Are increased weight and appetite useful indicators of depression in children and adolescents?

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 121, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 838-851

  Cole, David A ^a   Cho, Sun Joo ^a   Martin, Nina C ^a   Youngstrom, Eric A ^b   March, John S ^c   Findling, Robert L ^d   Compas, Bruce E ^a   Goodyer, Ian M ^e   Rohde, Paul ^f   Weissman, Myrna ^g   Essex, Marilyn J ^h   Hyde, Janet S ⁱ   Curry, John F ^c   Forehand, Rex ^j   Slattery, Marcia J ^h   Felton, Julia W ^a   Maxwell, Melissa A ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^f OREGON RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^g College of Physicians and Surgeons ^*  (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Appetite; Depression; IRT; K SADS; Weight

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DECREASED APPETITE; DEPRESSION; DISEASE MARKER; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCREASED APPETITE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84873925526     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: 19391846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0028175     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Ahmed, M. L., Ong, K. K. L., Morrell, D. J., Cox, L., Drayer, N., Perry, L., Dunger, D. B. (1999). Longitudinal study of leptin concentrations during puberty: Sex differences and relationship to changes in body composition. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 899-905. doi:10.1210/jc.84.3.899
2. Akiskal, H. S., & Benazzi, F. (2005). Atypical depression: A variant of bipolar II or a bridge between unipolar and bipolar II? Journal of Affective Disorders Special Issue: Bipolar Depression: Focus on Phenomenology, 84, 209-217.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
4. Anderson, J. C., Williams, S. M., McGee, R., & Silva, P. A. (1987). DSM-III disorders in preadolescent children: Prevalence in a large sample from the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 69-76. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800130081010
5. Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Worthman, C. M. (1998). Puberty and depression: The roles of age, pubertal status and pubertal timing. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 28, 51-61.
6. Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2006). Puberty and Depression. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15, 919-937. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2006.05.013
7. Angst, J., Felder, W., Frey, R., & Stassen, H. H. (1978). The course of affective disorders: I. change of diagnosis of monopolar, unipolar, and bipolar illness. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 226, 57-64. doi:10.1007/BF00344124
8. Angst, J., Gamma, A., Sellaro, R., Lavori, P. W., & Zhang, H. (2003). Recurrence of bipolar disorders and major depression: A life-long perspective. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 253, 236-240. doi:10.1007/s00406-003-0437-2
9. Angst, J., Gamma, A., Sellaro, R., Zhang, H., & Merikangas, K. (2002). Toward validation of atypical depression in the community: Results of the Zurich cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72, 125-138. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00169-6
10. Ansley, T. M., & Forsyth, R. A. (1985). An examination of the characteristics of unidimensional IRT parameter estimates derived from twodimensional data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9, 37-48. doi: 10.1177/014662168500900104
11. Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2009). Exploratory structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 16, 397-438. doi:10.1080/ 10705510903008204
12. Beesdo, K., Höfler, M., Leibenluft, E., Lieb, R., Bauer, M., & Pfennig, A. (2009). Mood episodes and mood disorders: Patterns of incidence and conversion in the first three decades of life. Bipolar Disorders, 11, 637-649. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00738.x
13. Benazzi, F. (2005). Atypical depression and its relation to bipolar spectrum. In A. Marneros & F. K. Goodwin (Eds.), Bipolar disorders: Mixed states, rapid cycling and atypical forms (pp. 131-156). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544019.007
14. Bolt, D. M. (2002). A Monte Carlo comparison of parametric and nonparametric polytomous DIF detection methods. Applied Measurement in Education, 15, 113-141. doi:10.1207/S15324818AME1502_01
15. Borchardt, C. M., & Meller, W. H. (1996). Symptoms of affective disorder in pre-adolescent versus adolescent inpatients. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 155-161. doi:10.1006/jado.1996.0015
16. Bornstein, S. R., Schuppenies, A., Wong, M. L., & Licinio, J. (2006). Approaching the shared biology of obesity and depression: The stress axis as the locus of gene- environment interactions. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 892-902. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001873
17. Browne, M. W. (2001). An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 36, 111-150. doi: 10.1207/S15327906MBR3601_05
18. Cho, S-J., Li, F., & Bandalos, D. L. (2009). Accuracy of the parallel analysis procedure using polychoric correlations. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 69, 748-759. doi:10.1177/0013164409332229
19. Cole, D. A., Cai, L., Martin, N. C., Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, E. A., Garber,J., Forehand, R. (2011). Structure and measurement of depression in youths: Applying Item Response Theory to clinical data. Psychological Assessment, 23, 819-833.
