Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in liver of Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)

Chemosphere

Volumn 91, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 222-228

  Strid, Anna ^a   Bruhn, Christoffer ^a   Sverko, Ed ^b   Svavarsson, Jörundur ^c   Tomy, Gregg ^d   Bergman, Åke ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^d FRESHWATER INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

1,2 Bis(2,4,6 tribromophenoxy)ethane; 2,3,5,6 Tetrabromo p xylene; Chlorinated paraffins; Iceland; Non PBDE flame retardants; Pentabromoethylbenzene

Indexed keywords

ETHANE; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;

1 ,2-BIS(2 ,4 ,6-TRIBROMOPHENOXY) ETHANE; 2,3,5,6-TETRABROMO-P-XYLENE; CHLORINATED PARAFFINS; ICELANDS; PENTABROMOETHYLBENZENE;

FLAME RETARDANTS;

1,2 BIS(2,4,6 TRIBROMOPHENOXY)ETHANE; 2,3,5,6 TETRABROMO 4 XYLENE; BROMINE; CHLORINE; FLAME RETARDANT; PARAFFIN; PENTABROMOETHYLBENZENE; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER; SHORT CHAINED CHLORINATED PARAFFIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; PBDE; SHARK; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; GREENLAND; ICELAND; LIVER; NONHUMAN; POLLUTION; SHARK; SOMNIOSUS MICROCEPHALUS;

ICELAND;

CHONDRICHTHYES; SOMNIOSUS MICROCEPHALUS;

