Using self-esteem to disaggregate psychopathy, narcissism, and aggression

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 54, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 815-820

  Falkenbach, Diana M ^a   Howe, Jacqueline R ^a   Falki, Marielle ^a  

^a JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE   (United States)

Author keywords

Aggression; Factors; Healthy; Instability; Narcissism; Pathological; Psychopathy; Self esteem

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873740228     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.017     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ackerman R.A., Witt E.A., Donnellan M.B., Trzesniekwski K.H., Robins R.W., Kashy D.A. What does the narcissistic personality inventory really measure?. Assessment 2011, 18(1):67-87. 10.1177/1073191110382845.
2. American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., Text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 51(6):1173-1182. 10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.
4. Baumeister R.F. Violent pride: Do people turn violent because of self-hate or self-love?. Scientific American 2001, April:96-101.
5. Baumeister R.F., Smart L., Boden J.M. Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem. Psychological Review 1996, 103(1):5-33. 10.1037/0033-295X.103.1.5.
6. Benning S.D., Patrick C.J., Hicks B.M., Blonigen D.M., Krueger R.F. Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: Validity and implications for clinical assessment. Psychological Assessment 2003, 15(3):340-350. 10.1037/1040-3590.15.3.340.
7. Bushman B.J., Baumeister R.F. Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love or self-hate lead to violence?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 75(1):219-229. 10.1037/0022-3514.75.1.219.
8. Buss A.H., Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63(3):452-459. 10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452.
9. Cain N.M., Pincus A.L., Ansell E.B. Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review 2008, 28(4):638-656. 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006.
10. Cale E.M., Lilienfeld S.O. Psychopathy factors and risk for aggressive behavior: A test of the " threatened egotism" hypothesis. Law and Human Behavior 2006, 30(1):51-74. 10.1007/s10979-006-9004-5.
11. Claes L., Vertommen S., Soenens B., Eyskens A., Rens E., Vertommen H. Validation of the psychopathic personality inventory among psychiatric inpatients: Sociodemographic, cognitive and personality correlates. Journal of Personality Disorders 2009, 23(5):477-493. 10.1521/pedi.2009.23.5.477.
12. Cleckley H. The mask of sanity 1941, Mosby, St Louis, MO. 5th ed.
13. Del Gaizo A.L., Falkenbach D.M. Primary and secondary psychopathic-traits and their relationship to perception and experience of emotion. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45(3):206-212. 10.1016/j.paid.2008.03.019.
14. Edens J.F., Marcus D.K., Lilienfeld S.O., Poythress N.G. Psychopathic, not psychopath: Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2006, 115(1):131-144. 10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131.
15. Emmons R.A. Factor analysis and construct validity of the narcissistic personality inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 1984, 48(3):291-300. 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11.
16. Emmons R.A. Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 52(1):11-17. 10.1207/s15327752jpa4803_11.
17. Falkenbach D.M. Psychopathy and the assessment of violence in women: Case report. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice 2008, 8(2):212-224. 10.1080/15228930801964125.
18. Falkenbach D., Poythress N., Creevy C. The exploration of subclinical psychopathic subtypes and the relationship with types of aggression. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 44(4):821-832. 10.1016/j.paid.2007.10.012.
19. Gabbard G.O. Two subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 1989, 53(6):527-532.
20. Greenier K.D., Kernis M.H., Waschull S.B. Not all high (or low) self-esteem people are the same: Theory and research on stability of self-esteem. Efficacy, agency and self-esteem 1995, 51-71. Plenum Press, New York, NY. M.H. Kernis (Ed.).
21. Hare R.D. The hare psychopathy checklist-revised (PCL-R) manual 2003, Multi-Health Systems, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2nd ed.
22. Hart P.L., Joubert C.E. Narcissism and hostility. Psychological Reports 1996, 79(1):161. 10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.161.
23. Hickman S.E., Watson P.J., Morris R.J. Optimism, pessimism, and the complexity of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences 1996, 20(4):521-525. 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00223-5.
24. Hoyle R.H., Kernis M.H., Leary M.R., Baldwin M.W. Selfhood: Identity, esteem, regulation 1999, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
25. Kernaleguen A., Conrad G. Analysis of five measures of self-concept. Perceptual Motor Skills 1980, 51(3):855-861. 10.2466/pms.1980.51.3.855.
26. Kernberg O.F. Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism 1975, Jason Aronson, Inc., Northvale, NJ.
27. Kernberg O.F. Severe personality disorders 1984, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
28. Kernberg O.F. The psychotherapeutic management of psychopathic, narcissistic, and paranoid transferences. Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior 1998, 372-392. Guilford Press, New York, NY. T. Millon, E. Simonson, M. Birket-Smith, R.D. Davis (Eds.).
29. Kernis M.H., Cornell D.P., Sun C.R., Berry A., Harlow T. There's more to self-esteem than whether it's high or low: The importance of self-esteem stability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1993, 65(6):1190-1204. 10.1037/0022-3514.65.6.1190.
30. Kernis M.H., Grannemann B.D., Barclay L.C. Stability and level of self-esteem as predictors of anger arousal and hostility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989, 56(6):1013-1022. 10.1037/0022-3514.56.6.1013.
31. Lilienfeld S.O., Andrews B.P. Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure of psychopathic personality traits in non-criminal populations. Journal of Personality Assessment 1996, 66:488-524. 10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_3.