20. Compas, B. E., Champion, J. E., Forehand, R., Cole, D. A., Resslund, K. L., Fear, J., Roberts, L. (2010). Coping and parenting: Mediators of 12-month outcomes of a family group cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention with families of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 623-634. doi:10.1037/a0020459
21. Compas, B. E., Forehand, R., Keller, G., Champion, J. E., Rakow, A., Reeslund, K. L., Cole, D. A. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of a family cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention for children of depressed parents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 1007-1020. doi:10.1037/a0016930
22. Compas, B. E., Oppedisano, G., Connor, J. K., Gerhardt, C. A., Hinden, B. R., Achenbach, T. M., & Hammen, C. (1997). Gender differences in depressive symptoms in adolescence: Comparison of national samples of clinically referred and nonreferred youths. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 617-626. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.65.4.617
23. Correll, C. U., & Carlson, H. E. (2006). Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of psychotropic medications in children and adolescents. Journalof the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 771-791. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000220851.94392.30
24. Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. C. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52, 281-302. doi:10.1037/h0040957
25. Curran, P. J., & Hussong, A. M. (2009). Integrative data analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple data sets. Psychological Methods, 14, 81-100. doi:10.1037/a0015914
26. De Boeck, P., & Wilson, M. (2004). Explanatory item response models: A generalized linear and nonlinear approach. New York, NY: Springer.
27. Drasgow, F., & Parsons, C. K. (1983). Application of unidimensional item response theory models to multidimensional data. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7, 189-199. doi:10.1177/014662168300700207
28. Essex, M. J., Kraemer, H. C., Armstrong, J. M., Boyce, W. T., Goldsmith, H. H., Klein, M. H., Kupfer, D. J. (2006). Exploring risk factors for the emergence of children's mental health problems. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1246-1256. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.11.1246
29. Essex, M. J., Kraemer, H. C., Slattery, M. J., Burk, L. R., Boyce, W. T., Woodward, H. R., Kupfer, D. J. (2009). Screening for childhood mental health problems: Outcomes and early identification. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 562-570. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02015.x
30. Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Morley, C. P., & Spencer, T. J. (2008). Effect of stimulants on height and weight: A review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 994-1009.
31. Fehm, H. L., Smolnik, R., Kern, W., McGregor, G. P., Bickel, U., & Born, J. (2001). The melanocortin melanocyte-stimulating hormone/adrenocorticotropin 4-10 decreases body fat in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 86, 1144-1148. doi:10.1210/ jc.86.3.1144
32. Felton, J., Cole, D. A., Tilghman-Osborne, C., & Maxwell, M. (2010). The relation of weight change to depressive symptoms in adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 205-216. doi:10.1017/S0954579409990356
33. Fiedorowicz, J. G., Endicott, J., Leon, A. C., Solomon, D. A., Keller, M. B., & Coryell, W. H. (2011). Subthreshold hypomanic symptoms in progression from unipolar major depression to bipolar disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 40-48. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10030328
34. Field, A. E., Austin, S. B., Taylor, C. B., Malspeis, S., Rosner, B., Rockett, H. R., Colditz, G. A. (2003). Relation between dieting and weight change among preadolescents and adolescents. Pediatrics, 112, 900-906. doi:10.1542/peds.112.4.900
35. Findling, R. L., Youngstrom, E. A., McNamara, N. K., Stansbrey, R. J., Demeter, C. A., Bedoya, D., Calabrese, J. R. (2005). Early symptoms of mania and the role of parental risk. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 623-634. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00260.x
36. Flament, M. F., Cohen, D., Choquet, M., Jeammet, P., & LeDoux, S. (2001). Phenomenology, psychosocial correlates, and treatment seeking in major depression and dysthymia of adolescence. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1070-1078. doi:10.1097/00004583-200109000-00016
37. Flowers, C. P., Oshima, T. C., & Raju, N. S. (1999). A description and demonstration of the polytomous-DFIT framework. Applied Psychological Measurement, 23, 309-326. doi:10.1177/01466219922031437
38. Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7, 286-299. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.286
39. Friedman, R. C., Hurt, S. W., Clarkin, J. F., Corn, R., & Aronoff, M. S. (1983). Symptoms of depression among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 5, 37- 43. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(83)90034-4
