메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 575-608

Lower-crustal xenoliths from Jurassic kimberlite diatremes, Upper Michigan (USA): Evidence for proterozoic orogenesis and plume magmatism in the lower crust of the southern superior province

Author keywords

Continental lithosphere; Geochemistry; Radiogenic isotopes; Xenolith

Indexed keywords

ARCHEAN; GARNET; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GRANULITE; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; JURASSIC; KIMBERLITE; LEAD-LEAD DATING; LOWER CRUST; OROGENY; P-T CONDITIONS; PROTEROZOIC; PROTOLITH; TRACE ELEMENT; XENOLITH;

EID: 84874093689     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: 14602415     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petrology/egs079     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 84880381343 scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic anorogenic granite plutonism of North America
    • Medaris, L. G., Jr., Byers, C. W., Mickelson, D. M. & Shanks, W. C. (eds) Proterozoic Geology: Selected Papers from an International Proterozoic Symposium
    • Anderson, J. L. (1983). Proterozoic anorogenic granite plutonism of North America. In: Medaris, L. G., Jr., Byers, C. W., Mickelson, D. M. & Shanks, W. C. (eds) Proterozoic Geology: Selected Papers from an International Proterozoic Symposium, Geological Society of America, Memoir 161, 133-154.
    • (1983) Geological Society of America, Memoir , vol.161 , pp. 133-154
    • Anderson, J.L.1
  • 2
    • 84879889624 scopus 로고
    • Nd isotopes and the origin of 1·9-1·7 Ga Penokean continental crust of the Lake Superior region
    • Barovich, K. M., Patchett, P. J., Peterman, Z. E. & Sims, P. K. (1989). Nd isotopes and the origin of 1·9-1·7 Ga Penokean continental crust of the Lake Superior region. Geological Society of America Bulletin 101, 333-338.
    • (1989) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 333-338
    • Barovich, K.M.1    Patchett, P.J.2    Peterman, Z.E.3    Sims, P.K.4
  • 3
    • 0025251365 scopus 로고
    • GLIMPCE seismic reflection evidence of deep-crustal and upper-mantle intrusions and magmatic underplating associated with the Midcontinent Rift system of North America
    • Behrendt, J. C., Hutchinson, D. R., Lee, M., Thornber, C. R., Trehu, A., Cannon, A. & Green, A. (1990). GLIMPCE seismic reflection evidence of deep-crustal and upper-mantle intrusions and magmatic underplating associated with the Midcontinent Rift system of North America. Tectonophysics 173, 595-615.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.173 , pp. 595-615
    • Behrendt, J.C.1    Hutchinson, D.R.2    Lee, M.3    Thornber, C.R.4    Trehu, A.5    Cannon, A.6    Green, A.7
  • 4
    • 0030772590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the crust-mantle system
    • Blichert-Toft, J. & Albarède, F. (1997). The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the crust-mantle system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 148, 243-258.
    • (1997) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.148 , pp. 243-258
    • Blichert-Toft, J.1    Albarède, F.2
  • 5
    • 33846314785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-Th-Pb fractionation in Archean lower continental crust: Implications for terrestrial Pb isotope systematics
    • Bolhar, R., Balz, S. K. & Collerson, K. D. (2007). U-Th-Pb fractionation in Archean lower continental crust: Implications for terrestrial Pb isotope systematics. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 254, 127-145.
    • (2007) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.254 , pp. 127-145
    • Bolhar, R.1    Balz, S.K.2    Collerson, K.D.3
  • 6
    • 0027061298 scopus 로고
    • The Midcontinent Rift in the Lake Superior region with emphasis on its geodynamic evolution
    • Cannon, W. F. (1992). The Midcontinent Rift in the Lake Superior region with emphasis on its geodynamic evolution. Tectonophysics 213, 41-48.
    • (1992) Tectonophysics , vol.213 , pp. 41-48
    • Cannon, W.F.1
  • 7
    • 84874025725 scopus 로고
    • The potential for diamond-bearing kimberlite in northern Michigan and Wisconsin
    • Cannon, W. F. & Mudrey, M. G. (1981). The potential for diamond-bearing kimberlite in northern Michigan and Wisconsin. US Geological Survey Circular 842, 15 p.
    • (1981) US Geological Survey Circular , vol.842 , pp. 15
    • Cannon, W.F.1    Mudrey, M.G.2
  • 8
    • 84879888694 scopus 로고
    • Deep crustal structure of the Precambrian basement beneath northern Lake Michigan, Midcontinent North America
    • Cannon, W. F., Lee, M.W., Hinze, W. J., Schulz, K. J. & Green, A. G. (1991). Deep crustal structure of the Precambrian basement beneath northern Lake Michigan, Midcontinent North America. Geology 19, 207-210.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 207-210
    • Cannon, W.F.1    Lee, M.W.2    Hinze, W.J.3    Schulz, K.J.4    Green, A.G.5
  • 9
    • 84874054847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital geologic map and mineral deposits of the Lake Superior region; Minnesota, Wisconsin
    • US Geological Survey Open-File Report, World Wide Web Address
    • Cannon, W. F., Kress, T. H., Sutphin, D. M., Morey, G. B. & Meints, J. (1997). Digital geologic map and mineral deposits of the Lake Superior region; Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan. US Geological Survey Open-File Report, pp. 97-0455, World Wide Web Address: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-455/.
    • (1997) Michigan , pp. 97-0455
    • Cannon, W.F.1    Kress, T.H.2    Sutphin, D.M.3    Morey, G.B.4    Meints, J.5
  • 10
    • 0029536967 scopus 로고
    • Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of lower crustal xenoliths, San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA
    • Chen, W. & Arculus, R. J. (1995). Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of lower crustal xenoliths, San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, USA. Lithos 36, 203-225.
    • (1995) Lithos , vol.36 , pp. 203-225
    • Chen, W.1    Arculus, R.J.2
  • 11
    • 0021351785 scopus 로고
    • Isotope geochemistry of xenoliths from East Africa: implications for development of mantle reservoirs and their interaction
    • Cohen, R. S., O'Nions, R. K. & Dawson, J. B. (1984). Isotope geochemistry of xenoliths from East Africa: implications for development of mantle reservoirs and their interaction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 68, 209-220.
    • (1984) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.68 , pp. 209-220
    • Cohen, R.S.1    O'Nions, R.K.2    Dawson, J.B.3
  • 12
    • 0002224617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mafic crustal xenoliths and the origin of the lower continental crust
    • Condie, K. (1999). Mafic crustal xenoliths and the origin of the lower continental crust. Lithos 46, 95-101.