EID: 84874223088     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: 18791298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.059     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Ballschmiter K., Mennel A., Buyten J. Long chain alkyl-polysiloxanes as non-polar stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1993, 346:396-402.
2. Bergman Å., Ryden A., Law R.J., de Boer J., Covaci A., Alaee M., Birnbaum L., Petreas M., Rose M., Sakai S., Van den Eede N., van der Veen I. A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals. Environ. Int. 2012, 49:57-82.
3. Byer, J.D., Alaee, M., Brown, S.R., Lebeuf, M., Trottier, S., Backus, S., Blunt, S., Keir, M., Konefal, M., Pacepavicius, G., Hodso, P., 2010. Brominated flame retardants in American eel: a reason for the eel's decline? 5th International workshop on brominated flame retardants (BFR 2010), 7-9 April, 2010, Kyoto, Japan.
4. Cortés E. Standardized diet composition and trophic levels of sharks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 1999, 56:707-717.
5. Cox P., Drys G. Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. Off. J. Eur. Union 2003, 37:19-23.
6. Cox P., Efthymiou P. Directive 2003/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of February 6 2003 amending for the 24th time Council Directive 76/669/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether). Off. J. Eur. Union 2003, 42:45-46.
7. Cox P., Matas I Palou J. Directive 2002/45/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of June 2002 amending for the twentieth time Council Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Off. J. Eur. Communities 2002, L177:21-22.
8. Darnerud P.O. Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife. Environ. Int. 2003, 29:841-853.
9. EFSA EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM); scientific opinion on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2011, 9:2156-1-2156-274.
10. EFSA EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM); Scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in food: Brominated phenols and their derivatives. EFSA J. 2012, 10:2634-1-2634-42.
11. EFSA EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM); Scientific opinion on emerging and novel brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in food. EFSA J. 2012, 10:2908-1-2908-125.
12. Environment Canada. 2008. Follow-up report on a PSL 1 assessment for which data were insufficient to conclude whether the substances were toxic to the environment and to the human health: Chlorinated paraffins. Final report. 2008. Existing Substances Branch, Gatineau, Quebec.
13. Feo M.L., Eljarrat E., Barcelo D. Occurrence, fate and analysis of polychlorinated n-alkanes in the environment. Trends Anal. Chem. 2009, 28:778-791.
14. Fisk A.T., Tittlemier S., Pranschke J., Norstrom R.J. Using anthropogenic contaminants and stable isotopes to assess the feeding ecology of Greenland shark. Ecology 2002, 83:2162-2172.
15. Fontaine N., Neyts-Uyttebroeck A. Decision No 2455/2001/EC of the European parliament and of the council of November 2001 establishing the list of priority substances in the field of water policy and amending directive 2000/60/EC. Off. J. Eur. Communities 2001, L331:1-5.
16. Gauthier L.T., Hebert C.E., Weseloh D.V.C., Letcher R.J. Current-use flame retardants in the eggs of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Laurentian Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:4561-4567.
17. Gauthier L.T., Potter D., Hebert C.E., Letcher R.J. Temporal trends and spatial distribution of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the eggs of colonial populations of Great Lakes herring gulls. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:312-317.
18. Great Lakes Chemical Corporation, Report on Firemaster 550. 2004. Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. http://www.pu2pu.com/htdocs/customers/greatlakes/firemaster.htm.
19. Hansen P.M. Tagging experiments with the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch and Schneider)) in Subarea 1 1963, 4. International Commission Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Special Publication, 172-175.
20. Haraguchi K., Hisamichi Y., Kotaki Y., Kato Y., Endo T. Halogenated bipyrroles and methoxylated tetrabromodiphenyl ethers in tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the southern coast of Japan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43:2288-2294.
21. Hoh E., Zhu L., Hites R.A. Novel flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene, in United States' environmental samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:2472-2477.
22. Ismail N., Gewurtz S.B., Pleskach K., Whittle D.M., Helm P.A., Marvin C.H., Tomy G.T. Brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in Lake Ontario, Canada, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) between 1979 and 2004 and possible influences of food-web changes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2009, 28:910-920.
23. Jensen S., Häggberg L., Jörundsdóttir H., Odham G. A quantitative lipid extraction method for residue analysis of fish involving nonhalogenated solvents. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51:5607-5611.
24. Johnson-Restrepo B., Kannan K., Addink R., Adams D.H. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine foodweb of coastal Florida. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:8243-8250.
25. Jörundsdóttir, H., 2009. Temporal and spatial trends of organohalogens in guillemot (Uria aalge) from North western Europe. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University.
26. Karlsson M., Eriksson I., van Bavel B., Jensen J.-K., Dam M. Levels of brominated flame retardants in Northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) eggs from the Faroe Islands. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 367:840-846.
27. Law K., Halldorson T., Danell R., Stern G., Gewurtz S., Alaee M., Marvin C., Whittle M., Tomy G. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of some brominated flame retardants in a Lake Winnipeg (Canada) food web. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25:2177-2186.