40. Gallup, G., & Castelli, J. (1989). The people's religion: American faith in the 90's. NY: Collier Macmillan.
41. Geller, B., Zimerman, B., Williams, M., Bolhofner, K., Craney, J. L., Delbello, M. P., & Soutullo, C. (2001). Reliability of the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U-KSADS) mania and rapid cycling sections. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 450-455. doi:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00014
42. Goldberg, J. H., & King, A. C. (2007). Physical activity and weight management across the lifespan. Annual Review of Public Health, 28, 145-170. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144105
43. Goodman, E., Hinden, B., & Khandelwal, S. (2000). Accuracy of teen and parental reports of obesity and body mass index. Pediatrics, 106, 52-58. doi:10.1542/peds.106.1.52
44. Goodyer, I., Dubicka, B., Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Byford, S., Harrington, R. (2007). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behavior therapy in adolescents with major depression: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 335, 142. doi:10.1136/bmj.39224 .494340.55
45. Goodyer, I., Dubicka, B., Wilkinson, P., Kelvin, R., Roberts, C., Byford, S., Harrington, R. (2008). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy in adolescents with major depression treated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The ADAPT trial. Health Technology Assessment, 12, ix- 60.
46. Grabe, S., Hyde, J., & Lindberg, S. (2007). Body objectification and depression in adolescents: The role of gender, shame, and rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 164-175. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00350.x
47. Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 128-140. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.107.1.128
48. Haslam, N., & Beck, A. T. (1994). Subtyping major depression: A taxometric analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 686-692. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.686
49. Himes, J. H., & Faricy, A. (2001). Validity and reliability of self-reported stature and weight of US adolescents. American Journal of Human Biology, 13, 255-260. doi:10.1002/1520-6300(200102/03)13:2-255:: AID-AJHB1036-3.0.CO;2-E
50. Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179-185. doi:10.1007/BF02289447
51. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
52. Humphreys, L. G., & Montanelli, R. G. (1975). An investigation of the parallel analysis criterion for determining the number of common factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 193-205. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1002_5
53. Jéquier, E., & Tappy, L. (1999). Regulation of body weight in humans. Physiological Reviews, 79, 451-480.
54. Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980-988. doi:10.1097/00004583- 199707000-00021
55. Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., & Ryan, N. (1996). Kiddie SADS- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Unpublished instrument, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
56. Kaufman, N. K., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., Clarke, G. N., & Stice, E. (2005). Potential mediators of cognitive- behavioral therapy for adolescents with comorbid major depressive and conduct disorder. Journal of Con-sulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 38 - 46. doi:10.1037/0022- 006X.73.1.38
57. Kazdin, A. E., French, N. H., & Unis, A. S. (1983). Child, mother, and father evaluations of depression in psychiatric inpatient children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: An official publication of the International Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 11, 167-179. doi:10.1007/BF00912083
58. Kessler, R. C., McGonagle, K. A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D. G., & Nelson, C. B. (1993). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 85-96. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-G
59. Kim, S.-H., Cohen, A. S., Alagoz, C., & Kim, S. (2007). DIF detection and effect size measures for polytomously scored items. Journal of Educational Measurement, 44, 93-116. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.2007 .00029.x
60. Lerner, R. M., & Steinberg, L. (2004). The scientific study of adolescent development. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology (2nd ed, pp. 1-12). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
61. Liss, H., Phares, V., & Liljequist, L. (2001). Symptom endorsement differences on the children's depression inventory with children and adolescents on an inpatient unit. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 396-411. doi:10.1207/S15327752JPA7603_03
62. March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., the TADS Team. (2004). Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 292, 807-820. doi:10.1001/jama.292.7.807
63. March, J., Silva, S., Petrycki, S., Curry, J., Wells, K., Fairbank, J., Severe, J. (2007). The treatment for adolescents with depression study (TADS): Long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 1132-1143. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132
64. Markowitz, S., Friedman, M. A., & Arent, S. M. (2008). Understanding the relation between obesity and depression: Causal mechanisms and implications for treatment. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 15, 1-20. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00106.x
65. Maxwell, M. A., & Cole, D. A. (2009). Weight change and appetite disturbance as symptoms of adolescent depression: Toward an integrative biopsychosocial model. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 260-273. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.01.007
66. McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376-390. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.376
67. Mezulis, A. H., Priess, H. A., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). Rumination mediates the relationship between infant temperament and adolescent depressive symptoms. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011 (online, open access, doi:10.1155/2011/487873).