    • (1999) Lithos , vol.46 , pp. 95-101
    • Condie, K.1
  • 13
    • 0033401732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crust of the Colorado Plateau: new views of an old arc
    • Condie, K. & Selverstone, J. (1998). The crust of the Colorado Plateau: new views of an old arc. Journal of Geology 107, 387-397.
    • (1998) Journal of Geology , vol.107 , pp. 387-397
    • Condie, K.1    Selverstone, J.2
  • 14
    • 0033784925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laurentia-Kalahari collision and the assembly of Rodinia
    • Dalziel, I. W. D., Mosher, S. & Gahagan, L. M. (2000). Laurentia-Kalahari collision and the assembly of Rodinia. Journal of Geology 108, 499-513.
    • (2000) Journal of Geology , vol.108 , pp. 499-513
    • Dalziel, I.W.D.1    Mosher, S.2    Gahagan, L.M.3
  • 15
    • 0030703210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochronology of the North American Midcontinent Rift in western Lake Superior and implications for its geodynamic evolution
    • Davis, D. W. & Green, J. C. (1997). Geochronology of the North American Midcontinent Rift in western Lake Superior and implications for its geodynamic evolution. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, 476-488.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.34 , pp. 476-488
    • Davis, D.W.1    Green, J.C.2
  • 16
    • 0025228124 scopus 로고
    • Time resolution of geologic events on the Keweenaw Peninsula and implications for development of the Midcontinent Rift system
    • Davis, D.W. & Paces, J. B. (1990). Time resolution of geologic events on the Keweenaw Peninsula and implications for development of the Midcontinent Rift system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97, 54-64.
    • (1990) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.97 , pp. 54-64
    • Davis, D.W.1    Paces, J.B.2
  • 17
  • 18
    • 34447297547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-Pb geochronology of the Wolf River batholith, north-central Wisconsin: Evidence for successive magmatism between 1484 Ma and 1468 Ma
    • Dewane, T. J. & Van Schmus, W. R. (2007). U-Pb geochronology of the Wolf River batholith, north-central Wisconsin: Evidence for successive magmatism between 1484 Ma and 1468 Ma. Precambrian Research 157, 215-234.
    • (2007) Precambrian Research , vol.157 , pp. 215-234
    • Dewane, T.J.1    Van Schmus, W.R.2
  • 19
    • 0000508616 scopus 로고
    • Isotope geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks from the Isle of Skye, N.W. Scotland
    • Dickin, A. P. (1981). Isotope geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks from the Isle of Skye, N.W. Scotland. Journal of Petrology 22, 155-189.
    • (1981) Journal of Petrology , vol.22 , pp. 155-189
    • Dickin, A.P.1
  • 20
    • 0005463527 scopus 로고
    • The effect of contact metamorphism on lead in potassium feldspars near the Eldora Stock, Colorado
    • Doe, B. R. & Hart, S. R. (1963). The effect of contact metamorphism on lead in potassium feldspars near the Eldora Stock, Colorado. Journal of Geophysical Research 68, 3521-3530.
    • (1963) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.68 , pp. 3521-3530
    • Doe, B.R.1    Hart, S.R.2
  • 21
    • 0036719967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic zircon ages from lower crustal granulite xenoliths, Kola Peninsula: evidence for crustal growth and reworking
    • Downes, H., Peltonen, P., Mänttäri, I. & Sharkov, E. V. (2002). Proterozoic zircon ages from lower crustal granulite xenoliths, Kola Peninsula: evidence for crustal growth and reworking. Journal of the Geological Society, London 159, 485-488.
    • (2002) Journal of the Geological Society London , vol.159 , pp. 485-488
    • Downes, H.1    Peltonen, P.2    Mänttäri, I.3    Sharkov, E.V.4
  • 22
    • 2442527167 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria
    • Ellis, D. J. & Green, D. H. (1979). An experimental study of the effect of Ca upon garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg exchange equilibria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 71, 13-22.
    • (1979) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.71 , pp. 13-22
    • Ellis, D.J.1    Green, D.H.2
  • 23
    • 0037358162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower crustal granulite xenoliths from Mindszentkálla and Sabarhegy, Western Pannonian Basin, Hungary Part 1: mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and petrology
    • Embey-Isztin, A., Downes, H., Kempton, P. D., Dobosi, G. & Thirlwall, M. (2003). Lower crustal granulite xenoliths from Mindszentkálla and Sabarhegy, Western Pannonian Basin, Hungary, Part 1: mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and petrology. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 144, 652-670.
    • (2003) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.144 , pp. 652-670
    • Embey-Isztin, A.1    Downes, H.2    Kempton, P.D.3    Dobosi, G.4    Thirlwall, M.5
  • 24
    • 0031863324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum igneous complex Namibia. Part 1: Geochemical evidence of Early Cretaceous Tristan plume melts and the role of crustal contamination in the Parana-Etendeka CFB
    • Ewart, A., Milner, S. C., Armstrong, R. A. & Duncan, R. A. (1998). Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum igneous complex, Namibia. Part 1: Geochemical evidence of Early Cretaceous Tristan plume melts and the role of crustal contamination in the Parana-Etendeka CFB. Journal of Petrology 39, 191-225.
    • (1998) Journal of Petrology , vol.39 , pp. 191-225
    • Ewart, A.1    Milner, S.C.2    Armstrong, R.A.3    Duncan, R.A.4
  • 25
    • 0019177481 scopus 로고
    • Stratigraphy and depositional setting of the Sibley Group, Thunder Bay district, Ontario, Canada
    • Franklin, J. M., McIlwaine, W. H., Poulsen, K. H. & Wanless, R. K. (1980). Stratigraphy and depositional setting of the Sibley Group, Thunder Bay district, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 17, 633-651.
    • (1980) Canadian Journal of Earth Science , vol.17 , pp. 633-651
    • Franklin, J.M.1    McIlwaine, W.H.2    Poulsen, K.H.3    Wanless, R.K.4
  • 26
    • 0030831036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced rapakivi-type granites:The tholeiite connection
    • Frost, C. D. & Frost, B. R. (1997). Reduced rapakivi-type granites:The tholeiite connection. Geology 25, 647-650.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 647-650
    • Frost, C.D.1    Frost, B.R.2
  • 27
    • 84880521576 scopus 로고
    • Geology of Keweenawan extrusive rocks
    • Wold, R. J. & Hinze, W. J. (eds) Geological Society of America, Memoirs
    • Green, J. C. (1982). Geology of Keweenawan extrusive rocks. In: Wold, R. J. & Hinze, W. J. (eds) Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin. Geological Society of America, Memoirs 156, 47-55.
