Can compulsory military service raise civilian wages? Evidence from the peacetime draft in Portugal

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 57-93

  Card, David ^a   Cardoso, Ana Rute ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b BARCELONA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84873513001     PISSN: 19457782     EISSN: 19457790     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/app.4.4.57     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Albrecht, James W. 1999. "Career Interruptions and Subsequent Earnings: A Reexamination Using Swedish Data." Journal of Human Resources 34 (2): 294-311.
2. Altonji, Joseph G., and Charles R. Pierret. 2001. "Employer Learning and Statistical Discrimination." Quarterly Journal of Economics 116 (1): 313-50.
3. Angrist, Joshua D. 1990. "Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative Records." American Economic Review 80 (3): 313-36.
4. Angrist, Joshua D. 1998. "Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service Using Social Security Data on Military Applicants." Econometrica 66 (2): 249-88.
5. Angrist, Joshua D., and Stacey H. Chen. 2011. "Schooling and the Vietnam-Era GI Bill: Evidence from the Draft Lottery." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 (2): 96-118.
6. Angrist, Joshua D., Stacey H. Chen, and Jae Song. 2011. "Long-Term Consequences of Vietnam-Era Conscription: New Estimates Using Social Security Data." American Economic Review 101 (3): 334-38.
7. Arcidiacono, Peter, Patrick Bayer, and Aurel Hizmo. 2010. "Beyond Signaling and Human Capital: Education and the Revelation of Ability." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2 (4): 76-104.
8. Ashenfelter, Orley C. 1978. "Estimating the Effect of Training Programs on Earnings." Review of Economics and Statistics 6 (1): 47-57.
9. Ashenfelter, Orley C., and David Card. 1985. "Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs." Review of Economics and Statistics 67 (4): 648-60.
10. Autor, David H., Mark G. Duggan, and David S. Lyle. 2011. "Battle Scars? The Puzzling Decline in Employment and Rise in Disability Receipt among Vietnam Era Veterans." American Economic Review 101 (3): 339-44.
11. Baganha, Maria Joannis, and José Carlos Marques. 2001. "Population." In Portuguese Historical Statistics, edited by Nuno Valério, 66. Lisbon: National Statistical Office.
12. Bauer, Thomas K., Stefan Bender, Alfredo R. Paloyo, and Christoph M. Schmidt. 2012. "Evaluating the Labor Market Effects of Compulsory Military Service." European Economic Review 56 (40): 814-29.
13. Bedard, Kelly, and Olivier Deschenes. 2006. "The Long-Term Impact of Military Service on Health: Evidence from World War II and Korean War Veterans." American Economic Review 96 (1): 176- 94.
14. Berger, Mark C., and Barry T. Hirsch. 1983. "The Civilian Earnings Experience of Vietnam-Era Veterans." Journal of Human Resources 18 (4): 455-79.
15. Braguinsky, Serguey, Lee G. Branstetter, and Andre Regateiro. 2011. "The Incredible Shrinking Portuguese Firm." National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper 17265.
16. Card, David, and Ana Rute Cardoso. 2012. "Can Compulsory Military Service Raise Civilian Wages? Evidence from the Peacetime Draft in Portugal: Dataset: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.4.4.57.
17. Cardoso, Ana Rute. 1998. "Earnings Inequality in Portugal: High and Rising?" Review of Income and Wealth 44 (3): 325-43.
18. Cardoso, Ana Rute, and Pedro Portugal. 2005. "Contractual Wages and the Wage Cushion under Different Bargaining Settings." Journal of Labor Economics 23 (4): 875-902.
19. Carrington, William J., and Pedro J. F. de Lima. 1996. "The Impact of 1970s Repatriates from Africa on the Portuguese Labor Market." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49 (2): 330-47.
20. Centeno, Mário, and Álvaro A. Novo. 2009. "When Supply Meets Demand: Wage Inequality in Portugal." Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper 4592.
21. Chamberlain, Gary. 1982. "Multivariate Regression Models for Panel Data." Journal of Econometrics 18 (1): 5-46.
22. Cipollone, Piero, and Alfonso Rosolia. 2007. "Social Interactions in High School: Lessons from an Earthquake." American Economic Review 97 (3): 948-65.
