The changing face of antibiotic prescribing: The mutant selection window

Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 38, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 1675-1682

  Epstein, Benjamin J ^a,b,d   Gums, John G ^b   Drlica, Karl ^c  

^a N FL/S Georgia Vet Health System   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial resistance; Mutant prevention concentration; Mutant selection window

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; CHLORAMPHENICOL; GATIFLOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN; IMIPENEM; LEVOFLOXACIN; MACROLIDE; MOXIFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEIN; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RIFAMPICIN; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GROWTH; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; ENRICHMENT CULTURE; EVALUATION; GENETIC SELECTION; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; MEDLINE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MUTANT SELECTION; MUTANT SELECTION WINDOW; MUTATION; PRESCRIPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, BACTERIAL; DRUG UTILIZATION; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; MUTATION; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS;

EID: 4644271699     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1E041     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Levy SB. Multidrug resistance: a sign of the times. N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1376-8.
2. Levy SB. The antibiotic paradox: how the misuse of antibiotics destroys their curative powers. 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publishing, 2002.
3. Bruinsma N, Hutchinson JM, Van Den Bogaard AE, Giamarellou H, Degener J, Stobberingh EE. Influence of population density on antibiotic resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:385-90.
4. Thornsberry C, Sahm DF, Kelly LJ, Critchley IA, Jones ME, Evangelista AT, et al. Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influence, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the United States: results from the TRUST Surveillance Program, 1999-2000. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34(suppl 1):S4-16.
5. Butler JC, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Elliott JA, Facklam RR, Breiman RF, and the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance Working Group. The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: an update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's pneumococcal sentinel surveillance system. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:986-93.
6. Jacobs MR, Koornhof HJ, Robins-Browne RM, Stevenson CM, Vermaak ZA, Freiman I, et al. Emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1978;299:735-40.
7. Murray B, Moellering R Jr. Patterns and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Med Clin North Am 1978;62:899-923.
8. Gold HS, Moellering RC. Drug therapy: antimicrobial-drug resistance. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1445-53.
9. Panlilio AL, Culver DH, Gaynes RP, Banerjee S, Henderson TS, Tolson JS, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphyhcoccus aureus in U.S. hospitals, 1975-1991. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13:582-6.
10. Reduced susceptibility to Staphyhcoccus aureus to vancomycin-Japan, 1996. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46:624-6.
11. Staphyhcoccus aureus resistant to vancomycin-United States, 2002. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2002;51:565-7.
12. Chang S, Sievert DM, Hageman JC, Boulton ML, Tenover FC, Downes FP, et al. Infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphyhcoccus aureus containing the vanA resistance gene. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1342-7.
13. Centers for Disease Control Semiannual report. Aggregated data from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System. Rockville, MD: United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1999.
14. Flournoy DJ, Reinert RL, Bell-Dixon C, Gentry CA. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients in intensive care units. Am J Infect Control 2000;28:244-50.
15. Jones RN, Varnam DJ. Antimicrobial activity of broad-spectrum agents tested against gram-negative bacilli resistant to ceftazidime: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (North America, 2001). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;44:379-82.
16. Gales AC, Jones RN, Turnidge J, Rennie R, Ramphal R. Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: occurrence rates, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and molecular typing in the global SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32 (suppl 2):S146-55.
17. Markham S, Brunton WA. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-a pathogen? J Infect 1983;6:95-6.
18. Ramphal R, Kluge RM. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus variety anitratus: an increasing nosocomial problem. Am J Med Sci 1979;277:57-66.
19. Bergogne-Bérézin E, Towner KJ. Acinetobacter species as nosocomial pathogens: microbiological, clinical, and epidemiological features. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996;9:148-65.
20. Spencer RC. Predominant pathogens found in the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care Study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996;15:281-5.
21. Jones ME, Thornsberry C, Livermore DM, Sahm DF. Prevalence of Acinetobacter species isolates with reduced susceptibility to imipenem, as determined by a USA-wide electronic surveillance network. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;43:429-31.
22. Emerging importance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas mattophilia as pathogens in seriously ill patients: geographic patterns, epidemiological features, and trends in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-1999). Clin Infect Dis 2001;32(suppl 2):S104-13.
23. Rosenstein N, Phillips W, Gerber M, Marcy SM, Schwanz B, Dowell SF. The common cold: principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents. Pediatrics 1998;101(suppl 1):181-4.
24. Interim guidelines for the prevention and control of staphylococcal infections associated with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 1997;46:626-8.
25. Jernigan DB, Cetron MS, Breiman RF. Minimizing the impact of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP). A strategy from the DRSP Working Group. JAMA 1996;275:206-9.
26. Ahl AS, Buntain B. Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment. Rev Sci Tech 1997;16:322-30.
27. Antibiotic resistance-a major public health crisis. The campaign to end antibiotic overuse. www.keepantibioticsworking.com (accessed 2004 Mar 9).
28. Pechère JC. Patients' interviews and misuse of antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33(suppl 3):S170-3.
29. Burke JP. Antibiotic resistance-squeezing the balloon? JAMA 1998; 280:1270-1.
30. Rahal JJ, Urban C, Horn D, Freeman K, Segal-Maurer S, Maurer J, et al. Class restriction of cephalosporin use to control total cephalosporin resistance in nosocomial Klebsiella. JAMA 1998;280:1233-7.