    • (1982) Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin , vol.156 , pp. 47-55
    • Green, J.C.1
  • 29
    • 0001622919 scopus 로고
    • Old lead components in the young Bergell Massif, south-east Swiss Alps
    • Gulson, B. L. & Krogh, T. E. (1973). Old lead components in the young Bergell Massif, south-east Swiss Alps. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 40, 239-252.
    • (1973) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.40 , pp. 239-252
    • Gulson, B.L.1    Krogh, T.E.2
  • 31
    • 0029473801 scopus 로고
    • Revealing hidden structures: the application of cathodoluminesecnce and back-scattered electron imaging to dating zircons from lower crustal xenoliths
    • Hanchar, J. M. & Rudnick, R. L. (1995). Revealing hidden structures: the application of cathodoluminesecnce and back-scattered electron imaging to dating zircons from lower crustal xenoliths. Lithos 36, 289-303.
    • (1995) Lithos , vol.36 , pp. 289-303
    • Hanchar, J.M.1    Rudnick, R.L.2
  • 32
    • 0028575012 scopus 로고
    • Evidence from xenoliths for a dynamic lower crust, eastern Mojave Desert, California
    • Hanchar, J. M., Miller, C., Wooden, J. L., Bennett, V. C. & Staude, J. G. (1994). Evidence from xenoliths for a dynamic lower crust, eastern Mojave Desert, California. Journal of Petrology 35, 1377-1415.
    • (1994) Journal of Petrology , vol.35 , pp. 1377-1415
    • Hanchar, J.M.1    Miller, C.2    Wooden, J.L.3    Bennett, V.C.4    Staude, J.G.5
  • 33
    • 0030988884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global mafic magmatism at 2·45 Ga: Remnants of an ancient large igneous province
    • Heaman, L. M. (1997). Global mafic magmatism at 2·45 Ga: Remnants of an ancient large igneous province. Geology 25, 299-302.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 299-302
    • Heaman, L.M.1
  • 35
    • 0029768486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core complex model proposed for gneiss dome development during collapse of the Paleoproterozoic Penokean orogen
    • Holm, D. K. & Lux, D. R. (1996). Core complex model proposed for gneiss dome development during collapse of the Paleoproterozoic Penokean orogen, Minnesota. Geology 24, 343-346.
    • (1996) Minnesota. Geology , vol.24 , pp. 343-346
    • Holm, D.K.1    Lux, D.R.2
  • 37
    • 84879885878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and deformation of Early Proterozoic quartzites in the southern Lake Superior region: implications for extent of foreland deformation during final assembly of Laurentia
    • Holm, D., Schneider, D. & Coath, C. D. (1998). Age and deformation of Early Proterozoic quartzites in the southern Lake Superior region: implications for extent of foreland deformation during final assembly of Laurentia. Geology 26, 907-910.
    • (1998) Geology , vol.26 , pp. 907-910
    • Holm, D.1    Schneider, D.2    Coath, C.D.3
  • 38
    • 34447295373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic metamorphism and cooling in the southern Lake Superior region, North America and its bearing on crustal evolution
    • Holm, D. K., Schneider, D. A., Rose, S., Mancuso, C., McKenzie, M., Foland, K. A. & Hodges, K.V. (2007). Proterozoic metamorphism and cooling in the southern Lake Superior region, North America and its bearing on crustal evolution. Precambrian Research 157, 106-126.
    • (2007) Precambrian Research , vol.157 , pp. 106-126
    • Holm, D.K.1    Schneider, D.A.2    Rose, S.3    Mancuso, C.4    McKenzie, M.5    Foland, K.A.6    Hodges, K.V.7
  • 40
    • 0029528945 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the lithosphere in southern Africa: a perspective on the basic granulite xenoliths from kimberlites in South Africa
    • Huang, Y.-M., Van Calsteren, P. & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1995). The evolution of the lithosphere in southern Africa: a perspective on the basic granulite xenoliths from kimberlites in South Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, 4905-4920.
    • (1995) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.59 , pp. 4905-4920
    • Huang, Y.-M.1    Van Calsteren, P.2    Hawkesworth, C.J.3
  • 41
    • 0025664232 scopus 로고
    • Keweenaw hot spot: geophysical evidence for a 1·1 Ga mantle plume beneath the Midcontinent Rift system
    • Hutchinson, D. R., White, R. S., Cannon, W. F. & Schulz, K. J. (1990). Keweenaw hot spot: geophysical evidence for a 1·1 Ga mantle plume beneath the Midcontinent Rift system. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 10869-10884.
    • (1990) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.95 , pp. 10869-10884
    • Hutchinson, D.R.1    White, R.S.2    Cannon, W.F.3    Schulz, K.J.4
  • 43
    • 76149114018 scopus 로고
    • Michigan kimberlites: an update
    • Chartier, T. (ed.) Michigan Basin Geological Society Geological Excursion, April 30-May 1, 1993, Michigan Basin Geological Society, Lansing, Michigan
    • Jarvis, W. (1993). Michigan kimberlites: an update. In: Chartier, T. (ed.) Diamond Bearing Kimberlite and Related Geology in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Michigan Basin Geological Society Geological Excursion, April 30-May 1, 1993, Michigan Basin Geological Society, Lansing, Michigan, pp. 13-14.
    • (1993) Diamond Bearing Kimberlite and Related Geology in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan , pp. 13-14
    • Jarvis, W.1
  • 44
    • 5544283430 scopus 로고
    • Michigan Kimberlite Province (abstract)
    • Hughes, J., Klasner, J., & Schulz, K. (eds), May 12-13, 1988, Marquette, Michigan, Institute of Lake Superior Geology, USA
    • Jarvis, W. & Kalliokoski, J. (1988). Michigan Kimberlite Province (abstract). In: Hughes, J., Klasner, J., & Schulz, K. (eds), Proceedings of the Institute of Lake Superior Geology, 34th Annual Meeting, May 12-13, 1988, Marquette, Michigan, Institute of Lake Superior Geology, USA, 34(1), 46-48.