68. Mitchell, J., McCauley, E., Burke, P. M., & Moss, S. J. (1988). Phenomenology of depression in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 12-20. doi: 10.1097/00004583-198801000-00004
69. Muraki, E., & Carlson, J. E. (1995). Full-information factor analysis for polytomous item responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19, 73-90. doi:10.1177/014662169501900109
70. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998-2006). Mplus 5.21 [Computer program]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
71. Neary, N. M., Goldstone, A. P., & Bloom, S. R. (2004). Appetite regulation: From the gut to the hypothalamus. Clinical Endocrinology (Oxf), 60, 153-160.
72. Neumark-Sztainer, D.,Wall,M., Guo, J., Story, M., Haines, J., & Eisenberg, M. (2006). Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: How do dieters fare 5 years later? Journalof the American Dietetic Association, 106, 559-568. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.003
73. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
74. Orvaschel, H. (1994). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiological version (5th ed.). Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Nova Southeastern University.
75. Oshima, T. C., Raju, N. S., & Flowers, C. P. (1997). Development and demonstration of multidimensional IRT-based internal measures of differential functioning of items and tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 34, 253-272. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3984.1997.tb00518.x
76. Patton, G. C., Carlin, J. B., Shao, Q., Hibbert, M. E., Rosier, M., Selzer, R., & Bowes, G. (1997). Adolescent dieting: Healthy weight control or borderline eating disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 299-306. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01514.x
77. Pilowsky, D. J., Wickramaratne, P., Talati, A., Tang, M., Hughes, C. W., Garber, J., Weissman, M. M. (2008). Children of depressed mothers 1 year after the initiation of maternal treatment: Findings from the STAR*D-Child Study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 1136-1147 doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081286
78. Priess, H. A., Lindberg, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2009). Adolescent gender-role identity and mental health: Gender intensification revisited. Child Development, 80, 1531-1544. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01349.x
79. Raju, N. S., van der Linden, W. J., & Fleer, P. F. (1995). IRT-based internal measures of differential functioning of items and tests. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19, 353-368. doi:10.1177/014662169501900405
80. Raju, N. S. (1988). The area between two item characteristic curves. Psychometrika, 53, 495-502. doi:10.1007/BF02294403
81. Reckase, M. D. (1979). Unidimensional latent trait models applied to multifactor tests: Results and implications. Journal of Educational Statistics, 4, 207-230. doi:10.2307/1164671
82. Reise, S. P., Waller, N., & Comray, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287-297. doi:10.1037/1040- 3590.12.3.287
83. Roberts, R. E., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1995). Symptoms of DSM-III-R major depression in adolescence: Evidence from an epidemiological survey. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1608-1617. doi:10.1097/00004583-199512000- 00011
84. Rohde, P., Clarke, G., Mace, D., Jorgensen, J., & Seeley, J. (2004). An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 660- 668. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000121067.29744.41
85. Rohde, P., Seeley, J., Kaufman, N., Clarke, G., & Stice, E. (2006). Predicting time to recovery among depressed adolescents treated in two psychosocial group interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 80-88. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.74.1.80
86. Romeo, R. D., & McEwen, B. S. (2006). Stress and the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094, 202.
87. Ross, R., Dagnone, D., Jones, P. J. H., Smith, H., Paddags, A., Hudson, R., & Janssen, I. (2000). Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men: A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 133, 92-103.
