메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 191-225

Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia. Part I: Geochemical evidence of early cretaceous Tristan plume melts and the role of crustal contamination in the Paraná-Etendeka CFB

Author keywords

Crustal contamination; Etendeka Paran volcanism; Lower crust; Plume magmas; Three component mixing

Indexed keywords

CRETACEOUS; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; FLOOD BASALT; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; VOLCANISM;

EID: 0031863324     PISSN: 00223530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/petroj/39.2.191     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (178)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0026478631 scopus 로고
    • The role of lithospheric mantle in continental flood volcanism: Thermal and geochemical constraints
    • Arndt, N. T. & Christiansen, U. (1992). The role of lithospheric mantle in continental flood volcanism: thermal and geochemical constraints. Journal of Geophysical Research 97(B7), 10967-10981.
    • (1992) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.97 , Issue.B7 , pp. 10967-10981
    • Arndt, N.T.1    Christiansen, U.2
  • 2
    • 0027802858 scopus 로고
    • Mantle and crustal contributions to continental flood volcanism
    • Arndt, N, T., Czamanske, G. K., Wooden, J. L. & Fedorenko, V. A. (1993). Mantle and crustal contributions to continental flood volcanism. Tectonophysics 223, 39-52.
    • (1993) Tectonophysics , vol.223 , pp. 39-52
    • Arndt, N.T.1    Czamanske, G.K.2    Wooden, J.L.3    Fedorenko, V.A.4
  • 3
    • 0041825077 scopus 로고
    • 39Ar dating studies on rocks from the Serra Geral flood basalt province and the Brazilian continental margin
    • 39Ar dating studies on rocks from the Serra Geral flood basalt province and the Brazilian continental margin (Abstract). EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union 72, 300.
    • (1991) EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union , vol.72 , pp. 300
    • Baksi, A.K.1    Fodor, R.V.2    Farrar, E.3
  • 4
    • 0000048099 scopus 로고
    • Empirical correction factors for the electron microanalysis of silicates and oxides
    • Bence, A. E. & Albee, A. L. (1968). Empirical correction factors for the electron microanalysis of silicates and oxides. Journal of Geology 76, 382-403.
    • (1968) Journal of Geology , vol.76 , pp. 382-403
    • Bence, A.E.1    Albee, A.L.2
  • 5
    • 77957250203 scopus 로고
    • The petrology of Thingmuli, a Tertiary volcano in eastern Iceland
    • Carmichael, I. S. E. (1964). The petrology of Thingmuli, a Tertiary volcano in eastern Iceland. Journal of Petrology 5, 435-460.
    • (1964) Journal of Petrology , vol.5 , pp. 435-460
    • Carmichael, I.S.E.1
  • 6
    • 0024905183 scopus 로고
    • The use of known Fe content as a flux monitor in neutron activation analysis
    • Chappell, B. W. & Hergt, J. M. (1989). The use of known Fe content as a flux monitor in neutron activation analysis. Chemical Geology 78, 151-158.
    • (1989) Chemical Geology , vol.78 , pp. 151-158
    • Chappell, B.W.1    Hergt, J.M.2
  • 7
    • 0345480809 scopus 로고
    • Petrochemistry and age of the Franzfontein granitic rocks of northern south-west Africa
    • Clifford, T. N., Rooke, J. M. & Allsopp, H. L. (1969). Petrochemistry and age of the Franzfontein granitic rocks of northern south-west Africa. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 33, 973-986.
    • (1969) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.33 , pp. 973-986
    • Clifford, T.N.1    Rooke, J.M.2    Allsopp, H.L.3
  • 8
    • 0007652851 scopus 로고
    • Geochronological petrogenetic studies of high-grade metamorphic rocks and intrusives in Namaqualand, South Africa
    • Clifford, T. N., Gronow, J., Rex, D. C. & Burger, A. J. (1975). Geochronological petrogenetic studies of high-grade metamorphic rocks and intrusives in Namaqualand, South Africa. Journal of Petrology 16, 154-188.