32. Lilienfeld S.O., Patrick C.J., Benning S.D., Berg J., Sellbom M., Edens J.F. The role of fearless dominance in psychopathy: Confusions, controversies, and clarifications. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 2012, 3(3):327-340. 10.1037/a0026987.
33. Maxwell K., Donnellan M.B., Hopwood C.J., Ackerman R.A. The two faces of narcissus? An empirical comparison of the narcissistic personality inventory and the pathological narcissism inventory. Personality and Individual Differences 2011, 50(5):577-582. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.031.
34. Meloy J.R., Gacono C.B. The internal world of the psychopath. Psychopathy: Antisocial, criminal, and violent behavior 1998, 95-109. Guilford Press, New York, NY. T. Millon, E. Simonson, M. Birket-Smith, R. Davis (Eds.).
35. Miller J.D., Lynam D.R. An examination of the psychopathic personality inventory's nomological network: A meta-analytic review. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment 2012, 3(3):305-326. 10.1037/a0024567.
36. Miller J.D., Lynam D.R., Widiger T.A., Leukefeld C. Personality disorders as extreme variants of common personality dimensions: Can the five-factor model adequately represent psychopathy?. Journal of Personality 2001, 69(2):253-276. 10.1111/1467-6494.00144.
37. Neumann C.S., Malterer M.B., Newman J.P. Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory (PPI): Findings from a large incarcerated sample. Psychological Assessment 2008, 20(2):169-174. 10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.169.
38. Paulhus D.L., Williams K.M. The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality 2002, 36(6):556-563. 10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6.
39. Pincus A.L., Ansell E.B., Pimentel C.A., Cain N.M., Wright A.G., Levy K.N. Initial construction and validation of the pathological narcissism inventory. Psychological Assessment 2009, 21(3):365-379. 10.1037/a0016530.
40. Pincus A.L., Lukowitsky M.R. Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 2010, 6:421-446. 10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215.
41. Porter S., Woodworth M. Psychopathy and aggression. Handbook of psychopathy 2006, 481-494. Guilford Press, New York, NY. C.J. Patrick (Ed.).
42. Raskin R.N., Terry H. A principal components analysis of the narcissistic personality inventory and further evidence of its construct validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1988, 54(5):890-902. 10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890.
43. Rhodewalt F.V., Madrian J.C., Cheney S. Narcissism, self-knowledge organization, and emotional reactivity: The effect of daily experiences on self-esteem and affect. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1998, 24(1):75-87. 10.1177/0146167298241006.
44. Rhodewalt F.V., Morf C.C. Self and interpersonal correlates of the narcissistic personality inventory: A review and new findings. Journal of Research in Personality 1995, 29(1):1-23. 10.1006/jrpe.1995.1001.
45. Ronningstam E. Narcissistic personality disorder: A review. Personality disorders 2005, Vol. 8:277-327. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. M. Maj, H.S. Akiskal, J.E. Mezzich, A. Okasha (Eds.).
46. Rose P. The happy and unhappy faces of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences 2002, 33(3):379-392. 10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00162-3.
47. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image 1965, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
48. Rozenblatt, S. (2002). In defense of the self: The relationship of self-esteem and narcissism to aggressive behavior (Doctoral dissertation, Long Island University). Retrieved from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text.
49. Sinek, D. M. (2003). The narcissistic self: Self-esteem, self-concept, and hostility (Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University). Retrieved from Dissertations & Theses: Full Text.
50. Skeem J.L., Poythress N., Edens J.F., Lilienfeld S.O., Cale E.M. Psychopathic personality or personalities? Exploring potential variants of psychopathy and their implications for risk assessment. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2003, 8(5):513-546. 10.1016/S1359-1789(02)00098-8.
51. Solomon R.S. Validity of MMPI narcissistic personality disorder scale. Psychological Reports 1982, 50(2):463-466. 10.2466/pr0.1982.50.2.463.
52. Uzieblo K., Verschuere B., Van den Bussche E., Crombez G. The validity of the psychopathic personality inventory-revised in a community sample. Assessment 2010, 17(3):334-346. 10.1177/1073191109356544.
53. Vater A., Ritter K., Schröder-Abé M., Schütz A., Lammers C., Bosson J., et al. When grandiosity and vulnerability collide: Implicit and explicit self-esteem in patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2013, 44:37-47. 10.1016/j.jbtep. 2012.07.001.
54. Vater A., Schröder-Abé M., Ritter K., Renneberg B., Schulze L., Bosson J., et al. The narcissistic personality inventory: A useful took for assessing pathological narcissism? Evidence from patients with narcissistic personality disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment 2012, 1-8. 10.1080/00223891.2012.732636.
55. Visser B.A., Pozzebon J.A., Bogaert A.F., Ashton M.C. Psychopathy, sexual behavior, and esteem: It's different for girls. Personality and Individual Differences 2010, 48(7):833-838. 10.1016/j.paid.2010.02.008.
56. Vogal R.E., Brown S.E. Delinquent self-concepts in juvenile correctional programs: Implications for program design and evaluation. Journal of Offender Counseling, Services, and Rehabilitation 1983, 7:45-59.
57. Wallace M.T., Barry C.T., Zeigler-Hill V., Green B.A. Locus of control as a contributing factor in the relation between self-perception and adolescent aggression. Aggressive Behavior 2012, 38(3):213-221. 10.1002/ab.21419.
58. Watson P., Hickman S., Morris R. Self-reported narcissism and shame: Testing the defensive self-esteem and continuum hypotheses. Personality and Individual Differences 1996, 21(2):253-259. 10.1016/0191-8869(96)00063-3.
59. Wink P. Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 61(4):590-597. 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.590.
60. Witt E.A., Donnellan M.B. Furthering the case for the MPQ-based measures of psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 45(3):219-225. 10.1016/j.paid.2008.04.002.