Revealing the impact of catalyst phase transition on carbon nanotube growth by in situ raman spectroscopy

ACS Nano

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 1100-1107

  Rao, Rahul ^a,b,f   Pierce, Neal ^a,c   Liptak, David ^a,d   Hooper, Daylond ^a,d   Sargent, Gordon ^a,d   Semiatin, S Lee ^a   Curtarolo, Stefano ^e   Harutyunyan, Avetik R ^f   Maruyama, Benji ^a  

^a AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d UES INC   (United States)

^e DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f Honda R&D Americas Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

carbon nanotubes; CVD growth; in situ; phase transition; Raman spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH; CVD GROWTHS; FE CATALYST; IN-SITU RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; NI CATALYSTS; PHYSICAL STATE; SHARP INCREASE; SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE (SWNTS); SOLID-TO-LIQUID PHASE; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE;

CARBON NANOTUBES; LIQUIDS; PHASE DIAGRAMS; PHASE TRANSITIONS; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (SWCN);

CATALYSTS;

EID: 84874407399     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn304064u     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Baughman, R. H.; Zakhidov, A. A.; de Heer, W. A. Carbon Nanotubes-The Route toward Applications Science 2002, 297, 787
2. Steiner, S. A.; Baumann, T. F.; Bayer, B. C.; Blume, R.; Worsley, M. A.; MoberlyChan, W. J.; Shaw, E. L.; Schlogl, R.; Hart, A. J.; Hofmann, S. et al. Nanoscale Zirconia as a Nonmetallic Catalyst for Graphitization of Carbon and Growth of Single- and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 12144-12154
3. Yoshida, H.; Takeda, S.; Uchiyama, T.; Kohno, H.; Homma, Y. Atomic-Scale in-Situ Observation of Carbon Nanotube Growth from Solid State Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2082-2086
4. Wirth, C. T.; Bayer, B. C.; Gamalski, A. D.; Esconjauregui, S.; Weatherup, R. S.; Ducati, C.; Baehtz, C.; Robertson, J.; Hofmann, S. The Phase of Iron Catalyst Nanoparticles During Carbon Nanotube Growth Chem. Mater. 2012, 4633-4640
5. Rao, R.; Eyink, K. G.; Maruyama, B. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth from Liquid Gallium and Indium Carbon 2010, 48, 3971-3973
6. Harutyunyan, A.; Tokune, T.; Mora, E. Liquid as a Required Catalyst Phase for Carbon Single-Walled Nanotube Growth Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87, 051919
7. Cervantes-Sodi, F.; McNicholas, T. P.; Simmons, J. G., Jr.; Liu, J.; Csányi, G.; Ferrari, A. C.; Curtarolo, S. Viscous State Effect on the Activity of Fe Nanocatalysts ACS Nano 2010, 4, 6950-6956
8. Reich, S.; Li, L.; Robertson, J. Control the Chirality of Carbon Nanotubes by Epitaxial Growth Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 421, 469-472
9. Koziol, K. K. K.; Ducati, C.; Windle, A. H. Carbon Nanotubes with Catalyst Controlled Chiral Angle Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 4904-4911
10. Harutyunyan, A. R.; Chen, G.; Paronyan, T. M.; Pigos, E. M.; Kuznetsov, O. A.; Hewaparakrama, K.; Kim, S. M.; Zakharov, D.; Stach, E. A.; Sumanasekera, G. U. Preferential Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Metallic Conductivity Science 2009, 326, 116-120
11. Chiang, W.-H.; Sankaran, R. M. Linking Catalyst Composition to Chirality Distributions of as-Grown Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Tuning Nixfe1-X Nanoparticles Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 1-5
12. Hofmann, S.; Csányi, G.; Ferrari, A. C.; Payne, M. C.; Robertson, J. Surface Diffusion: The Low Activation Energy Path for Nanotube Growth Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 036101
13. Rao, R.; Liptak, D.; Cherukuri, T.; Yakobson, B. I.; Maruyama, B. In Situ Evidence for Chirality-Dependent Growth Rates of Individual Carbon Nanotubes Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 1-4
14. Picher, M.; Anglaret, E.; Arenal, R.; Jourdain, V. Self-Deactivation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth Studied by in Situ Raman Measurements Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 542-547
15. Li-Pook-Than, A.; Lefebvre, J.; Finnie, P. Phases of Carbon Nanotube Growth and Population Evolution from in Situ Raman Spectroscopy During Chemical Vapor Deposition J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 11018-11025