    • (1975) Journal of Petrology , vol.16 , pp. 154-188
    • Clifford, T.N.1    Gronow, J.2    Rex, D.C.3    Burger, A.J.4
  • 10
    • 0028861155 scopus 로고
    • A crustal progenitor for the intrusive anorthosite-charnockite kindred of the cupriferous Koperberg suite O'okiep District, Namaqualand, South Africa; new isotope data for the country rocks and the intrusives
    • Clifford, T. N., Barton, E. S., Retief, E. A., Rex, D. C. & Fanning, C. M. (1995). A crustal progenitor for the intrusive anorthosite-charnockite kindred of the cupriferous Koperberg suite O'okiep District, Namaqualand, South Africa; new isotope data for the country rocks and the intrusives. Journal of Petrology 36, 231-258.
    • (1995) Journal of Petrology , vol.36 , pp. 231-258
    • Clifford, T.N.1    Barton, E.S.2    Retief, E.A.3    Rex, D.C.4    Fanning, C.M.5
  • 11
    • 0019899050 scopus 로고
    • The lead, neodymium and strontium isotopic structure of ocean ridge basalts
    • Cohen, R. S. & O'Nions, R. K. (1982). The lead, neodymium and strontium isotopic structure of ocean ridge basalts. Journal of Petrology 23, 299-324.
    • (1982) Journal of Petrology , vol.23 , pp. 299-324
    • Cohen, R.S.1    O'Nions, R.K.2
  • 12
    • 0000837840 scopus 로고
    • U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses
    • Cohen, R. S., Evensen, N. M., Hamilton, P. J. & O'Nions, R. K. (1980). U-Pb, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalt glasses. Nature 283, 149-153.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.283 , pp. 149-153
    • Cohen, R.S.1    Evensen, N.M.2    Hamilton, P.J.3    O'Nions, R.K.4
  • 16
    • 0001217452 scopus 로고
    • The Okahandja lineament and its significance for Damaran tectonics in Namibia
    • Downing, K. N. & Coward, M. P. (1981). The Okahandja lineament and its significance for Damaran tectonics in Namibia. Geologische Rundschau 70, 972-1000.
    • (1981) Geologische Rundschau , vol.70 , pp. 972-1000
    • Downing, K.N.1    Coward, M.P.2
  • 17
    • 0023525087 scopus 로고
    • The Karoo Igneous Province - A problem area for inferring tectonic setting from basalt geochemistry
    • Duncan, A. R. (1987). The Karoo Igneous Province - a problem area for inferring tectonic setting from basalt geochemistry. Journal of Volcanogy and Geothermal Research 32, 13-34.
    • (1987) Journal of Volcanogy and Geothermal Research , vol.32 , pp. 13-34
    • Duncan, A.R.1
  • 20
    • 0019101089 scopus 로고
    • Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic correlation and the chemistry of the North Atlantic mantle
    • Dupré. B. & Allègre, C. J. (1980). Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic correlation and the chemistry of the North Atlantic mantle. Nature 286, 17-22.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 17-22
    • Dupré, B.1    Allègre, C.J.2
  • 22
    • 0000777483 scopus 로고
    • Regional geochemistry of the Lau-Tonga arc and backarc systems
    • Hawkins, J., Parson, L., Allan, J., et al. (eds) College Station, TX: Ocean Drilling Program
    • Ewart, A., Bryan, W. B., Chappell, B. W. & Rudnick, R. L. (1994). Regional geochemistry of the Lau-Tonga arc and backarc systems. In: Hawkins, J., Parson, L., Allan, J., et al. (eds) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results, 135. College Station, TX: Ocean Drilling Program, pp. 385-425.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Scientific Results, 135 , pp. 385-425
    • Ewart, A.1    Bryan, W.B.2    Chappell, B.W.3    Rudnick, R.L.4
  • 23
    • 0031750140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia. Part II: Voluminous quartz latite volcanism of the Awahab magma system
    • Ewart, A., Milner, S. C., Armstrong, R. A. & Duncan, A. R. (1998). Etendeka volcanism of the Goboboseb Mountains and Messum Igneous Complex, Namibia. Part II: Voluminous quartz latite volcanism of the Awahab magma system. Journal of Petrology 39, 227-253
    • (1998) Journal of Petrology , vol.39 , pp. 227-253
    • Ewart, A.1    Milner, S.C.2    Armstrong, R.A.3    Duncan, A.R.4
  • 24
    • 0030423309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petrological models of magma evolution and deep crystal structure beneath hot spots and flood basalt provinces
    • Farnetani, C. G., Richards, M. A. & Ghiorso, M. S. (1996). Petrological models of magma evolution and deep crystal structure beneath hot spots and flood basalt provinces. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 143, 81-94.