88. Ruscio, J., Zimmerman, M., McGlinchey, J. B., Chelminski, I., & Young, D. (2007). Diagnosing major depressive disorder XI: A taxometric investigation of the structure underlying DSM-IV symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 10 -19. doi:10.1097/01.nmd .0000252025.12014.c4
89. Rutter, M. (1986). The developmental psychopathology of depression: Issues and perspectives. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, & P. B. Read (Eds.), Depression in young people. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
90. Sallis, J. F. (2000). Age-related decline in physical activity: A synthesis of human and animal studies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(9), 1598-1600. doi:10.1097/00005768-200009000-00012
91. Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded response. Psychometric Monograph Supplement, 34 (Monograph No. 17).
92. Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507-514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192
93. Stanley, S., Wynne, K., McGowan, B., & Bloom, S. (2005). Hormonal regulation of food intake. Physiological Reviews, 85, 1131-1158. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2004
94. Stice, E., Cameron, R. P., Killen, J. D., Hayward, C., & Taylor, C. B. (1999). Naturalistic weight-reduction efforts prospectively predict growth in relative weight and onset of obesity among female adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 967-974. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.967
95. Strober, M., Green, J., & Carlson, G. (1981). Phenomenology and subtypes of major depressive disorder in adolescence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 3, 281-290. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(81)90029-X
96. Terasawa, E., & Fernandez, D. L. (2001). Neurobiological mechanisms of the onset of puberty in primates. Endocrine Reviews, 22, 111-151. doi:10.1210/er.22.1.111
97. The TADS Team. (2003). The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Rationale, design, and methods. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 42, 531-542. doi:10.1097/ 01.CHI.0000046839.90931.0D
98. The TADS Team. (2005). The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Demographic and clinical characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 28-40. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000145807.09027.82
99. Tice, D. M., Bratslavsky, E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2001). Emotional distress regulation takes precedence over impulse control: If you feel bad, do it. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 53-67. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.53
100. Turner, R. J., Wheaton, B., & Lloyd, D. A. (1995). The epidemiology of social stress. American Sociological Review, 60, 104-125. doi:10.2307/ 2096348
101. van Prooijen, J., & Van der Kloot, W. A. (2001). Confirmatory analysis of exploratively obtained factor structures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 777-792. doi:10.1177/00131640121971518
102. Vartanian, L. R., Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (2004). Accuracy in the estimation of body weight: An alternate test of the Motivated-Distortion Hypothesis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 69-75. doi: 10.1002/eat.20014
103. Velicer, W. F., Eaton, C. A., & Fava, J. L. (2000). Construct explication through factor or component analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. In R. D. Goffin & E. Helmes (Eds.), Problems and solutions in human assessment: Honoring Douglas N. Jackson at seventy (pp. 41- 71). Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic.
104. Wang, Z., Patterson, C. M., & Hills, A. P. (2002). A comparison of self-reported and measured height, weight and BMI in Australian adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 26, 473-478. doi:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00350.x
105. Way, W. D., Ansley, T. N., & Forsyth, R. A. (1988). The comparative effects of compensatory and non-compensatory two dimensional data on unidimensional IRT estimates. Applied Psychological Measurement, 12, 239-252. doi:10.1177/014662168801200303
106. Weiss, B., & Garber, J. (2003). Developmental differences in the phenomenology of depression. Development and Psychopathology, 15, 403- 430. doi:10.1017/S0954579403000221
107. Weissman, M. M., Pilowsky, D. J., Wickramaratne, P. J., Talati, A., Wisniewski, S. R., Fava, M., et al. for the STAR*D Child Team. (2006). Remissions in maternal depression and child psychopathology: A STAR *D-Child report. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 295, 1389-1398 doi:10.1001/jama.295.12.1389
108. Yorbik, O., Birmaher, B., Axelson, D., Williamson, D. E., & Ryan, N. D. (2004). Clinical characteristics of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65, 1654-1659. doi:10.4088/JCP.v65n1210
109. Youngstrom, E., Meyers, O., Demeter, C., Youngstrom, J., Morello, L., Piiparinen, R., Findling, R. L. (2005). Comparing diagnostic checklists for pediatric bipolar disorder in academic and community mental health settings. Bipolar Disorders, 7, 507-517. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2005.00269.x
110. Yu, C. Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
111. Zimmerman, M., McGlinchey, J. B., Young, D., & Chelminski, I. (2006). Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder I: Psychometric evaluation of the DSM-IV symptom criteria. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 158-163. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000202239.20315.16
112. Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986). Factor influencing five rules for determining the number of components to retain. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432-442. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432