28. Lopez P., Brandsma S.A., Leonards P.E.G., de Boer J. Optimization and development of analytical methods for the determination of new brominated flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and suspended particulate matter. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011, 400:871-883.
29. MacNeil M.A., McMeans B.C., Hussey N.E., Vecsei P., Svavarsson J., Kovacs K.M., Lydersen C., Treble M.A., Skomal G.B., Ramsey M., Fisk A.T. Biology of the Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus. J. Fish Biol. 2012, 80:991-1018.
30. McKinney M.A., Letcher R.J., Aars J., Born E.W., Branigan M., Dietz R., Evans T.J., Gabrielsen G.W., Peacock E., Sonne C. Flame retardants and legacy contaminants in polar bears from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland and Svalbard, 2005-2008. Environ. Int. 2011, 37:365-374.
31. 15N, and mercury. Can. J. Aquat. Sci. 2010, 67:1428-1438.
32. örn U., Eriksson L., Jakobsson E., Bergman å. Synthesis and characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ethers - unlabelled and radiolabelled tetra-, penta- and hexa-bromodiphenyl ethers. Acta Chem. Scand. 1996, 50:802-807.
33. Reth M., Ciric A., Christensen G.N., Heimstad E.S., Oehme M. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in biota from the European Arctic - differences in homologue group patterns. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 367:252-260.
34. Salamova A., Hites R.A. Discontinued and alternative brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and precipitation from the Great Lakes Basin. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:8698-8706.
35. Schlabach, M., Remberger, M, Brorström-Lunde'n, E, Norström, K., Kaj, L, Andersson, H, Herzke, D., Borgen, A, and Harju, M. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the Nordic environment. TemaNord 2011:528. 2011. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.
36. Skomal G.B., Benz G.W. Ultrasonic tracking of Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) under Arctic ice. Mar. Biol. 2004, 145:489-498.
37. Strid A., Athanassiadis I., Athanasiadou M., Svavarsson J., Päpke O., Bergman Å. Neutral and phenolic brominated organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin in North-east Atlantic Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010, 29:2653-2659.
38. Strid A., Jörundsdóttir H., Päpke O., Svavarsson J., Bergman Å. Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-east Atlantic. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2007, 54:1514-1522.
39. Sverko E., Tomy G.T., Marvin C.H., Muir D.C.G. Improving quality of environmental measurements on short chain chlorinated paraffins to support global regulatory efforts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:4697-4698.
40. Sverko E., Tomy G.T., Marvin C.H., Zaruk D., Reiner E., Helm P.A., Hill B., McCarry B.E. Dechlorane Plus levels in sediment of the lower Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:361-366.
41. Sverko E., Tomy G.T., Reiner E.J., Li Y.F., McCarry B.E., Arnot J.A., Law R.J., Hites R.A. Dechlorane plus and related compounds in the environment: a review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:5088-5098.
42. Tian M., Chen S.J., Wang J., Shi T., Luo X.J., Mai B.X. Atmospheric deposition of halogenated flame retardants at urban, e-Waste, and rural locations in Southern China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45:4696-4701.
43. Tomy, G.T., Ismail, N., Pleskach, K., Danell, R., Stern, G., 2007. Temporal and spatial trends of brominated and chlorinated flame retardants in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Canadian Arctic. 4th International workshop on brominated flame retardants (BFR 2007), 24-27 April, 2007, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
44. Tomy G.T., Muir D.C.G., Stern G.A., Westmore J.B. Levels of C10-C13 polychloro-n-alkanes in marine mammals from the Arctic and the St. Lawrence River estuary. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34:1615-1619.
45. Tomy G.T., Stern G.A., Muir D.C.G., Fisk A.T., Cymbalisty C.D., Westmore J.B. Quantifying C10-C13 polychloroalkanes in environmental samples by high-resolution gas chromatography/electron capture negative ion high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69:2762-2771.
46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Action Plan. 2009. US EPA. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/pbdes_ap_2009_1230_final.pdf.
47. UNEP, Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 2010. Stockholm Convention. http://chm.pops.int/.
48. Venier M., Ma Y., Hites R.A. Bromobenzene flame retardants in the Great Lakes atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:8653-8660.
49. Verreault J., Gebbink W.A., Gauthier L.T., Gabrielsen G.W., Letcher R.J. Brominated flame retardants in glaucous gulls from the Norwegian Arctic: more than just an issue of polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:4925-4931.
50. Von Recke R., Vetter W. Synthesis and characterization of 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and structurally related compounds evidenced in seal blubber and brain. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41:1590-1595.
51. WHO, 1996. Chlorinated paraffins. Environmental Health Criteria 181. 1996. Geneva, Switzerland.
52. Wu J.P., Guan Y.T., Zhang Y., Luo X.J., Zhi H., Chen S.J., Mai B.X. Trophodynamics of hexabromocyclododecanes and several other non-PBDE brominated flame retardants in a freshwater food web. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44:5490-5495.
53. Yang R., Wei H., Guo J., Li A. Emerging brominated flame retardants in the sediment of the Great Lakes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46:3119-3126.
54. Yano K., Stevens J.D., Compagno L.J.V. Distribution, reproduction and feeding of the Greenland shark Somniosus (Somniosus) microcephalus, with notes on two other sleeper sharks, Somniosus (Somniosus) pacificus and Somniosus (Somniosus) antarcticus. J. Fish Biol. 2007, 70:374-390.