    • (1996) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.143 , pp. 81-94
    • Farnetani, C.G.1    Richards, M.A.2    Ghiorso, M.S.3
  • 25
    • 0026311964 scopus 로고
    • Basic magmatism associated with late Cenozoic extension in the western United States: Compositional variations in space and time
    • Fitton, J. G., James, D. & Leeman, W. P. (1991). Basic magmatism associated with late Cenozoic extension in the western United States: compositional variations in space and time. Journal of Geophysical Research 96(B8), 13693-13711.
    • (1991) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.96 , Issue.B8 , pp. 13693-13711
    • Fitton, J.G.1    James, D.2    Leeman, W.P.3
  • 26
    • 0029540152 scopus 로고
    • Description, and petrogenesis of the Parana rhyolites, southern Brazil
    • Garland, F., Hawkesworth, C. J. & Mantovani, M. S. M. (1995). Description, and petrogenesis of the Parana rhyolites, southern Brazil. Journal of Petrology 36, 1193-1227.
    • (1995) Journal of Petrology , vol.36 , pp. 1193-1227
    • Garland, F.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2    Mantovani, M.S.M.3
  • 27
    • 0029475615 scopus 로고
    • High-Ti and Low-Ti mafic potassic magmas: Key to plume-lithosphere interactions and continental flood-basalt genesis
    • Gibson, S. A., Thompson, R. N., Dicken, A. P. & Leonardos, O. H. (1995). High-Ti and Low-Ti mafic potassic magmas: key to plume-lithosphere interactions and continental flood-basalt genesis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 136, 149-165.
    • (1995) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.136 , pp. 149-165
    • Gibson, S.A.1    Thompson, R.N.2    Dicken, A.P.3    Leonardos, O.H.4
  • 30
    • 0019999496 scopus 로고
    • Isotopic composition of lead and strontium in lavas and coarse grained blocks from Ascension Island, South Atlantic
    • Harris, C., Bell, J. D. & Atkins, F. B. (1982). Isotopic composition of lead and strontium in lavas and coarse grained blocks from Ascension Island, South Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 60, 79-85.
    • (1982) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.60 , pp. 79-85
    • Harris, C.1    Bell, J.D.2    Atkins, F.B.3
  • 31
    • 0001274330 scopus 로고
    • The role of continental lithosphere in the generation of the Karoo volcanic rocks: Evidence from combined Nd- and Sr-isotope studies
    • Erlank, A. J. (ed.)
    • Hawkesworth, C. J., Marsh, J. S., Duncan, A. R., Erlank, A. J & Norry, M. J. (1984). The role of continental lithosphere in the generation of the Karoo volcanic rocks: evidence from combined Nd- and Sr-isotope studies. In: Erlank, A. J. (ed.) Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication 13, 341-354.
    • (1984) Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication , vol.13 , pp. 341-354
    • Hawkesworth, C.J.1    Marsh, J.S.2    Duncan, A.R.3    Erlank, A.J.4    Norry, M.J.5
  • 33
    • 0002936473 scopus 로고
    • Multiple detachment model for the early rifting stage of the Late Proterozoic Damara orogen in Namibia
    • Henry, G., Clendenin, C. W., Stanistreet, I. G. & Maiden, K. J. (1990). Multiple detachment model for the early rifting stage of the Late Proterozoic Damara orogen in Namibia. Geology 18, 67-71.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 67-71
    • Henry, G.1    Clendenin, C.W.2    Stanistreet, I.G.3    Maiden, K.J.4
  • 35
    • 0008874107 scopus 로고
    • The geology and geochemistry of the Proterozoic Awasib Mountain Terrain, Southern Namibia
    • Hoal, B. G. (1990). The geology and geochemistry of the Proterozoic Awasib Mountain Terrain, Southern Namibia. Geological Survey of Namibia Memoir 11, 163 pp.
