Visceral and somatic disorders: Tissue softening with frequency-specific microcurrent

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

Volumn 19, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 170-177

  Mcmakin, Carolyn R ^a   Oschman, James L ^b  

^a Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Clinic of Portland   (United States)

^b Nature's Own Research Association   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACUPUNCTURE; ARTICLE; CHIROPRACTOR; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; ELECTRODE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; FATIGUE; FIBROMYALGIA; FREQUENCY SPECIFIC MICROCURRENT; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MUSCLE SPASM; MYOFASCIAL PAIN; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; SCIENTIST; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMATIC DISORDER; VISCERAL DISORDER;

ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; HUMANS; MUSCLE TONUS;

EID: 84874043416     PISSN: 10755535     EISSN: 15577708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/acm.2012.0384     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Kellaway P. The part played by electric fish in the early history of bioelectricity and electrotherapy. Bull History Med 1946;20:112-132
2. Becker RO, Seldon G. The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. New York: William and Morrow Company, Inc., 1985:172
3. Oschman JL. Energy Medicine: The Scientific Basis. Churchill Livingstone/Harcourt Brace, 2000:15. Edinburgh, Scotland
4. Bassett CAL. Bioelectromagnetics in the service of medicine. In: Blank M, ed. Electromagnetic Fields: Biological Interactions and Mechanisms. Advances in Chemistry Series 250. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995:265-275
5. Siskin BF, Walker J. Therapeutic aspects of electromagnetic for soft-tissue healing. In: Blank M, ed. Electromagnetic Fields: Biological Interactions and Mechanisms. Advances in Chemistry Series 250. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995:277-285
6. Strauch B, Patel MK, Rosen DJ, et al. Pulsed magnetic field therapy increases tensile strength in a rat Achilles' tendon repair model. J Hand Surg Am 2006;31:1131-1135
7. Soda A, Ikehara T, Kinouchi Y, Yoshizaki K. Effect of exposure to an extremely low frequency-electromagnetic field on the cellular collagen with respect to signaling pathways in osteoblast-like cells. J Med Invest 2008;55:267-278
8. Cundy PJ, Paterson DC. A ten-year review of treatment of delayed union and nonunion with an implanted bone growth stimulator. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;259:216-222
9. Melzack R. Prolonged relief of pain by brief, intense transcutaneous somatic stimulation. Pain 1975;1:357-373
10. Ampère A-M. Me'moire pre'senté a' l'Acade'mie royale des sciences. In: Annales de Chimie et de Physique XV, Paris, France: V. Masson, 1820. Submission presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences [in French]
11. Faraday M. First report on magneto-electric induction, read before the Royal Society on the 24th of November, 1831. London, UK
12. Boulware DG. Radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge. Ann Phys 1980;124:169-188
13. McMakin C. Frequency Specific Microcurrent in Pain Management. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2011
14. McMakin C. Qi in chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia. In: Mayor D, Micozzi M, eds. Energy Medicine East and West. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/ Elsevier, 2011: 289-296
15. McMakin C. Microcurrent therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia. In: Chaitow L, ed. Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Practitioner's Guide to Treatment. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2003;179-206
16. Curtis D, Fallows S, Morris M, McMakin C. The efficacy of frequency specific microcurrent therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness. J Bodywork Move Ther 2010;14:272-279
17. Antes TA, Yunus MB, Ritey SD, et al. Psychological factors associated with primary fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1984;2:1101-1106
18. Mines S. We Are All in Shock. How Overwhelming Experiences Shatter You.and What You Can Do About It. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books, 2003
19. Barnes JF. Healing Ancient Wounds: The Renegade's Wisdom. Sedona, AZ: MFR Treatment Centers and Seminars, June 1, 2000
20. Willis WD. The somatosensory system, with emphasis on structures important for pain. Brain Res Rev 2007;55: 297-313
21. Gamsa A. The role of psychological factors in chronic pain: I. A half century of study. Pain 1994;57:5-15
22. Apkarian AV, Bushnell MC, Treede RD, Zubieta JK. Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease. Eur J Pain 2005;9:463-484
23. Kokebie R, Aggarwal R, Kahn S, Kartz RS. Muscle tension is increased in fibromyalgia: Use of a pressure gauge. Abstract 1935, American College of Rheumatology 2008 Annual Scientific Meeting, October 24-29, 2008, San Francisco, California
24. Morris C. Low Back Syndromes: Integrated Clinical Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2005
25. Simons DG, Travell JG. Travell & Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999:660
26. Nansel D, Szlazak M. Somatic dysfunction and the phenomenon of visceral disease simulation: A probable explanation for the apparent effectiveness of somatic therapy in patients presumed to be suffering from true visceral disease. J Manip Physiol Ther 1995;18:379-397
27. Seaman D. Chiropractic care and visceral disorders: What is the neurological link? Dynamic Chiropractic, 1996;14:Issue 24. Online document at: Www.dynamicchiropractic.com/ mpacms/dc/article.php?id = 39453 Accessed December 29, 2011