16. Chiashi, S.; Murakami, Y.; Miyauchi, Y.; Maruyama, S. Cold Wall CVD Generation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and in Situ Raman Scattering Measurements of the Growth Stage Chem. Phys. Lett. 2004, 386, 89-94
17. Einarsson, E.; Murakami, Y.; Kadowaki, M.; Maruyama, S. Growth Dynamics of Vertically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from in Situ Measurements Carbon 2008, 46, 923-930
18. 2 Substrate by in Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 449, 309-313
19. Jiang, A.; Awasthi, N.; Kolmogorov, A. N.; Setyawan, W.; Börjesson, A.; Bolton, K.; Harutyunyan, A. R.; Curtarolo, S. Theoretical Study of the Thermal Behavior of Free and Alumina-Supported Fe-C Nanoparticles Phys. Rev. B 2007, 75, 205426
20. Harutyunyan, A. R.; Mora, E.; Tokune, T.; Bolton, K.; Rosén, A.; Jiang, A.; Awasthi, N.; Curtarolo, S. Hidden Features of the Catalyst Nanoparticles Favorable for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90, 3120
21. Amama, P. B.; Pint, C. L.; McJilton, L.; Kim, S. M.; Stach, E. A.; Murray, P. T.; Hauge, R. H.; Maruyama, B. Role of Water in Super Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Carpets Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 44-49
22. Puretzky, A. A.; Geohegan, D. B.; Jesse, S.; Ivanov, I. N.; Eres, G. In Situ Measurements and Modeling of Carbon Nanotube Array Growth Kinetics During Chemical Vapor Deposition Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2005, 81, 223-240
23. Yamada, T.; Maigne, A.; Yudasaka, M.; Mizuno, K.; Futaba, D. N.; Yumura, M.; Iijima, S.; Hata, K. Revealing the Secret of Water-Assisted Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Microscopic Observation of the Interaction of Water on the Catalysts Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 4288-4292
24. Kim, S. M.; Pint, C. L.; Amama, P. B.; Zakharov, D. N.; Hauge, R. H.; Maruyama, B.; Stach, E. A. Evolution in Catalyst Morphology Leads to Carbon Nanotube Growth Termination J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 918-922
25. Kamat, P. V. Graphene-Based Nanoarchitectures. Anchoring Semiconductor and Metal Nanoparticles on a Two-Dimensional Carbon Support J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2009, 1, 520-527
26. Picher, M.; Anglaret, E.; Arenal, R.; Jourdain, V. Processes Controlling the Diameter Distribution of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes During Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition ACS Nano 2011, 5, 2118-2125
27. 2 Diffusion Barriers Small 2006, 2, 902-909
28. 2/Si Patterns Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 561-564
29. Binary Alloy Phase Diagams, 2 nd ed.; Massalski, T. B.; Okamoto, H., Eds.; ASM International Materials: Park, OH, 1990.
30. Jorio, A.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Saito, R. Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Related Systems: Carbon Nanotubes, Nanographite and Graphene; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 2011.
31. Rao, R.; Menendez, J.; Poweleit, C. D.; Rao, A. M. Anharmonic Phonon Lifetimes in Carbon Nanotubes: Evidence for a One-Dimensional Phonon Decay Bottleneck Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99, 047403-047404
32. Jorio, A.; Fantini, C.; Dantas, M.; Pimenta, M.; Souza Filho, A.; Samsonidze, G.; Brar, V.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M.; Swan, A. et al. Linewidth of the Raman Features of Individual Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 115411
33. Goldberg, D.; Belton, G. The Diffusion of Carbon in Iron-Carbon Alloys at 1560 C Met. Mater. Trans. B 1974, 5, 1643-1648
34. Tibbetts, G. G. Diffusivity of Carbon in Iron and Steels at High Temperatures J. Appl. Phys. 1980, 51, 4813-4816
35. 2 Nanoparticles J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6575-6578
36. Harutyunyan, A. R.; Awasthi, N.; Jiang, A.; Setyawan, W.; Mora, E.; Tokune, T.; Bolton, K.; Curtarolo, S. Reduced Carbon Solubility in Fe Nanoclusters and Implications for the Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 195502
37. Diarra, M.; Zappelli, A.; Amara, H.; Ducastelle, F.; Bichara, C. Importance of Carbon Solubility and Wetting Properties of Nickel Nanoparticles for Single Wall Nanotube Growth Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 109, 185501
38. Hart, T.; Aggarwal, R.; Lax, B. Temperature Dependence of Raman Scattering in Silicon Phys. Rev. B 1970, 1, 638-642