    • (1988) Proceedings of the Institute of Lake Superior Geology, 34th Annual Meeting , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-48
    • Jarvis, W.1    Kalliokoski, J.2
  • 45
    • 0026442323 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope evidence for large-scale hybridization of the lower crust during magmatic underplating
    • Kempton, P. D. & Harmon, R. S. (1992). Oxygen isotope evidence for large-scale hybridization of the lower crust during magmatic underplating. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 971-986.
    • (1992) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.56 , pp. 971-986
    • Kempton, P.D.1    Harmon, R.S.2
  • 46
    • 0025601096 scopus 로고
    • Petrology and geochemistry of lower crustal granulites from the Geronimo Volcanic Field, southeastern Arizona
    • Kempton, P. D., Harmon, R. S., Hawkesworth, C. J. & Moorbath, S. (1990). Petrology and geochemistry of lower crustal granulites from the Geronimo Volcanic Field, southeastern Arizona. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54, 3401-3426.
    • (1990) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.54 , pp. 3401-3426
    • Kempton, P.D.1    Harmon, R.S.2    Hawkesworth, C.J.3    Moorbath, S.4
  • 47
    • 0029528191 scopus 로고
    • Petrology and geochemistry of xenoliths from the lower crust of the Northern Baltic Shield: evidence for partial melting and metasomatism in the lower crust beneath an Archean terrane
    • Kempton, P. D., Downes, H., Sharkov, E. V., Vetrin, V. R., Ionov, D. A., Carswell, D. A. & Beard, A. (1995). Petrology and geochemistry of xenoliths from the lower crust of the Northern Baltic Shield: evidence for partial melting and metasomatism in the lower crust beneath an Archean terrane. Lithos 36, 157-184.
    • (1995) Lithos , vol.36 , pp. 157-184
    • Kempton, P.D.1    Downes, H.2    Sharkov, E.V.3    Vetrin, V.R.4    Ionov, D.A.5    Carswell, D.A.6    Beard, A.7
  • 48
    • 0035035072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulite xenoliths from the northern Baltic Shield-the lower crust of a Paleoproterozoic LIP?
    • Kempton, P.D., Downes, H., Neymark, L., Sharkov, E.V. & Zartman, R. E. (2001). Granulite xenoliths from the northern Baltic Shield-the lower crust of a Paleoproterozoic LIP? Journal ofPetrology 42,731-764.
    • (2001) Journal ofPetrology , vol.42 , pp. 731-764
    • Kempton, P.D.1    Downes, H.2    Neymark, L.3    Sharkov, E.V.4    Zartman, R.E.5
  • 49
    • 84879890467 scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric uplift in eastern Gondwana: evidence for a long-lived mantle plume system
    • Kent, R. (1991). Lithospheric uplift in eastern Gondwana: evidence for a long-lived mantle plume system. Geology 19, 19-23.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 19-23
    • Kent, R.1
  • 51
    • 0025957918 scopus 로고
    • Petrology of the Keweenawan Mamainse Point lavas, Ontario: petrogenesis and continental rift evolution
    • Klewin, K. W. & Berg, J. H. (1991). Petrology of the Keweenawan Mamainse Point lavas, Ontario: petrogenesis and continental rift evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research 96, 457-474.
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.96 , pp. 457-474
    • Klewin, K.W.1    Berg, J.H.2
  • 52
    • 24944519485 scopus 로고
    • The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer-a reinterpretation of existing experimental data
    • Krogh, E. J. (1988). The garnet-clinopyroxene Fe-Mg geothermometer-a reinterpretation of existing experimental data. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 99, 44-48.
    • (1988) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.99 , pp. 44-48
    • Krogh, E.J.1
  • 53
    • 84880155340 scopus 로고
    • Early Proterozoic tectonics of the Lake Superior region: Tectonostratigraphic terranes near the purported collision zone
    • Medaris, L. G., Jr. (ed.). Geological Society of America, Memoir
    • Larue, D. K. (1983). Early Proterozoic tectonics of the Lake Superior region: Tectonostratigraphic terranes near the purported collision zone. In: Medaris, L. G., Jr. (ed.). Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region, Geological Society of America, Memoir 160, 33-47.
    • (1983) Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region , vol.160 , pp. 33-47
    • Larue, D.K.1
  • 54
    • 0022264545 scopus 로고
    • Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic compositions of deep crustal xenoliths from the Snake River Plain: evidence for Archean basement
    • Leeman, W. P., Menzies, M. A., Mattey, D. J. & Embree, G. F. (1985). Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic compositions of deep crustal xenoliths from the Snake River Plain: evidence for Archean basement. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 75, 354-368.
    • (1985) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.75 , pp. 354-368
    • Leeman, W.P.1    Menzies, M.A.2    Mattey, D.J.3    Embree, G.F.4
  • 55
    • 0004085423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication 1
    • Ludwig, K. R. (1998). Isoplot/Ex. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication 1, 43 p.
    • (1998) Isoplot/Ex , pp. 43
    • Ludwig, K.R.1
  • 56
    • 0035187323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lower crust of SE Belarus; petrological, geophysical and geochemical constraints from xenoliths
    • Markwick, A. J.W., Downes, H. & Veretennikov, N. (2001). The lower crust of SE Belarus; petrological, geophysical and geochemical constraints from xenoliths. Tectonophysics 339, 215-237.
    • (2001) Tectonophysics , vol.339 , pp. 215-237
    • Markwick, A.J.W.1    Downes, H.2    Veretennikov, N.3
  • 57
    • 0030881222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dome-and-keel provinces formed during Paleoproterozoic orogenic collapse-core complexes, diapirs, or neither?: Examples from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero and the Penokean orogen
    • Marshak, S., Tinkham, D., Alkmim, F., Brueckner, H. & Bornhorst, T. J. (1997). Dome-and-keel provinces formed during Paleoproterozoic orogenic collapse-core complexes, diapirs, or neither?: Examples from the Quadrilátero Ferrífero and the Penokean orogen. Geology 25, 415-418.
    • (1997) Geology , vol.25 , pp. 415-418
    • Marshak, S.1    Tinkham, D.2    Alkmim, F.3    Brueckner, H.4    Bornhorst, T.J.5
  • 58
    • 0021366443 scopus 로고
    • The Lake Ellen kimberlite, Michigan, U.S.A
    • Kornprobst, J. (ed.) Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • McGee, E. S. & Hearn, B. C. (1984). The Lake Ellen kimberlite, Michigan, U.S.A. In: Kornprobst, J. (ed.) Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 143-154.