    • (1990) Geological Survey of Namibia Memoir , vol.11
    • Hoal, B.G.1
  • 37
    • 0020330408 scopus 로고
    • Rb-Sr geochronology and tectonic evolution of the pan-African Damara belt of Namibia, Southwestern Africa
    • Kröner, A. (1982). Rb-Sr geochronology and tectonic evolution of the pan-African Damara belt of Namibia, Southwestern Africa. American Journal of Science 282, 1471-1507.
    • (1982) American Journal of Science , vol.282 , pp. 1471-1507
    • Kröner, A.1
  • 38
    • 0027876837 scopus 로고
    • Strontium isotope heterogeneities in amphibolite facies, banded metasediments. A case study from the Late Proterozoic Kuiseb Formation of the Southern Damara orogen, Central Namibia
    • Kukla, C. (1993). Strontium isotope heterogeneities in amphibolite facies, banded metasediments. A case study from the Late Proterozoic Kuiseb Formation of the Southern Damara orogen, Central Namibia. Geological Survey of Namibia Memoir 15, 139 pp.
    • (1993) Geological Survey of Namibia Memoir , vol.15
    • Kukla, C.1
  • 39
    • 0022007582 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry, mineralogy and magmatic evolution of the basaltic and trachytic lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic
    • le Roex, A. P. (1985). Geochemistry, mineralogy and magmatic evolution of the basaltic and trachytic lavas from Gough Island, South Atlantic. Journal of Petrology 26, 149-186.
    • (1985) Journal of Petrology , vol.26 , pp. 149-186
    • Roex, A.P.1
  • 40
    • 0025597164 scopus 로고
    • Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic: Geochemistry and petrogenesis of a basanite-phonolite lava series
    • le Roex, A. P., Cliff, R. A. & Adair, B. J. I. (1990). Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic: geochemistry and petrogenesis of a basanite-phonolite lava series. Journal of Petrology 31, 779-812.
    • (1990) Journal of Petrology , vol.31 , pp. 779-812
    • Roex, A.P.1    Cliff, R.A.2    Adair, B.J.I.3
  • 41
  • 43
    • 0030438301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen isotope evidence for extensive crustal contamination in the Okenyenya igneous complex, Namibia
    • Martinez, I. A., Harris, C., le Roex, A. P. & Milner, S. C. (1996). Oxygen isotope evidence for extensive crustal contamination in the Okenyenya igneous complex, Namibia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, 4497-4508.
    • (1996) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.60 , pp. 4497-4508
    • Martinez, I.A.1    Harris, C.2    Le Roex, A.P.3    Milner, S.C.4
  • 45
    • 0024483074 scopus 로고
    • Crustal reworking in southern Africa: Constraints from Sr-Nd isotope studies in Archaean to Pan-African terrains
    • McDermott, F., Harris, N. B. W. & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1989). Crustal reworking in southern Africa: constraints from Sr-Nd isotope studies in Archaean to Pan-African terrains. Tectonophysics 161, 257-270.
    • (1989) Tectonophysics , vol.161 , pp. 257-270
    • McDermott, F.1    Harris, N.B.W.2    Hawkesworth, C.J.3
  • 46
    • 0025588563 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle
    • McDonough, W. F. (1990). Constraints on the composition of the continental lithospheric mantle. Earth and Planetart Science letters 101, 1-18.
    • (1990) Earth and Planetart Science Letters , vol.101 , pp. 1-18
    • McDonough, W.F.1
  • 47
    • 0001388001 scopus 로고
    • The Pan-African Damara orogen of south west Africa/Namibia
    • Miller, R. McG. (ed.)
    • Miller, R. McG. (1983). The Pan-African Damara orogen of south west Africa/Namibia. In: Miller, R. McG. (ed.) Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication 11, 431-515.
