Early Triassic (Induan-Olenekian) conodont biostratigraphy, global anoxia, carbon isotope excursions and environmental perturbations: New data from Western Australian Gondwana

Gondwana Research

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1136-1150

  Metcalfe, I ^a,b   Nicoll, R S ^c   Willink, R ^d   Ladjavadi, M ^e   Grice, K ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^b MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^e CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anoxia; Carbon isotopes; Conodonts; Early Triassic; Environmental perturbations; Induan Olenekian boundary

Indexed keywords

ANOXIA; BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; CARBON ISOTOPE; CONODONT; FAUNA; GONDWANA; TRIASSIC;

AUSTRALIA; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

EID: 84873157115     PISSN: 1342937X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.07.002     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Algeo T.J. The Early Triassic cesspool: marine conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction. Programme & Abstracts, The XVII International Congress on the Carboniferous and Permian, Perth 3-8 July 2011: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2011/20 2011, 38. E. Håkansson, J. Trotter (Eds.).
2. Algeo T.J. Enhanced continental weathering in the latest Permian to Early Triassic: Effects on shallow marine biotas. Programme & Abstracts, The XVII International Congress on the Carboniferous and Permian, Perth 3-8 July 2011: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Record 2011/20 2011, 38. E. Håkansson, J. Trotter (Eds.).
3. Algeo T.J., Twitchett R.J. Anomalous Early Triassic sediment fluxes due to elevated weathering rates and their biological consequences. Geology 2010, 38:1023-1026.
4. Algeo T., Chen Z.Q., Fraiser M.L., Twitchett R.J. Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the collapse and rebuilding of Early Triassic marine ecosystems. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2011, 308:1-11.
5. Alroy J., Aberhan M., Bottjer D.J., Foote M., Fürsich F.T., Harries P.J., Hendy A.J.W., Holland S.M., Ivany L.C., Kiessling W., Kosnik M.A., Marshall C.R., McGowan A.J., Miller A.I., Olszewski T.D., Patzkowsky M.E., Peters S.E., Villier L., Wagner P.J., Bonuso N., Borkow P.S., Brenneis B., Clapham M.E., Fall L.M., Ferguson C.A., Hanson V.L., Krug A.Z., Layou K.M., Leckey E.H., Nürnberg S., Powers C.M., Sessa J.A., Simpson C., Tomašových A., Visaggi C.C. Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates. Science 2008, 321:97-100.
6. Bann K.L., Fielding C.R. An integrated ichnological and sedimentological comparison of non deltaic shoreface and subaqueous delta deposits in Permian reservoir units of Australia. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 2004, 228:273-310. D. McIlroy (Ed.).
7. Bond D.P.G., Wignall P.B. Pyrite framboid study of marine Permian-Triassic boundary sections: a complex anoxic event and its relationship to contemporaneous mass extinction. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2010, 122:1265-1279.
8. Brayard A., Vennin E., Olivier N., Bylund K.G., Jenks J., Stephen D.A., Bucher H., Hofmann R., Goudemand N., Escarguel G. Transient metazoan reefs in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:693-697.
9. Brookfield M.E., Twitchett R.J., Goodings C. Palaeoenvironments of the Permian-Triassic transition sections in Kashmir, India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2003, 198:353-371.
10. Corsetti F.A., Baud A., Marenco P.J., Richoz S. Summary of Early Triassic carbon isotope records. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2005, 4:473-486.
11. Dolenec T., Lojen S., Ramovs A. The Permian-Triassic boundary in Western Slovenia (Idrijca Valley section): magnetostratigraphy, stable isotopes, and elemental variations. Chemical Geology 2001, 175:175-190.
12. Epstein A.G., Epstein J.B., Harris L.D. Conodont color alteration; an index to organic metamorphism. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 0995 1977, 27 pp.
13. Erwin D.H. The Great Paleozoic Crisis 1993, Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
14. Felton E.A., Miyazaki S., Dowling L., Pain L., Vuckovic V., le Poidevin S.R. Carnarvon Basin, W.A., Bureau of Resource Sciences, Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 8 1993.