    • (1984) Kimberlites I: Kimberlites and Related Rocks , pp. 143-154
    • McGee, E.S.1    Hearn, B.C.2
  • 59
    • 0030918426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of discordant U-Pb zircon ages: an evaluation
    • Mezger, K. & Krogstad, E. J. (1997). Interpretation of discordant U-Pb zircon ages: an evaluation. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 15, 127-140.
    • (1997) Journal of Metamorphic Geology , vol.15 , pp. 127-140
    • Mezger, K.1    Krogstad, E.J.2
  • 60
    • 0031350119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic zircon growth in Archean lower crustal xenoliths, southern Superior craton-a consequence of Matachewan ocean opening
    • Moser, D. E. & Heaman, L. M. (1997). Proterozoic zircon growth in Archean lower crustal xenoliths, southern Superior craton-a consequence of Matachewan ocean opening. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 128, 164-175.
    • (1997) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.128 , pp. 164-175
    • Moser, D.E.1    Heaman, L.M.2
  • 61
    • 0022876173 scopus 로고
    • Crystal-chemical evaluation of garnet and omphacite microprobe analyses: its bearing on the classification of eclogites
    • Mottana, A. (1986). Crystal-chemical evaluation of garnet and omphacite microprobe analyses: its bearing on the classification of eclogites. Lithos 19, 171-186.
    • (1986) Lithos , vol.19 , pp. 171-186
    • Mottana, A.1
  • 62
    • 84955206671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) and Lu from rock samples for MC-ICPMS measurements
    • Paper number 2001GC000183
    • Münker, C., Weyer, S., Scherer, E. & Mezger, K. (2001). Separation of high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf) and Lu from rock samples for MC-ICPMS measurements. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2, Paper number 2001GC000183.
    • (2001) Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , vol.2
    • Münker, C.1    Weyer, S.2    Scherer, E.3    Mezger, K.4
  • 63
    • 0042347273 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and isotope characteristics of deep crustal xenoliths fromTule Tank, San Francisco Volcanic Field, northern Arizona
    • Karlstrom, K. E. (ed.)
    • Nealey, L. D. & Unruh, D. M. (1991). Geochemistry and isotope characteristics of deep crustal xenoliths fromTule Tank, San Francisco Volcanic Field, northern Arizona. In: Karlstrom, K. E. (ed.) Proterozoic Geology and Ore Deposits of Arizona. Arizona Geological Society Digest 19, 153-163.
    • (1991) Proterozoic Geology and Ore Deposits of Arizona. Arizona Geological Society Digest , vol.19 , pp. 153-163
    • Nealey, L.D.1    Unruh, D.M.2
  • 64
    • 0019897789 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic calibration of geobarometers based on the assemblages garnet-plagioclase-orthopyroxene (clinopyroxene) -quartz
    • Newton, R. C. & Perkins, D., III (1982). Thermodynamic calibration of geobarometers based on the assemblages garnet-plagioclase-orthopyroxene (clinopyroxene) -quartz. American Mineralogist 67, 203-222.
    • (1982) American Mineralogist , vol.67 , pp. 203-222
    • Newton, R.C.1    Perkins III, D.2
  • 65
    • 0025682428 scopus 로고
    • Midcontinent Rift volcanism in the Lake Superior Region: Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic evidence for a mantle plume origin
    • Nicholson, S.W. & Shirey, S. B. (1990). Midcontinent Rift volcanism in the Lake Superior Region: Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic evidence for a mantle plume origin. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 10854-10868.
    • (1990) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.95 , pp. 10854-10868
    • Nicholson, S.W.1    Shirey, S.B.2
  • 66
    • 0032584796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry: insights into the depleted mantle
    • Nowell, G. M., Kempton, P. D., Noble, S. R., Fitton, J. G., Saunders, A. D., Mahoney, J. J. & Taylor, R. N. (1998). High precision Hf isotope measurements of MORB and OIB by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry: insights into the depleted mantle. Chemical Geology 149, 211-233.
    • (1998) Chemical Geology , vol.149 , pp. 211-233
    • Nowell, G.M.1    Kempton, P.D.2    Noble, S.R.3    Fitton, J.G.4    Saunders, A.D.5    Mahoney, J.J.6    Taylor, R.N.7
  • 67
    • 0024932662 scopus 로고
    • Non-depleted sub-continental mantle beneath the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield: Nd-Sr isotopic and trace element evidence from Midcontinent Rift basalts
    • Paces, J. B. & Bell, K. (1989). Non-depleted sub-continental mantle beneath the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield: Nd-Sr isotopic and trace element evidence from Midcontinent Rift basalts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, 2023-2035.
    • (1989) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.53 , pp. 2023-2035
    • Paces, J.B.1    Bell, K.2
  • 68
    • 17544390968 scopus 로고
    • Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1·1 Ga Midcontinent Rift system
    • Paces, J. B. & Miller, J. D., Jr (1993). Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth Complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1·1 Ga Midcontinent Rift system. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 13997-14013.
    • (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.98 , pp. 13997-14013
    • Paces, J.B.1    Miller Jr., J.D.2
  • 69
    • 84874084082 scopus 로고
    • Petrography, mineral chemistry and geothermobarometry of mafic granulites and eclogite nodules from Upper Michigan kimberlites (abstract)
    • Kissin, S.A. (ed), Institute on Lake Superior Geology
    • Paces, J. B. & Taylor, L. A. (1990). Petrography, mineral chemistry and geothermobarometry of mafic granulites and eclogite nodules from Upper Michigan kimberlites (abstract). In: Kissin, S.A. (ed), Proceedings, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, 36th Annual Meeting, May 9-12, 1990, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, 36, part 1, 82-84.
    • (1990) Proceedings, Institute on Lake Superior Geology, 36th Annual Meeting, May 9-12, 1990, Thunder Bay, Ontario , vol.36 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 82-84
    • Paces, J.B.1    Taylor, L.A.2
  • 70
    • 84874049712 scopus 로고
    • Pb isotopic evidence for multiple episodes of lower crustal growth and modification in granulite nodules from the Superior Province, Michigan (abstract)
    • Paces, J. B., Zartman, R. E., Taylor, L. A., Futa, K. & Kwak, L. M. (1990). Pb isotopic evidence for multiple episodes of lower crustal growth and modification in granulite nodules from the Superior Province, Michigan (abstract). Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs 22, A119.
