Flexible attention deployment in threatening contexts: An instructed fear conditioning study

Emotion

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1041-1049

  Shechner, Tomer ^a,b   Pelc, Tatiana ^a   Pine, Daniel S ^b   Fox, Nathan A ^c   Bar Haim, Yair ^a  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute stress; Attention bias; Attention training; Instructed fear conditioning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTENTION; COGNITION; CONDITIONING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISTRESS SYNDROME; ELECTRIC SHOCK; ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; RESPONSE TIME; THREAT;

ADULT; AFFECT; ATTENTION; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; CUES; FEAR; FEMALE; GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE; HUMANS; MALE; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 84873383482     PISSN: 15283542     EISSN: 19311516     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0027072     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Amir, N., McNally, R. J., Riemann, B. C., Burns, J., Lorenz, M., & Mullen, J. T. (1996). Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 945-948. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00054-X
2. Bar-Haim, Y. (2010). Research review: Attention bias modification (ADM): A novel treatment for anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 859-870. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02251.x
3. Bar-Haim, Y., Holoshitz, Y., Eldar, S., Frenkel, T. I., Muller, D., Charney, D. S., Wald, I. (2010). Life-threatening danger and suppression of attention bias to threat. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 694-698. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09070956
4. Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and non anxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1-24. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1
5. Bishop, S., Duncan, J., Brett, M., & Lawrence, A. D. (2004). Prefrontal cortical function and anxiety: Controlling attention to threat-related stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 184-188. doi:10.1038/nn1173
6. Browning, M., Holmes, E. A., Murphy, S. E., Goodwin, G. M., & Harmer, C. J. (2010). Lateral prefrontal cortex mediates the cognitive modification of attentional bias. Biological Psychiatry, 67, 919-925. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.031
7. Buchel, C., Morris, J., Dolan, R. J., & Friston, K. J. (1998). Brain systems mediating aversive conditioning: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron, 20, 947-957. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80476-6
8. Constans, J. I., McCloskey, M. S., Vasterling, J. J., Brailey, K., & Mathews, A. (2004). Suppression of attentional bias in PTSD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 315-323. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.113 .2.315
9. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205
10. Eldar, S., Apter, A., Lotan, D., Perez-Edgar, K., Naim, R., Fox, N. A., Bar-Haim, Y. (2011). Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: A randomized control trial. American Journal of Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011 .11060886
11. Eldar, S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2010). Neural plasticity in response to attention training in anxiety. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 40, 667-677.
12. Eldar, S., Ricon, T., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2008). Plasticity in attention: Implications for stress response in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 450-461. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.012
13. Garner, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006). Orienting and maintenance of gaze to facial expressions in social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 760-770. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.760
14. Grillon, C., Baas, J. M., Cornwell, B., & Johnson, L. (2006). Context conditioning and behavioral avoidance in a virtual reality environment: Effect of predictability. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 752-759. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.072
15. Grillon, C., Baas, J. P., Lissek, S., Smith, K., & Milstein, J. (2004). Anxious responses to predictable and unpredictable aversive events. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118, 916-924. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118 .5.916
16. Grillon, C., Levenson, J., & Pine, D. S. (2007). A single dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram exacerbates anxiety in humans: A fear-potentiated startle study. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32, 225-231. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301204
17. Grillon, C., Lissek, S., Rabin, S., McDowell, D., Dvir, S., & Pine, D. S. (2008). Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable but not predictable aversive stimuli as a psychophysiologic marker of panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 898-904. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101581
18. Grillon, C., & Morgan, C. A., 3rd. (1999). Fear-potentiated startle conditioning to explicit and contextual cues in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 134-142. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.134
19. Hakamata, Y., Lissek, S., Bar-Haim, Y., Britton, J. C., Fox, N. A., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S. (2010). Attention bias modification treatment: A meta-analysis toward the establishment of novel treatment for anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 982-990. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.021
20. Helfinstein, S. M., White, L. K., Bar-Haim, Y., & Fox, N. A. (2008). Affective primes suppress attention bias to threat in socially anxious individuals. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 799-810. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.03.011
21. Koster, E. H., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2004). Does imminent threat capture and hold attention? Emotion, 4, 312-317. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.3.312
22. Koster, E. H., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., Verschuere, B., & De Houwer, J. (2005). Signals for threat modulate attentional capture and holding: Fear-conditioning and extinction during the exogenous cueing task. Cognition & Emotion, 19, 771-780. doi:10.1080/02699930441000418
23. Lau, J. Y., Britton, J. C., Nelson, E. E., Angold, A., Ernst, M., Goldwin, M., Pine, D. S. (2011). Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108, 4500-4505. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005494108
24. LeDoux, J. E. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209-235.
25. MacLeod, C., Koster, E. H., & Fox, E. (2009). Whither cognitive bias modification research? Commentary on the special section articles. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 89-99. doi:10.1037/a0014878
26. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.15
27. MacLeod, C., Rutherford, E., Campbell, L., Ebsworthy, G., & Holker, L. (2002). Selective attention and emotional vulnerability: Assessing the causal basis of their association through the experimental manipulation of attentional bias. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 107-123. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.1.107
28. Mansell, W., Clark, D. M., Ehlers, A., & Chen, Y.-P. (1999). Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 673-690. doi:10.1080/026999399379032
29. Mechias, M. L., Etkin, A., & Kalisch, R. (2010). A meta-analysis of instructed fear studies: Implications for conscious appraisal of threat. Neuroimage, 49, 1760-1768. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.09.040
30. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202. doi: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167
31. Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998). A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 809-848. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00063-1
32. Notebaert, L., Crombez, G., Van Damme, S., De Houwer, J., & Theeuwes, J. (2011). Signals of threat do not capture, but prioritize, attention: A conditioning approach. Emotion, 11, 81-89. doi:10.1037/a0021286
33. Phelps, E. A. (2006). Emotion and cognition: Insights from studies of the human amygdala. Annual Review Psychology, 57, 27-53. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070234
34. Phelps, E. A., O'Connor, K. J., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., Grillon, C., & Davis, M. (2001). Activation of the left amygdala to a cognitive representation of fear. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 437-441. doi:10.1038/86110.
35. Rossi, A. F., Pessoa, L., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2009). The prefrontal cortex and the executive control of attention. Experimental Brain Research, 192, 489-497. doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1642-z
36. Shechner, T., Britton, J. C., Perez-Edgar, K., Bar-Haim, Y., Ernst, M., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S. (2011). Attention biases, anxiety and development: Towards or away from threats or rewards? Depression and Anxiety. Advance online publication. doi:10.1002/da.20914
37. Van Damme, S., Crombez, G., & Notebaert, L. (2008). Attentional bias to threat: A perceptual accuracy approach. Emotion, 8, 820-827. doi: 10.1037/a0014149
38. Wald, I., Lubin, G., Holoshitz, Y., Muller, D., Fruchter, E., Pine, D. S., Bar-Haim, Y. (2011). Battlefield-like stress following simulated combat and suppression of attention bias to threat. Psycholology Medicine, 41, 699-707. doi:10.1017/S0033291710002308
39. Wald, I., Shechner, T., Bitton, S., Holoshitz, Y., Charney, D. S., Muller, D., Bar-Haim, Y. (2011). Attention bias away from threat during life threatening danger predicts PTSD symptoms at one-year follow-up. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 406-411. doi:10.1002/da.20808