15. Galfetti T., Bucher H., Brayard A., Hochuli P.A., Weissert H., Guodun K., Atudorei V., Guex J. Late Early Triassic climate change: insights from carbonate carbon isotopes, sedimentary evolution and ammonoid paleobiogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 243:394-411.
16. Galfetti T., Bucher H., Ovtcharova M., Schaltegger U., Brayard A., Bruhwiler T., Goudemand N., Weissert H., Hochuli P.A., Cordey F., Guodun K. Timing of the Early Triassic carbon cycle perturbations inferred from new U-Pb ages and ammonoid biochronozones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 258:593-604.
17. Gorjan P., Kaiho K., Kakegawa T., Niitsuma S., Chen Z.Q., Kajiwara, Nicora A. Paleoredox, biotic and sulfur-isotopic changes associated with the end-Permian mass extinction in the western Tethys. Chemical Geology 2007, 244:483-492.
18. Gorter J.D., Nicoll R.S., Metcalfe I., Willink R.J., Ferdinando D. The Permian-Triassic boundary in western Australia: evidence from the Bonaparte and Northern Perth basins: exploration implications. Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Journal 2009, 2009:311-336.
19. Grice K., Cao C., Love G.D., Bottcher M.E., Twitchett R.J., Grosjean E., Summons R.E., Turgeon S.C., Dunning W., Jin Y. Photic zone euxinia during the Permian-Triassic Superanoxic Event. Science 2005, 307:706-709.
20. Grice K., Summons R.E., Grosjean E., Twitchett R.J., Dunning W., Wang S.X., Bottcher M.E. Depositional conditions of the northern onshore Perth Basin (basal Triassic). Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Journal 2005, 45:263-273.
21. Grice K., Nabbefeld B., Maslen E. Source and significance of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments (Hovea-3 well, Perth Basin, Western Australia) spanning the Permian-Triassic boundary. Organic Geochemistry 2007, 38:1795-1803.
22. Hays L., Love G.D., Foster C.B., Grice K., Summons R.E. Lipid biomarker records across the Permian-Triassic boundary from Kap Stosch, Greenland: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union) 87, no. 52, PP41B-1203 2006.
23. Hays L.E., Beatty T., Henderson C.M., Love G.D., Summons R.E. Evidence for photic zone euxinia through the end-Permian mass extinction in the Panthalassic Ocean (Peace River Basin, Western Canada). Paleoworld 2007, 16:39-50.
24. Hermann E., Hochuli P.A., Méhay S., Bucher H., Brühwiler T., Ware D., Hautmann M., Roohi G., ur-Rehman K., Yaseen A. Organic matter and palaeoenvironmental signals during the Early Triassic biotic recovery: The Salt Range and Surghar Range records. Sedimentary Geology 2011, 234:19-41.
25. Horacek M., Brandner R., Abart R. Carbon isotope record of the P/T boundary and the Lower Triassic in the Southern Alps: evidence for rapid changes in storage of organic carbon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 252:347-354.
26. 13C curve. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2009, 36:481-490.
27. Hotinski R.M., Bice K.L., Kump L.R., Najjar R.G., Arthur M.A. Ocean stagnation and end-Permian anoxia. Geology 2001, 29:7-10.
28. Huang C., Tong J., Hinnov L., Chen Z.Q. Did the great dying of life take 700 k.y.? Evidence from global astronomical correlation of the Permian-Triassic boundary interval. Geology 2011, 39:779-782.
29. Isozaki Y. Permo-Triassic boundary superanoxia and stratified superocean: records from lost deep sea. Science 1997, 276:235-238.
30. Isozaki Y. Integrated "plume winter" scenario for the double-phased extinction during the Paleozoic-Mesozoic transition: The G-LB and P-TB events from a Panthalassan perspective. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2009, 36:459-480.
31. Joachimski M.M., Lai X., Shen S., Jiang H., Luo G., Chen J., Sun Y. Climate warming in the latest Permian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Geology 2012, 40:195-198.