    • (1990) Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs , vol.22
    • Paces, J.B.1    Zartman, R.E.2    Taylor, L.A.3    Futa, K.4    Kwak, L.M.5
  • 71
    • 0023466601 scopus 로고
    • Paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of volcanic rocks from Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior. Canada: precise calibration of the Keweenawan polar wander track
    • Palmer, H. C. & Davis, D.W. (1987). Paleomagnetism and U-Pb geochronology of volcanic rocks from Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior, Canada: precise calibration of the Keweenawan polar wander track. Precambrian Research 37, 157-171.
    • (1987) Precambrian Research , vol.37 , pp. 157-171
    • Palmer, H.C.1    Davis, D.W.2
  • 72
    • 0022926811 scopus 로고
    • Nd isotopes and tectonics of 1·9-1·7 Ga crustal genesis
    • Patchett, P. J. & Arndt, N. T. (1986). Nd isotopes and tectonics of 1·9-1·7 Ga crustal genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 78, 329-338.
    • (1986) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.78 , pp. 329-338
    • Patchett, P.J.1    Arndt, N.T.2
  • 74
    • 0022845190 scopus 로고
    • A protracted Archean history in the Watersmeet gneiss dome, northern Michigan
    • Peterman, Z. E., Zartman, R. E. & Sims, P. K. (1986). A protracted Archean history in the Watersmeet gneiss dome, northern Michigan. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1622, 51-64.
    • (1986) US Geological Survey Bulletin , vol.1622 , pp. 51-64
    • Peterman, Z.E.1    Zartman, R.E.2    Sims, P.K.3
  • 75
    • 0022265671 scopus 로고
    • Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/barometer calibration: the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer revisited
    • Powell, R. (1985). Regression diagnostics and robust regression in geothermometer/barometer calibration: the garnet-clinopyroxene geothermometer revisited. Journal ofMetamorphic Geology 3, 231-243.
    • (1985) Journal ofMetamorphic Geology , vol.3 , pp. 231-243
    • Powell, R.1
  • 76
    • 0023815234 scopus 로고
    • An internally consistent dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 3. Applications to geobarometry, worked examples and a computer program
    • Powell, R. & Holland, T. J. B. (1988). An internally consistent dataset with uncertainties and correlations: 3. Applications to geobarometry, worked examples and a computer program. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 6, 173-204.
    • (1988) Journal of Metamorphic Geology , vol.6 , pp. 173-204
    • Powell, R.1    Holland, T.J.B.2
  • 77
    • 0020429164 scopus 로고
    • Proterozoic age and cumulate origin for granulite xenoliths, Lesotho
    • Rogers, N.W. & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1982). Proterozoic age and cumulate origin for granulite xenoliths, Lesotho. Nature 299, 409-413.
    • (1982) Nature , vol.299 , pp. 409-413
    • Rogers, N.W.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2
  • 78
    • 0034668271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the extent and nature of Mazatzal-related overprinting of the Penokean orogenic belt in the southern Lake Superior region, north-central USA
    • Romano, D., Holm, D. K. & Foland, K. A. (2000). Determining the extent and nature of Mazatzal-related overprinting of the Penokean orogenic belt in the southern Lake Superior region, north-central USA. Precambrian Research 104, 25-46.
    • (2000) Precambrian Research , vol.104 , pp. 25-46
    • Romano, D.1    Holm, D.K.2    Foland, K.A.3
  • 80
    • 0029471851 scopus 로고
    • Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective
    • Rudnick, R. L. & Fountain, D. M. (1995). Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective. Reviews in Geophysics 33, 267-309.
    • (1995) Reviews in Geophysics , vol.33 , pp. 267-309
    • Rudnick, R.L.1    Fountain, D.M.2
  • 81
    • 0003120728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth, annealing and recrystallization of zircon and preservation of monazite in high-grade metamorphism: conventional and in-situ U-Pb isotope, cathodoluminescence and microchemical evidence
    • Schaltegger, U., Fanning, C. M., Günther, D., Maurin, J. C., Schulmann, K. & Gebauer, D. (1999). Growth, annealing and recrystallization of zircon and preservation of monazite in high-grade metamorphism: conventional and in-situ U-Pb isotope, cathodoluminescence and microchemical evidence. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134, 186-201.
    • (1999) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.134 , pp. 186-201
    • Schaltegger, U.1    Fanning, C.M.2    Günther, D.3    Maurin, J.C.4    Schulmann, K.5    Gebauer, D.6
  • 82
    • 0035958647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock
    • Scherer, E., Munker, C. & Mezger, K. (2001). Calibration of the lutetium-hafnium clock. Science 293, 683-687.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 683-687
    • Scherer, E.1    Munker, C.2    Mezger, K.3
  • 83
    • 0035072885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of U-Pb zircon dates in lower crustal xenoliths from the southwestern margin of the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa
    • Schmitz, M. D. & Bowring, S. A. (2000). The significance of U-Pb zircon dates in lower crustal xenoliths from the southwestern margin of the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa. Chemical Geology 172, 59-76.
    • (2000) Chemical Geology , vol.172 , pp. 59-76
    • Schmitz, M.D.1    Bowring, S.A.2
  • 84
    • 0030449761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the origin of Early Proterozoic gneiss domes and metamorphic nodes, northern Michigan
    • Schneider, D., Holm, D. & Lux, D. (1996). On the origin of Early Proterozoic gneiss domes and metamorphic nodes, northern Michigan. CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences 33, 1053-1063.
    • (1996) CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences , vol.33 , pp. 1053-1063
    • Schneider, D.1    Holm, D.2    Lux, D.3
  • 85
    • 34447324384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Penokean orogeny in the Lake Superior region
    • Schulz, K. J. & Cannon, W. F. (2007). The Penokean orogeny in the Lake Superior region. Precambrian Research 157, 4-25.
    • (2007) Precambrian Research , vol.157 , pp. 4-25
    • Schulz, K.J.1    Cannon, W.F.2
  • 86
    • 0032766334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenolithic evidence for Proterozoic crustal evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau
    • Selverstone, J., Pun, A. & Condie, K. C. (1999). Xenolithic evidence for Proterozoic crustal evolution beneath the Colorado Plateau. Geological Society of America Bulletin 111, 590-606.