28. Hobson AR, Chizh B, Hicks K, et al. Neurophysiological evaluation of convergent afferents innervating the human esophagus and area of referred pain on the anterior chest wall. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010;298: G31-G36
29. Morris CE. Low Back Syndromes: Integrated Clinical Management. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005:267
30. Owens C. An Endocrine Explanation for Chapman's Reflexes, 2nd ed. Indianapolis, IN: Academy for Applied Osteopathy, 1963
31. Washington K, Mosiello R, Venditto M, et al. Presence of Chapman reflex points in hospitalized patients with pneumonia. J Osteopath Assoc 2003;103:479-483
32. Travell J, Rinzter S, Herman M. Pain and disability of the shoulder and arm. JAMA 1942;120:417-422
33. Knutson G. The role of the c-motor system in increasing muscle tone and muscle pain syndromes: A review of the Johansson/Sojka hypothesis. J Manip Physiol Ther 2000; 23:564-572
34. Matre DA, Sinkjaer T, Svensson P. Arendt-Nielsen L. Experimental muscle pain increases the human stretch reflex. Pain 1998;75:331-339
35. Mense S. Pathophysiologic basis of muscle pain syndromes. Phys Med Rehab Clin N Am 1997;8:23-53
36. Mense S, Skeppar P. Discharge behavior of feline gamma motorneurons following induction of an artificial myositis. Pain 1991;46:201-210
37. Ackerman JM. The Biophysics of the Vascular Autonomic Signal and Healing: Frontier Perspectives. Philadelphia: Temple University, 2001:10:9-15
38. Korr IM. Proprioceptors and somatic dysfunction. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1975;74:638-650
39. Korr IM. Sustained sympathicotonia as a factor in disease. In: Korr IM, ed. The Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Manipulative Therapy. New York: Plenum Press, 1978
40. Stanfield CL, Germann WJ. Principles of Human Physiology, 3rd ed. New York: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2008:427
41. Robertson D, et al., eds. Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System, 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press, 2011
42. McKay KC, Prato FS, Thomas AW. A literature review: The effects of magnetic field exposure on blood flow and blood vessels in the microvasculature. Bioelectromagnetics 2007; 28:81-98
43. Johansson H, Sojka P. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in genesis and spread of muscular tension in occupational muscle pain and in chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes: A hypothesis. Med Hypoth 1991;35: 196-203
44. Birznieks I, Burton AR, Macefield VG. The effects of experimental muscle and skin pain on the static stretch sensitivity of human muscle spindles in relaxed leg muscles. J Physiol 2008;586:2713-2723
45. Pettman E. The facilitated segment. The North American Institute of Orthopædic Manual Therapy. 2005;IX:issue 5. Online document at: Www.naiomt.com/www.naiomt.com/ articles/05Oct.pdf Accessed July 4, 2011
46. Knutson GA, Owens EF. Active and passive characteristics of muscle tone and their relationship models of subluxation/ joint dysfunction: Part I. J Can Chiopr Assoc 2003;47: 168-179
47. Knutson GA, Owens EF. Active and passive characteristics of muscle tone and their relationship models of subluxation/ joint dysfunction. Part II. J Can Chiopr Assoc 2003;47: 269-283
48. Seaman D. Chiropractic Care and Visceral Disorders: What Is the Neurological Link? Online document at: Www.cpdo .net/res/page15.html Accessed January 19, 2012
49. Findley TW, Schleip R, eds. Fascia Research: Basic Science and Implications for Conventional and Complementary Health Care. Munich: Elsevier GmbH, 2007
50. Schleip R, Klingler W, Lehmann-Horn F. Active contraction of the thoracolumbar fascia: Indications of a new factor in low back pain research with implications for manual therapy. Presented at: 5th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back & Pelvic Pain, Melbourne, November 2004
51. Schleip R, Klingler W, Lehmann-Horn F. Fascia is able to contract in a smooth muscle-like manner and thereby influence musculoskeletal mechanics. Presented at: 5th World Congress of Biomechanics, Munich, Germany, July 29-August 4, 2006
52. Schleip R, Naylor IL, Ursu D, et al. Passive muscle stiffness may be influenced by active contractility of intramuscular connective tissue. Med Hypotheses 2006;66:66-71
53. Finando S, Finando D. Fascia and the mechanism of acupuncture. J Bodywork Movement Ther 2011;15:168-176
54. Wolff J. The Law of Bone Remodeling. Translation of the 1892 German edition. Berlin: Springer, 1986
55. Rolf IP. Rolfing. Reestablishing the Natural Alignment and Structural Integration of Human Body for Vitality and Well-Being. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press, 1989:129
56. Simons DG, Travell JG. Travell & Simons' Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual, 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999:8-9
57. Selye H. The Stress of Life. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1956, Plate 3, or revised edition, 1984:219
58. Hinz B. Masters and servants of the force: The role of matrix adhesions in myofibroblast force perception and transmission. Eur J Cell Biol 2006;85:175-181
59. Tomasek J, et al. Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodeling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2002;3: 349-363
60. Gabbiani G. The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases. J Pathol 2003;200:500-503
61. Desmoulière A, Badid C, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Gabbiani G. Apoptosis during wound healing, fibrocontractive diseases and vascular wall injury. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1997;29:19-30