    • (1983) Geological Society of South Africa, Special Publication , vol.11 , pp. 431-515
    • Miller, R.McG.1
  • 48
    • 0002541558 scopus 로고
    • The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia
    • Milner, S. C. & Ewart, A. (1989). The geology of the Goboboseb Mountain volcanics and their relationship to the Messum Complex, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 5, 31-40.
    • (1989) Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia , vol.5 , pp. 31-40
    • Milner, S.C.1    Ewart, A.2
  • 49
    • 0030472860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotope characteristics of the Okenyenya igneous complex, northwestern Namibia: Constraints on the composition of the early Tristan plume and the origin of the EMI mantle component
    • Milner, S. C. & le Roex, A. P. (1996). Isotope characteristics of the Okenyenya igneous complex, northwestern Namibia: constraints on the composition of the early Tristan plume and the origin of the EMI mantle component. Earth and Planetary Science letters 141, 277-291.
    • (1996) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.141 , pp. 277-291
    • Milner, S.C.1    Le Roex, A.P.2
  • 50
    • 0026443661 scopus 로고
    • Quartz latite rheoignimbrite flows of the Etendeka Formation, north-western Namibia
    • Milner, S. C., Duncan, A. R. & Ewart, A. (1992). Quartz latite rheoignimbrite flows of the Etendeka Formation, north-western Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology 54, 200-219.
    • (1992) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.54 , pp. 200-219
    • Milner, S.C.1    Duncan, A.R.2    Ewart, A.3
  • 52
    • 0029518742 scopus 로고
    • Trans-Atlantic correlation of eruptive sequences and individual silicic volcanic units within the Paraná-Etendeka igneous province
    • Milner, S. C., Duncan, A. R., Whittingham, A. M. & Ewart, A. (1995b). Trans-Atlantic correlation of eruptive sequences and individual silicic volcanic units within the Paraná-Etendeka igneous province. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 69, 137-157.
    • (1995) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , vol.69 , pp. 137-157
    • Milner, S.C.1    Duncan, A.R.2    Whittingham, A.M.3    Ewart, A.4
  • 53
    • 0028833620 scopus 로고
    • Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup
    • Milner, S. C., le Roex, A. P. & O'Connor, J. M. (1995c). Age of Mesozoic igneous rocks in northwestern Namibia, and their relationship to continental breakup. Journal of the Geological Society, London 152, 97-104.
    • (1995) Journal of the Geological Society, London , vol.152 , pp. 97-104
    • Milner, S.C.1    Le Roex, A.P.2    O'Connor, J.M.3
  • 54
    • 0346841728 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks from the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex
    • Department of Geology, University of Cape Town
    • Moore, J. M. (1989). A comparative study of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks from the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex. Chamber of Mines Precambrian Research Unit, Bulletin 37. Department of Geology, University of Cape Town, 370 pp.
    • (1989) Chamber of Mines Precambrian Research Unit, Bulletin 37
    • Moore, J.M.1
  • 55
    • 4243512650 scopus 로고
    • An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples
    • Norrish, K. & Hutton, J. T. (1969). An accurate X-ray spectrographic method for the analysis of a wide range of geological samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 32, 431-453.
    • (1969) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.32 , pp. 431-453
    • Norrish, K.1    Hutton, J.T.2
  • 56
    • 0025588649 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise hotspot system - Implications for African and South American plate motions over plumes
    • O'connor, J. M. & Duncan, A. R. (1990). Evolution of the Walvis Ridge and Rio Grande Rise hotspot system - implications for African and South American plate motions over plumes. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 17475-17502.
    • (1990) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.95 , pp. 17475-17502
    • O'Connor, J.M.1    Duncan, A.R.2
  • 57
    • 0027090920 scopus 로고
    • South Atlantic hotspot - Plume systems. I. Distribution of volcanism in time and space
    • O'Connor, J. M. & le Roex, A. P. (1992). South Atlantic hotspot - plume systems. I. Distribution of volcanism in time and space. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 113, 343-364.
    • (1992) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.113 , pp. 343-364
    • O'Connor, J.M.1    Le Roex, A.P.2
  • 58
    • 0001124481 scopus 로고
    • Petrogenetic significance of isotope and trace element variations in volcanic rocks from the Mid Atlantic
    • O'Nions, R. K., & Pankhurst, R. J. (1974). Petrogenetic significance of isotope and trace element variations in volcanic rocks from the Mid Atlantic. Journal of Petrology 15, 603-634.