31. Baquero F. Resistance to quinolones in gram-negative microorganisms: mechanisms and prevention. Eur Urol 1990;17(suppl 1):3-12.
32. Baquero F, Negri MC. Strategies to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance. J Chemother 1997;9(suppl 3):29-37.
33. Zhao X, Drlica K. Restricting the selection of antibiotic-resistant mutants: a general strategy derived from fluoroquinolone studies. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33(suppl 3):S147-56.
34. Dong Y, Zhao X, Domagala J, Drlica K. Effect of fluoroquinolone concentration on selection of resistant mutants of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1756-8.
35. Dong Y, Zhao X, Kreiswirth BN, Drlica K. Mutant prevention concentration as a measure of antibiotic potency, studies with clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44: 2581-4.
36. Zhao X, Drlica K. Restricting the selection of antibiotic-resistant mutant bacteria: measurement and potential use of the mutant selection window. J Infect Dis 2002;185:561-5.
37. Firsov AA, Vostrov SN, Lubenko IY, Drlica K, Portnoy YA, Zinner SH. In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of the mutant selection window hypothesis using four fluoroquinolones against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:1604-13.
38. Zinner SH, Lubenko IY, Gilbert D, Simmons K, Zhao X, Drlica K, et al. Emergence of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro dynamic model that simulates moxifloxacin concentrations inside and outside the mutant selection, window: related changes in susceptibility, resistance frequency and bacterial killing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:616-22.
39. Linde HJ, Lehn N. Mutant prevention concentration of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin or trovafloxacin for Escherichia coli under different growth conditions. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;53:252-7.
40. Blondeau JM, Zhao X, Hansen G, Drlica K. Mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones for clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:433-8.
41. Hyatt JM, McKinnon PS, Zimmer GS, Schentag JJ. The importance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic surrogate markers to outcome. Focus on antibacterial agents. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;28:143-60.
42. Craig WA. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998;26:1-10.
43. Moore RD, Lietman PS, Smith CR. Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimum inhibitory concentration. J Infect Dis 1987;155:93-9.
44. Preston SL, Drusano GL, Berman AL, Fowler CL, Chow AT, Dornseif B, et al. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: a new paradigm for early clinical trials. JAMA 1998;279:125-9.
45. Forrest A, Nix DE, Ballow CH, Goss TF, Birmingham MC, Schentag JJ. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993;37:1073-81.
46. Millichap JJ, Pestova E, Siddiqui F, Noskin GA, Peterson LR. Fluoroquinolone resistance is a poor surrogate marker for type II topoisomerase mutations in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:2719-21.
47. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, vol. 17. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2000.
48. Bingen E, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Doit C, Aujard Y, Fournerie F, et al. Bacterial counts in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1990;9:278-81.
49. Mitchison DA. Drug resistance in mycobacteria. Br Med Bull 1984; 40:84-90.
50. Feldman W. Concentrations of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. J Pediatr 1976;88:549-52.
51. Negri MC, Lipsitch M, Blazquez J, Levin BR, Baquero F. Concentration-dependent selection of small phenotypic differences in TEM β-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:2485-91.
52. Zhao X, Eisner G, Perl-Rosenthal N, Kreiswirth B, Drlica K. Mutant prevention concentration of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) for ciprofloxacin- susceptible or -resistant Slaphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:1023-7.
53. Sindelar G, Zhao X, Liew A, Dong Y, Lu T, Zhou J, et al. Mutant prevention concentration as a measure of fluoroquinolone potency against mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000;44:3337-43.
54. Li X, Zhao X, Drlica K. Selection of Streptococcus pneumonias mutants having reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin and levofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:522-4.
55. Lu T, Zhao X, Li X, Hansen G, Blondeau J, Drlica K. Effect of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, moxifloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline concentration on the recovery of resistant mutants of Mycobacteria smegmatis and Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:61-4.
56. Hansen GT, Metzler K, Drlica K, Blondeau JM. Mutant prevention concentration of gemifloxacin for clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:440-1.
57. Negri MC, Morosini MI, Loza E, Baquero F. In vitro selective antibiotic concentrations of β-lactams for penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae populations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:122-5.
58. Drlica K. The mutant selection window and antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;52:11-7.
59. Sullivan JT, Woodruff M, Lettieri J, Agarwal V, Krol GJ, Leese PT, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a once-daily oral dose of moxifloxacin (Bay 12-8039), a new enantiomerically pure 8-methoxy quinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:2793-7.
60. Prescribing information. Levaquin (levofloxacin). www.levaquin.com (accessed 2003 Jul 25).
61. Vernon A, Burman W, Senator D, Khan A, Bozeman L. Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid. Lancet 1999;353:1843-7.
62. Burman WJ, Cohn DL, Rietmeijer CA, Judson FN, Sbarbaro JA, Reves RR. Noncompliance with directly observed therapy for tuberculosis. Epidemiology and effect on the outcome of treatment. Chest 1997; 111:1168-73.
63. Prescribing information. Tequin (gatifloxacin). www.tequin.com (accessed 2003 Jul 25).
64. Smith HJ, Nichol KA, Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG. Stretching the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) beyond its limits. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003;51:1323-5.
65. Jumbe N, Louie A, Leary R, Liu W, Deziel MR, Tam VH, et al. Application of a mathematical model to prevent in vivo amplification of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations during therapy. J Clin Invest 2003;112: 275-85.
66. Croisier D, Etienne M, Bergoin E, Charles PE, Lequeu C, Piroth L, et al. Mutant selection window in levofloxacin and moxifloxacin treatments of experimental pneumococcal pneumonia in a rabbit model of human therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48:1699-707.
67. Etienne M, Croisier D, Charles P-E, Lequeu C, Piroth L, Portier H, et al. Effects of low-level resistance on subsequent enrichment of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits. J Infect Dis 2004;190 (in press).