32. Kajiwara Y., Ishida K., Tanikura Y., Ishiga H. Sulfur isotope data from the Permian-Triassic boundary at Sasayama in the Tanba Terrane in southwestern Honshu, Japan. Annu. Rep. Inst. Geosci., Univ. Tsukuba 1993, 19:67-72.
33. Kajiwara Y., Yamakita S., Kobayashi D., Imai A. Sulfur isotope data from the Permian-Triassic boundary at Tenjinmaru in the Chichibu Terrane in eastern Shikoku, Japan. Annu. Rep. Inst. Geosci., Univ. Tsukuba 1993, 19:59-66.
34. Kajiwara Y., Yamakita S., Ishida K., Ishida H., Imai A. Development of a largely anoxic stratified ocean and its temporary massive mixing at the Permian/Triassic boundary supported by the sulfur isotopic record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1994, 111:367-379.
35. Kakuwa Y. Evaluation of palaeo-oxygenation of the ocean bottom across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Global and Planetary Change 2008, 63:40-56.
36. Kakuwa Y., Matsumoto R. Cerium negative anomaly just before the Permian and Triassic boundary event - the upward expansion of anoxia in the water column. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2006, 229:335-344.
37. Kato Y., Nakao K., Isozaki Y. Geochemistry of Late Permian to Early Triassic pelagic cherts from southwest Japan: implications for an oceanic redox change. Chemical Geology 2002, 182:15-34.
38. Kershaw S., Zhang T., Lan G. A ?microbialite carbonate crust at the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China, and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1999, 146:1-18.
39. Kidder D.L., Worsley T.R. Causes and consequences of extreme Permo-Triassic warming to globally equable climate and relation to the Permo-Triassic extinction and recovery. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2004, 203:207-237.
40. Knoll A.H., Bambach R.K., Payne J.L., Pruss S., Fischer W.W. Paleophysiology and end-Permian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 256:295-313.
41. Krystyn L., Bhargava O.N., Richoz S. A candidate GSSP for the base of the Olenekian Stage: mud at Pin Valley; district Lahul & Spiti, Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya), India. Albertiana 2007, 35:5-29.
42. Lehrmann D.J., Ramezani J., Bowring S.A., Martin M.W., Montgomery P., Enos P., Payne J.L., Orchard M.J., Wang H., Wei J.Y. Timing of recovery from the end-Permian extinction: geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from South China. Geology 2006, 34:1053-1056.
43. Maxwell W.D. Permian and Early Triassic extinction of non-marine tetrapods. Palaeontology 1992, 35:571-583.
44. McTavish R.A. Triassic conodont faunas from Western Australia. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 1973, 143:275-303.
45. McTavish R.A., Dickins J.M. The age of the Kockatea Shale (Lower Triassic), Perth Basin-a reassessment. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 1974, 21:195-201.
46. Metcalfe I., Riley N.J. Conodont Colour Alteration pattern in the Carboniferous of the Craven Basin and adjacent areas, northern England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 2010, 58:1-9.
47. Metcalfe I., Nicoll R.S., Willink R.J. Conodonts from the Permian Triassic transition in Australia and position of the Permian-Triassic boundary. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2008, 55:349-361.
48. Meyer K.M., Kump L.R., Ridgwell A. Biogeochemical controls on photic-zone euxinia during the end-Permian mass extinction. Geology 2008, 36:747-750.
49. Michaelson P. Mass-extinction of peat-forming plants and the effect on fluvial styles across the Permian-Triassic boundary, northern Bowen Basin, Australia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2002, 179:173-188.
50. Mory A.J., Iasky R.P. Stratigraphy and structure of the onshore northern Perth Basin, Western Australia. Western Australia Geological Survey, Report 1996, 46. 101 pp.
51. Mory A.J., Haig D.W., McLoughlin S., Hocking R. Geology of the northern Perth Basin, Western Australia - a field guide: Western Australia Geological Survey, Record 2005/9 2005, 71 pp.
52. Mundil R., Ludwig K.R., Metcalfe I., Renne P.R. Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb geochronology on closed-system zircons. Science 2004, 305:1760-1763.
