Application of basic pharmacology and dispensing practice of antibiotics in accredited drug-dispensing outlets in tanzania

Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 5-11

  Minzi, O M ^a   Manyilizu, V S ^b  

^a MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

^b JOHN SNOW INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Accredited drug dispensing outlets; Antibiotic dispensing practice; Duka la dawa baridi

Indexed keywords

AMOXICILLIN; ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; EXPECTORANT AGENT; ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; PROCAINE PENICILLIN; TETRACYCLINE;

ACCREDITATION; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DOCUMENTATION; DRUG INDUSTRY; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; PHARMACEUTICAL CARE; PHARMACY; PRESCRIPTION; RURAL AREA; TANZANIA;

EID: 84873372761     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11791365     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s36409     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Goud SR, Nagesh L, Fernandes S. Are we eliminating cures with antibiotic abuse? A study among dentists. Niger J Clin Pract. 2012;15: 151-155.
2. Gonzalez CM, Schaeffer AJ. Treatment of urinary tract infection; what's new and what works. World J Urol. 1999;6:372-382.
3. Hillier SL, Magee JT, Howard AJ, Palmer SR. How strong is the evidence that antibiotic use is risk factor for antibiotic resistant community - acquired urinary tract infection? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;50:241-247.
4. Rattanaumpawan P, Thamlikitkul V, Chokepaibulkit K, Lohsiriwat D, Aswapokee N. Vancomycin overuse in Siriraj Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89 (Suppl 5):S125-S132.
5. Rattan A, Kumar A. Antibiotics - use and misuse. J Acad Hospital Admin. 1995;7:19-22.
6. Seppälä H, Klaukka T, Vuopio-Varkila J, et al. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland. Finnish Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:441-446.
7. Epstein BJ, Gums JG, Drlica K. The changing face of antibiotic prescribing: the mutant selection window. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38: 1675-1682.
8. Potz NA, Hope R, Warner M, Johnson AP, Livermore DM. London and South East ESBL Project Group. Prevalence and mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacteriaciae in London and South East England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;58:320-326.
9. Towner KJ, Pearson NJ, Mhalu FS, O'Grady F. Resistance to antimicrobial agents of Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor strains isolated during the fourth cholera epidemic in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;5:747-751.
10. Mudur G. Drug resistant cholera in India attributed to antibiotic misuse. BMJ. 2000;321:1368-1369.
11. Trap B, Hansen EH. Cotrimoxazole prescribing by dispensing and non-dispensing doctors: do they differ in rationality? Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7:878-885.
12. Awad AI, Ball DE, Eltayeb IB. Improving rational drug use in Africa: the example of Sudan. East Mediterr Health J. 2007;13:1202-1211.
13. Olayemi SO, Akinyede AA, Oreagba AI. Prescription pattern at primary health care centres in Lagos State. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2006;13: 220-224.
14. Kumar R, Indira K, Rizvi A, Rizvi T, Jeyaseelan L. Antibiotic prescribing practices in primary and secondary health care facilities in Uttar Pradesh, India. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2008;33:625-634.
15. Finch MJ, Morris JG Jr, Kaviti J, Kagwanja W, Levine MM. Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant cholera in Kenya and East Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1988;39:484-490.
16. Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Bhutta ZA, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Part 1: Recent trends and current status. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:481-493.
17. Wolf-Gould C, Taylor N, Horwitz S, Barry M. Misinformation about medications in rural Ghana. Soc Sci Med. 1991;33:83-89.
18. Buttler CC, Rollinck S, Pill R, Maggs-Rapport F, Stott N. Understanding the culture of prescribing: qualitative study of general practitioner's and patients' perception of antibiotics for sore throats. BMJ. 1998;317:637-642.
19. Kagashe GA, Minzi O, Matowe L. An assessment of dispensing practices in private pharmacies in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Pharm Pract. 2011;19:30-35.
20. Kumaranayake L, Lake S, Mujinja P, Hongoro C, Mpembeni R. How do countries regulate the health sector? Evidence from Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Health Policy Plan. 2000;15:357-367.
21. Goodman C, Kachur SP, Abdulla S, Bloland P, Mills A. Drug shop regulation and malaria treatment in Tanzania - why do shops break the rules, and does it matter? Health Policy Plan. 2007;22:393-403.
22. Fassin D. Illicit sale of pharmaceuticals in Africa: sellers and clients in the suburbs of Dakar. Trop Geogr Med. 1988;40:166-170.
23. Chalker J, Chuc NT, Falkenberg T, Do NT, Tomson G. STD management by private pharmacies in Hanoi: practice and knowledge of drug sellers. Sex Transm Infect. 2000;76:299-302.
24. Stenson B, Syhakhang L, Ericksson B, Tomson G. Real world pharmacy: assessing the quality of private pharmacy practice in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52:393-404.
25. Goel P, Ross-Degnan D, Berman P, Soumerai S. Retail pharmacies in developing countries: a behavior and intervention framework. Soc Sci Med. 1996;42:1155-1161.
26. Sigonda-Ndomondo M. Accredited drug dispensing outlets: improving access to quality drugs and services in rural and peri-urban areas with few or no pharmacies. Paper presented at: Second International Conference on Improving Use of Medicines; July 2004; Chiang Mai, Thailand.
27. Aung T, Montagu D, Schlein K, Khine TM, McFarland W. Validation of a new method for testing provider clinical quality in rural settings in low- and middle-income countries: the observed simulated patient. PLoS One. 2012;7:e30196.
28. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Assessment of the Pharmaceutical Human Resources in Tanzania and The Strategic Framework. Dares Salaam: Ministry of Health and Social Welfare; 2010. Available from: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17397e/s17397e.pdf. Accessed.