    • (1999) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.111 , pp. 590-606
    • Selverstone, J.1    Pun, A.2    Condie, K.C.3
  • 87
    • 0028586556 scopus 로고
    • Temporal changes in the sources of flood basalts: Isotopic and trace element evidence from the 1100 Ma old Keweenawan Mamainse Point Formation, Ontario, Canada
    • Shirey, S. B., Klewin, K. W., Berg, J. H. & Carlson, R. W. (1994). Temporal changes in the sources of flood basalts: Isotopic and trace element evidence from the 1100 Ma old Keweenawan Mamainse Point Formation, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 4475-4490.
    • (1994) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.58 , pp. 4475-4490
    • Shirey, S.B.1    Klewin, K.W.2    Berg, J.H.3    Carlson, R.W.4
  • 88
    • 0019109165 scopus 로고
    • Boundary between Archean greenstone and gneiss terranes in northernWisconsin and Michigan
    • Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Geological Society of America, Special Papers
    • Sims, P. K. (1980). Boundary between Archean greenstone and gneiss terranes in northernWisconsin and Michigan. In: Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield. Geological Society of America, Special Papers 182, 113-124.
    • (1980) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield , vol.182 , pp. 113-124
    • Sims, P.K.1
  • 89
    • 84874036796 scopus 로고
    • The Great LakesTectonic Zone-revisited
    • Sims, P. K. & Carter, L. M. H. (eds) US Geological Survey Bulletin 1904-S
    • Sims, P. K. & Day, W. C. (1993). The Great LakesTectonic Zone-revisited. In: Sims, P. K. & Carter, L. M. H. (eds) Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Lake Superior Region. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1904-S, S1-S11.
    • (1993) Contributions to Precambrian Geology of Lake Superior Region
    • Sims, P.K.1    Day, W.C.2
  • 90
    • 0002872016 scopus 로고
    • Lake Superior Region, Introduction
    • Sims, P. K. & Anderson, J. L. et al. (eds) Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America
    • Sims, P. K. & Morey, G. B. (1993). Lake Superior Region, Introduction. In: Sims, P. K. & Anderson, J. L. et al. (eds) The Geology of North America, Vol. C-2. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, pp. 11-18.
    • (1993) The Geology of North America , vol.C2 , pp. 11-18
    • Sims, P.K.1    Morey, G.B.2
  • 91
    • 0019102884 scopus 로고
    • Geology and Rb-Sr age of lower Proterozoic granitic rocks, northernWisconsin
    • Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Geological Society of America, Special Papers
    • Sims, P. K. & Peterman, Z. E. (1980). Geology and Rb-Sr age of lower Proterozoic granitic rocks, northernWisconsin. In: Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield. Geological Society of America, Special Papers 182, 139-146.
    • (1980) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield , vol.182 , pp. 139-146
    • Sims, P.K.1    Peterman, Z.E.2
  • 92
    • 84880180919 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Penokean foldbelt, Lake Superior region, and its tectonic environment
    • Medaris, L. G., Jr (ed.) Geological Society of America, Memoirs
    • Sims, P. K. & Peterman, Z. E. (1983). Evolution of the Penokean foldbelt, Lake Superior region, and its tectonic environment. In: Medaris, L. G., Jr (ed.) Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region. Geological Society of America, Memoirs 160, 3-14.
    • (1983) Early Proterozoic Geology of the Great Lakes Region , vol.160 , pp. 3-14
    • Sims, P.K.1    Peterman, Z.E.2
  • 94
    • 0024937143 scopus 로고
    • Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean orogen
    • Sims, P. K., Van Schmus, W. R., Schulz, K. J. & Peterman, Z. E. (1989). Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Early Proterozoic Wisconsin magmatic terranes of the Penokean orogen. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, 2145-2158.
    • (1989) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.26 , pp. 2145-2158
    • Sims, P.K.1    Van Schmus, W.R.2    Schulz, K.J.3    Peterman, Z.E.4
  • 95
    • 84874068934 scopus 로고
    • Greenstone-granite terrane
    • Sims, P. K. & Anderson, J. L. et al. (eds) Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America
    • Southwick, D. L., Schulz, K. J., Ojakangas, R. W., Bauer, R. L., Shirey, S. B. & Hanson, G. N. (1993). Greenstone-granite terrane. In: Sims, P. K. & Anderson, J. L. et al. (eds) The Geology of North America, Vol. C-2. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, pp. 18-30.
    • (1993) The Geology of North America , pp. 18-30
    • Southwick, D.L.1    Schulz, K.J.2    Ojakangas, R.W.3    Bauer, R.L.4    Shirey, S.B.5    Hanson, G.N.6
  • 96
    • 49549142956 scopus 로고
    • Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model
    • Stacey, J. S. & Kramers, J. D. (1975). Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope evolution by a two-stage model. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 26, 207-221.
    • (1975) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.26 , pp. 207-221
    • Stacey, J.S.1    Kramers, J.D.2
  • 97
    • 0024939253 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes
    • Saunders, A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds) Geological Society, London, Special Publications
    • Sun, S-S. & McDonough, W. F. (1989). Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders, A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, 313-346.
    • (1989) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins , vol.42 , pp. 313-346
    • Sun, S.-S.1    McDonough, W.F.2
  • 99
    • 34447327250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LatePalaeoproterozoic (geon18 and17) reactivation of the Neoarchean Great Lakes Tectonic Zone, northern Michigan, USA: Evidence from kinematic analysis, thermobarometry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology
    • Tohver, E., Holm, D. K., van der Pluijm, B. A., Essene, E. J. & Cambray, F.W. (2007). LatePalaeoproterozoic (geon18 and17) reactivation of the Neoarchean Great Lakes Tectonic Zone, northern Michigan, USA: Evidence from kinematic analysis, thermobarometry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. PrecambrianResearch 157,144-168.
    • (2007) PrecambrianResearch , vol.157 , pp. 144-168
    • Tohver, E.1    Holm, D.K.2    van der Pluijm, B.A.3    Essene, E.J.4    Cambray, F.W.5
  • 100
    • 84874084768 scopus 로고
    • Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Open-file Report UDOE OFR GJBX-162(79), Geological Survey Division of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan
    • Trow, J. (1979). Final report diamond drilling for geologic information in the Middle Precambrian basins in the western portion of northern Michigan. Geological Survey Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Open-file Report UDOE OFR GJBX-162(79), Geological Survey Division of Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan.