53. Mundil R., Palfy J., Renne P.R., Brack P. The Triassic time scale: new constraints and a review of geochronological data. Geological Society of London Special Publication 2010, 334:41-60. S.G. Lucas (Ed.).
54. 13C-depleted superocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 191:9-20.
55. pyrite from several Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) sections. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 295:21-29.
56. Newton R., Pevitt E.L., Wignall P.B., Bottrell S.H. Large shifts in the isotopic composition of seawater sulphate across the Permo-Triassic boundary in northern Italy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2004, 218:331-345.
57. Nielsen J.K., Shen Y. Evidence for sulfidic deep water during the late Permian in the East Greenland Basin. Geology 2004, 32:1037-1040.
58. Nielsen J.K., Shen Y., Piasecki S., Stemmerik L. No abrupt change in redox condition caused the end-Permian marine ecosystem collapse in the East Greenland Basin. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 291:32-38.
59. Nowlan G.S., Barnes C.R. Application of conodont colour alteration indices to regional and economic geology. British Micropalaeontological Society Series 1987, 188-202. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester. R.L. Austin (Ed.).
60. Orchard M.J. Conodont diversity and evolution through the latest Permian and Early Triassic upheavals. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 252:93-117.
61. Orchard M.J. Triassic conodonts and their role in stage boundary definition. Geological Society of London Special Publication 2010, 334:139-161. S.G. Lucas (Ed.).
62. Orchard M.J., Krystyn L. Conodonts from the Induan-Olenekian boundary interval at Mud, Spiti. Albertiana 2007, 35:30-34.
63. Orchard M.J., Tozer E.T. Triassic conodont biochronology and intercalibration with the Canadian ammonoid sequence. Albertiana 1997, 20:33-44.
64. Ovtcharova M., Bucher H., Schaltegger U., Galfetti T., Brayard A., Guex J. New Early to Middle Triassic U-Pb ages from South China: calibration with ammonoid biochronozones and implications for the timing of the Triassic biotic recovery. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 243:463-475.
65. Payne J.L., Lehrmann D.J., Wei J., Orchard M.J., Schrag D.P., Knoll A.H. Large perturbations of the carbon cycle during recovery from the end-Permian extinction. Science 2004, 305:506-509.
66. Posenato R. Global correlations of mid Early Triassic events: the Induan/Olenekian boundary in the Dolomites (Italy). Earth-Science Reviews 2008, 91:93-105.
67. Pruss S.B., Bottcher D.J. The reorganization of reef communities following the end-Permian mass extinction. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2005, 4:553-568.
68. Purcell R. Palynology Report Senecio-1, L1, North Perth Basin, Western Australia. Report to Arc Energy NL 2006, 7 pp.
69. Retallack G.J., Krull E.S. Landscape ecological shift at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 1999, 46:785-812.
70. Retallack G.J., Veevers J.J., Morante R. Global coal gap between Permian-Triassic extinction and Middle Triassic recovery of peat-forming plants. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1996, 108:195-207.
71. Richoz S., Krystyn L., Horacek M., Spötl C. Carbon isotope record of the Induan-Olenekian candididate GSSP Mud and comparison with other sections. Albertiana 2007, 35:35-39.
72. Schubert J.K., Bottjer D.J. Aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event: Paleoecology of Lower Triassic carbonates in the western USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1995, 116:1-39.
73. Sheldon N.D. Abrupt chemical weathering increase across the Permian-Triassic boundary. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2006, 231:315-321.
74. Shen S.-Z., Henderson C.M., Bowring S.A., Cao C.-Q., Wang Y., Wang W., Zhang H., Zhang Y.-C., Mu L. High-resolution Lopingian (Late Permian) timescale of South China. Geological Journal 2010, 45:122-134.
75. Shen S.-Z., Crowley J.L., Wang Y., Bowring S.A., Erwin D.H., Sadler P.M., Cao C.-Q., Rothman D.H., Henderson C.M., Ramezani J., Zhang H., Shen Y., Wang X.-d., Wang W., Mu L., Li W.-z., Tang Y.-g., Liu X.-l., Liu L.-j., Jiang Y.-f., Jin Y.-g. Calibrating the end-Permian mass extinction. Science 2011, 334:1367-1372.