23. de Tray, Dennis. 1982. "Veteran Status as a Screening Device." American Economic Review 72 (1): 133-42.
24. Dobkin, Carlos, and Reza Shabani. 2009. "The Health Effects of Military Service: Evidence from the Vietnam Draft." Economic Inquiry 47 (1): 69-80.
25. Domingues, João Marco. 1998. "A Objecção de Consciência." In Janus, Anuário, Suplemento Especial Forças Armadas Portuguesas No Novo Contexto Internacional. Lisbon: Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa.
26. Farber, Henry S., and Robert Gibbons. 1996. "Learning and Wage Dynamics." Quarterly Journal of Economics 111 (4): 1007-47.
27. Fortin, Nicole, Thomas Lemieux, and Sergio Firpo. 2011. "Decomposition Methods in Economics." In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 4, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 1-102. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
28. Galiani, Sebastian, Martin A. Rossi, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. 2011. "Conscription and Crime: Evidence from the Argentine Draft Lottery." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 (2): 119-36.
29. Graham, Lawrence S. 1979. "The Military in Politics." In Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, edited by Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
30. Grenet, Julien, Robert A. Hart, and J. Elizabeth Roberts. 2011. "Above and Beyond the Call: Long- Term Real Earnings Effects of British Male Military Conscription in the Post-War Years." Labour Economics 18 (2): 194-204.
31. Haider, Steven, and Gary Solon. 2006. "Life-Cycle Variation in the Association between Current and Lifetime Earnings." American Economic Review 96 (4): 1308-20.
32. Hirsch, Barry T., and Stephen L. Mehay. 2003. "Evaluating the Labor Market Performance of Veterans Using a Matched Comparison Group Design." Journal of Human Resources 38 (3): 673-700.
33. Imbens, Guido, and Wilbert van der Klaauw. 1995. "Evaluating the Cost of Conscription in the Netherlands." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 13 (2): 207-15.
34. Keller, Katarina, Panu Poutvaara, and Andreas Wagener. 2010. "Does a Military Draft Discourage Enrollment in Higher Education?" FinanzArchiv 66 (2): 97-120.
35. Kunze, Astrid. 2002. "The Timing of Careers and Human Capital Depreciation." Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper 509.
36. Lange, Fabian. 2007. "The Speed of Employer Learning." Journal of Labor Economics 25 (1): 1-35.
37. Lemieux, Thomas. 1998. "Estimating the Effects of Unions on Wage Inequality in a Panel Data Model with Comparative Advantage and Nonrandom Selection." Journal of Labor Economics 16 (2): 261-91.
38. Light, Audrey, and Manuelita Ureta. 1995. "Early-Career Work Experience and Gender Wage Differentials." Journal of Labor Economics 13 (1): 121-54.
39. Maurin, Eric, and Theodora Xenogiani. 2007. "Demand for Education and Labor Market Outcomes: Lessons from the Abolition of Compulsory Conscription in France." Journal of Human Resources 42 (4): 795-819.
40. Oi, Walter Y. 1967. "The Economic Cost of the Draft." American Economic Review 57 (2): 39-62.
41. Paloyo, Alfredo R. 2010. "Compulsory Military Service in Germany Revisited." Rheinisch-Westfaelisches Institut fuer Wirtschaftsforschung (RUHR) Economic Paper 206.
42. Portugal. Estado Maior do Exército. 1980-1999. "Evolução das Incorporações no Exército." (data supplied August 2000).
43. Portugal. Ministério do Trabalho e da Segurança Social. 1986-2009. "Quadros de Pessoal." Data in magnetic media. (accessed 1990-2011).
44. Rebelo, Glória. 2003. "Trabalho Independente em Portugal: Empreendimento ou Risco?" Dinamia- Centro de Estudos sobre a Mudança Socioeconómica Working Paper 2003/32.
45. Schönberg, Uta. 2007. "Testing for Asymmetric Employer Learning." Journal of Labor Economics 25 (4): 651-91.
46. Tartter, Jean R. 1993. "National Security." Library of Congress Federal Research Division Country Studies: Portugal. Washington, DC, January. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pttoc.html. (accessed November 2011).