    • (1974) Journal of Petrology , vol.15 , pp. 603-634
    • O'Nions, R.K.1    Pankhurst, R.J.2
  • 61
    • 0029751956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithospheric to asthenospheric transition in low-Ti flood basalts from southern Paraná, Brazil
    • Peate, D. W. & Hawkesworth, C. J. (1996). Lithospheric to asthenospheric transition in low-Ti flood basalts from southern Paraná, Brazil. Chemical Geology 127, 1-24.
    • (1996) Chemical Geology , vol.127 , pp. 1-24
    • Peate, D.W.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2
  • 62
    • 84879881511 scopus 로고
    • Mantle plumes and flood-basalt stratigraphy in the Paraná, South America
    • Peate, D. W., Hawkesworth, C. J., Mantovani, M. S. M. & Shukowsky, W. (1990). Mantle plumes and flood-basalt stratigraphy in the Paraná, South America. Geology 18, 1223-1226.
    • (1990) Geology , vol.18 , pp. 1223-1226
    • Peate, D.W.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2    Mantovani, M.S.M.3    Shukowsky, W.4
  • 63
    • 0027088084 scopus 로고
    • Chemical stratigraphy of the Paraná lavas (South America): Classification of magma types and their spatial distribution
    • Peate, D. W., Hawkesworth, C. J. & Mantovani, M. S. M. (1992). Chemical stratigraphy of the Paraná lavas (South America): classification of magma types and their spatial distribution. Bulletin of Volcanology 55, 119-139.
    • (1992) Bulletin of Volcanology , vol.55 , pp. 119-139
    • Peate, D.W.1    Hawkesworth, C.J.2    Mantovani, M.S.M.3
  • 65
    • 0027067494 scopus 로고
    • The age of Parana flood volcanism, rifling of Gondwanaland, and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary
    • Renne, P. R., Ernesto, M., Pacca, I. G., Coe, R. S., Glen, J. M., Prevot, M. & Perrin, M. (1992). The age of Parana flood volcanism, rifling of Gondwanaland, and the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Science 258, 975-979.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 975-979
    • Renne, P.R.1    Ernesto, M.2    Pacca, I.G.3    Coe, R.S.4    Glen, J.M.5    Prevot, M.6    Perrin, M.7
  • 67
    • 0030478095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of Etendeka flood volcanism and associated intrusions in southwestern Africa
    • Rome, P. R., Glen, J. M., Milner, S. C. & Duncan, A. R. (1996b). Age of Etendeka flood volcanism and associated intrusions in southwestern Africa. Geology 24, 659-662.
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 659-662
    • Rome, P.R.1    Glen, J.M.2    Milner, S.C.3    Duncan, A.R.4
  • 68
    • 0020234739 scopus 로고
    • Correlated Nd, Sr and Pb isotope variation in Walvis Ridge basalts and implications for the evolution of their mantle source
    • Richardson, S. H., Erlank, A. J., Duncan, A. R. & Reid, D. L. (1982). Correlated Nd, Sr and Pb isotope variation in Walvis Ridge basalts and implications for the evolution of their mantle source. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 59, 327-342.
    • (1982) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.59 , pp. 327-342
    • Richardson, S.H.1    Erlank, A.J.2    Duncan, A.R.3    Reid, D.L.4
  • 69
    • 0021620773 scopus 로고
    • Major and trace elements and Nd and Sr isotope geochemistry of basalts from the Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 74 Walvis Ridge transect
    • Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office
    • Richardson, S. H., Erlank, A. J., Reid, D. L. & Duncan, A. R. (1984). Major and trace elements and Nd and Sr isotope geochemistry of basalts from the Deep Sea Drilling Project leg 74 Walvis Ridge transect. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 74. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, pp. 739-754.