76. The Lower Triassic System in the Abrek Bay area, South Primorye, Russia. Tokyo, National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs No. 38 2009, 218 pp. Y. Shigeta, Y.D. Zakharov, H. Maeda, A.M. Popov (Eds.).
77. Takahashi S., Yamakita S., Suzuki N., Kaiho K., Ehiro M. High organic carbon content and a decrease in radiolarians at the end of the Permian in a newly discovered continuous pelagic section: a coincidence?. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2009, 271:1-12.
78. Thomas B.M., Barber C.J. A re-evaluation of the hydrocarbon habitat of the northern Perth Basin. Australian Petroleum Production & Exploration Association Journal 2004, 44:59-92.
79. Thomas B.M., Willink R.J., Grice K., Twitchett R.J., Purcell R.R., Archbold N.W., George A.D., Tye S., Alexander R., Foster C.B., Barber C.J. Unique marine Permian-Triassic boundary section from Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 2004, 51:423-430.
80. Tong J., Yin Y. The Lower Triassic of South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 2002, 20:803-815.
81. Tong J., Zhao L. Lower Triassic and Induan-Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province, South China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2011, 85:399-407.
82. Tong J., Zakharov Y.D., Orchard M.J., Yin H., Hansen H.J. Proposal of Chaohu section as the GSSP candidate of the I/O boundary. Albertiana 2004, 29:13-28.
83. Twitchett R.J. Palaeoenvironments and faunal recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1999, 154:27-37.
84. Twitchett R.J., Wignall P.B. Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction: evidence from northern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1996, 124:137-151.
85. Wignall P.B., Hallam A. Anoxia as a cause of the Permian/Triassic extinction: facies evidence from northern Italy and the western United States. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1992, 93:21-46.
86. Wignall P.B., Hallam A. Griesbachian (Earliest Triassic) palaeoenvironmental changes in the Salt Range, Pakistan and southeast China and their bearing on the Permo-Triassic mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1993, 102:215-237.
87. Wignall P.B., Newton R. Contrasting deep-water records from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of South Tibet and British Columbia: evidence for a diachronous mass extinction. PALAIOS 2003, 18:153-167.
88. Wignall P.B., Twitchett R.J. Oceanic anoxia and the end-Permian mass extinction. Science 1996, 272:1155-1158.
89. Wignall P.B., Twitchett R.J. Extent, duration and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. Boulder, Colorado. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2002, 356:395-413. C. Koeberl, K.C. MacLeod (Eds.).
90. Wignall P.B., Newton R., Brookfield M.E. Pyrite framboid evidence for oxygen-poor deposition during the Permian-Triassic crisis in Kashmir. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2005, 216:183-188.
91. Wignall P.B., Bond D.P.G., Kuwahara K., Kakuwa Y., Newton R.J., Poulton S.W. An 80 million year oceanic redox history from Permian to Jurassic pelagic sediments of the Mino-Tamba terrane, SW Japan, and the origin of four mass extinctions. Global and Planetary Change 2010, 71:109-123.
92. Winguth C., Winguth A.M.E. Simulating Permian-Triassic oceanic anoxia distribution: implications for species extinction and recovery. Geology 2012, 40:127-130.
93. Winguth A.M.E., Maier-Reimer E. Causes of the marine productivity and oxygen changes associated with the Permian-Triassic boundary: a reevaluation with ocean general circulation models. Marine Geology 2005, 217:283-304.
94. Zhao L., Orchard M.J., Tong J., Sun Z., Zuo J., Zhang S., Yun A. Lower Triassic conodont sequence in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China and its global correlation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2007, 252:24-38.
95. Zhao L., Tong J., Sun Z., Orchard M.J. A detailed Lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy and its implications for the GSSP candidate of the Induan-Olenekian boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province. Progress in Natural Science 2008, 18:79-90.