synthetic drug control act of 2011. Available at: Accessed July 2, 2012. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/s605/text.
    • (2012)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.