    • (1984) Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 74 , pp. 739-754
    • Richardson, S.H.1    Erlank, A.J.2    Reid, D.L.3    Duncan, A.R.4
  • 70
    • 0025692580 scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry of intermediate-to high-pressure granulites
    • Vielzeuf, D. & Vidal, Ph. (eds) Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic
    • Rudnick, R. L. & Presper, T. (1990). Geochemistry of intermediate-to high-pressure granulites. In: Vielzeuf, D. & Vidal, Ph. (eds) Granulites and Crustal Evolution. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, pp. 523-550.
    • (1990) Granulites and Crustal Evolution , pp. 523-550
    • Rudnick, R.L.1    Presper, T.2
  • 72
    • 0024939253 scopus 로고
    • Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes
    • Saunders A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds)
    • Sun, S.-S. & McDonough, W. F. (1989). Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders A. D. & Norry, M. J. (eds) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 42, 313-345.
    • (1989) Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publication , vol.42 , pp. 313-345
    • Sun, S.-S.1    McDonough, W.F.2
  • 75
    • 0001420845 scopus 로고
    • Abyssal tholeiites from the Oceanographer Fracture Zone. II. Phase equilibria and mixing
    • Walker, D., Shibata, T. & De Long, S. E. (1979). Abyssal tholeiites from the Oceanographer Fracture Zone. II. Phase equilibria and mixing. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 70, 111-125.
    • (1979) Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology , vol.70 , pp. 111-125
    • Walker, D.1    Shibata, T.2    De Long, S.E.3
  • 76
    • 0028573947 scopus 로고
    • K-Ar ages of the Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes, north-western Namibia
    • Watkins, R. T., McDougall, I. & Le Roex, A. P. (1994). K-Ar ages of the Brandberg and Okenyenya igneous complexes, north-western Namibia. Geologische Rundshau 83, 348-356.
    • (1994) Geologische Rundshau , vol.83 , pp. 348-356
    • Watkins, R.T.1    McDougall, I.2    Le Roex, A.P.3
  • 77
    • 0020646559 scopus 로고
    • Pb isotopes in Ascension Island rocks: Oceanic origin for the gabbroic to granitic plutonic xenoliths
    • Weis, D. (1983). Pb isotopes in Ascension Island rocks: oceanic origin for the gabbroic to granitic plutonic xenoliths. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 62, 273-282.
    • (1983) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.62 , pp. 273-282
    • Weis, D.1
  • 78
    • 0024875682 scopus 로고
    • Magmatism at rift zones: The generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts
    • White, R. & McKenzie, D. (1989). Magmatism at rift zones: the generation of volcanic continental margins and flood basalts. Journal of Geophysical Research 94(B6), 7685-7729.
    • (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.94 , Issue.B6 , pp. 7685-7729
    • White, R.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 79
    • 0001048486 scopus 로고
    • Major and trace element variations in the Tertiary lavas of eastern Iceland and their significance with respect to the Iceland geochemical anomaly
    • Wood, D. A. (1978). Major and trace element variations in the Tertiary lavas of eastern Iceland and their significance with respect to the Iceland geochemical anomaly. Journal of Petrology 19, 393-436.
    • (1978) Journal of Petrology , vol.19 , pp. 393-436
    • Wood, D.A.1
  • 80
    • 0023790559 scopus 로고
    • The plumbotectonic model for Pb isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs - A case for bi-directional transport
    • Zartman, R. E. & Haines, S. M. (1988). The plumbotectonic model for Pb isotopic systematics among major terrestrial reservoirs - a case for bi-directional transport. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, 1327-1339.
    • (1988) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.52 , pp. 1327-1339
    • Zartman, R.E.1    Haines, S.M.2
  • 81
    • 85034300713 scopus 로고
    • Report: K-Ar, Rb-Sr and geochemical investigations in the Mooirivier Complex, southwestern Windhoek District and north-western Maltahöhe District, Namibia
    • Ziegler, U. R. F. & Stoessel, G. F. U. (1989). Report: K-Ar, Rb-Sr and geochemical investigations in the Mooirivier Complex, southwestern Windhoek District and north-western Maltahöhe District, Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia 5, 69-75.
    • (1989) Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia , vol.5 , pp. 69-75
    • Ziegler, U.R.F.1    Stoessel, G.F.U.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.