    • (1979) Final report diamond drilling for geologic information in the Middle Precambrian basins in the western portion of northern Michigan
    • Trow, J.1
  • 102
    • 0019096130 scopus 로고
    • Chronology of igneous rocks associated with the Penokean orogeny in Wisconsin
    • Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Geological Society of America, Special Papers
    • Van Schmus, W. R. (1980). Chronology of igneous rocks associated with the Penokean orogeny in Wisconsin. In: Morey, G. B. & Hanson, G. N. (eds) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield. Geological Society of America, Special Papers 182, 159-168.
    • (1980) Selected Studies of Archean Gneisses and Lower Proterozoic Rocks, Southern Canadian Shield , vol.182 , pp. 159-168
    • Van Schmus, W.R.1
  • 105
    • 0001298522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal morphology, habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibolite-to-granulite facies zircons: geochronology of the Ivrea Zone (Southern Alps)
    • Vavra, G., Schmid, R. & Gebauer, D. (1999). Internal morphology, habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibolite-to-granulite facies zircons: geochronology of the Ivrea Zone (Southern Alps). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134, 380-404.
    • (1999) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.134 , pp. 380-404
    • Vavra, G.1    Schmid, R.2    Gebauer, D.3
  • 106
    • 34447323052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The magmatic evolution of the Midcontinent Rift; new geochronologic and geochemical evidence from felsic magmatism
    • Vervoort, J. D., Wirth, K., Kennedy, B., Sandland, T. & Harpp, K. S. (2007). The magmatic evolution of the Midcontinent Rift; new geochronologic and geochemical evidence from felsic magmatism. Precambrian Research 157, 235-268.
    • (2007) Precambrian Research , vol.157 , pp. 235-268
    • Vervoort, J.D.1    Wirth, K.2    Kennedy, B.3    Sandland, T.4    Harpp, K.S.5
  • 107
    • 84880556978 scopus 로고
    • Keweenawan intrusive igneous rocks
    • Wold, R. J. & Hinze, W. J. (eds) Geological Society of America, Memoirs
    • Weiblen, P. W. (1982). Keweenawan intrusive igneous rocks. In: Wold, R. J. & Hinze, W. J. (eds) Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin. Geological Society of America, Memoirs 156, 57-82.
    • (1982) Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin , vol.156 , pp. 57-82
    • Weiblen, P.W.1
  • 108
    • 84870818540 scopus 로고
    • The Midcontinent Rift system
    • Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America
    • Weiblen, P.W. (1993). The Midcontinent Rift system. In: Sims, P. K. & Anderson, J. L. et al. (eds) The Geology of North America, Vol. C-2. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, pp. 72-93.
    • (1993) The Geology of North America , vol.C2 , pp. 72-93
    • Weiblen, P.W.1
  • 109
    • 33749724236 scopus 로고
    • Pyroxene thermometry in simple and complex systems
    • Wells, P. R. A. (1977). Pyroxene thermometry in simple and complex systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 62, 129-139.
    • (1977) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.62 , pp. 129-139
    • Wells, P.R.A.1
  • 110
    • 0027388054 scopus 로고
    • Nd and Sr isotope chronostratigraphy of Colorado Plateau lithosphere: implications for magmatic and tectonic underplating of the continental crust
    • Wendlandt, E., DePaolo, D. J. & Baldridge, W. S. (1993). Nd and Sr isotope chronostratigraphy of Colorado Plateau lithosphere: implications for magmatic and tectonic underplating of the continental crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 16, 23-42.
    • (1993) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.16 , pp. 23-42
    • Wendlandt, E.1    DePaolo, D.J.2    Baldridge, W.S.3
  • 111
    • 0030696061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mantle temperature and lithospheric thinning beneath the Midcontinent Rift System; evidence from magmatism and subsidence
    • White, R. S. (1997). Mantle temperature and lithospheric thinning beneath the Midcontinent Rift System; evidence from magmatism and subsidence. CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences 34, 464-475.
    • (1997) CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences , vol.34 , pp. 464-475
    • White, R.S.1
  • 112
    • 38549158079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tectonic model for the Proterozoic growth of North America
    • Whitmeyer, S. J. & Karlstrom, K. E. (2007). Tectonic model for the Proterozoic growth of North America. Geosphere 3, 220-259.
    • (2007) Geosphere , vol.3 , pp. 220-259
    • Whitmeyer, S.J.1    Karlstrom, K.E.2
  • 113
    • 0002456820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe
    • McKibben, M. A., Shanks, W. C., III & Ridley, W. I. (eds) Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists
    • Williams, I. S. (1998). U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. In: McKibben, M. A., Shanks, W. C., III & Ridley, W. I. (eds) Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes. Littleton, CO: Society of Economic Geologists, pp. 1-35.
    • (1998) Applications of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes , pp. 1-35
    • Williams, I.S.1
  • 114
    • 0006536119 scopus 로고
    • Garnet-orthopyroxene and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene relationships in simple and complex systems
    • Wood, B. J. & Banno, S. (1973). Garnet-orthopyroxene and orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene relationships in simple and complex systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 42, 109-124.
    • (1973) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.42 , pp. 109-124
    • Wood, B.J.1    Banno, S.2
  • 115
    • 0000732257 scopus 로고
    • The isotopic composition of lead in potassium feldspars from some 1·0-b.y. old North American igneous rocks
    • Zartman, R. E. & Wasserburg, G. J. (1969). The isotopic composition of lead in potassium feldspars from some 1·0-b.y. old North American igneous rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 901-942.
    • (1969) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.33 , pp. 901-942
    • Zartman, R.E.1    Wasserburg, G.J.2
  • 116
    • 0030665222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U-Th-Pb zircon ages of some Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior
    • Zartman, R. E., Nicholson, S. W., Cannon, W. F. & Morey, G. B. (1997). U-Th-Pb zircon ages of some Keweenawan Supergroup rocks from the south shore of Lake Superior. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, 549-561.
    • (1997) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences , vol.34 , pp. 549-561
    • Zartman, R.E.1    Nicholson, S.W.2    Cannon, W.F.3    Morey, G.B.4
  • 117
    • 0036851649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of global 2·1-1·8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent
    • Zhao, G., Cawood, P. A., Wilde, S. A. & Sun, M. (2002). Review of global 2·1-1·8 Ga orogens: implications for a pre-Rodinia supercontinent. Earth-Science Reviews 59, 125-162. (allwin 79).
    • (2002) Earth-Science Reviews , vol.59 , pp. 125-162
    • Zhao, G.1    Cawood, P.A.2    Wilde, S.A.3    Sun, M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.