Prevalence of Ehrlichia ruminantium in adult Amblyomma variegatum collected from cattle in Cameroon

Experimental and Applied Acarology

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 377-387

  Esemu, Seraphine N ^a   Besong, Willington O ^b   Ndip, Roland N ^a,c   Ndip, Lucy M ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BUEA   (Cameroon)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UDINE   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE   (South Africa)

^d University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

Author keywords

Amblyomma variegatum; Cameroon; Ehrlichia ruminantium; PCR

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BACTERIUM; CATTLE; DISEASE PREVALENCE; ETIOLOGY; HOMOLOGY; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTION; INFECTIVITY; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGY; TICK;

CAMEROON;

AMBLYOMMA; AMBLYOMMA HEBRAEUM; AMBLYOMMA VARIEGATUM; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOS; BOVIDAE; EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM; IXODIDA;

EID: 84873156314     PISSN: 01688162     EISSN: 15729702     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9599-9     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Allsopp MTEP, Dorfling CM, Maillard JC, Bensaid A, Haydon DT, van Heerden H, Allsopp BA (2001) Ehrlichia ruminantium major antigenic protein gene (map1) variants are not geographically constrained and show no evidence of having evolved under positive selection pressure. J Clin Microbiol 39: 4200-4203.
2. Allsopp MT, van Strijp MF, Faber E, Josemans AI, Allsopp BA (2007) Ehrlichia ruminantium variants which do not cause heartwater found in South Africa. Vet Microbiol 120: 158-166.
3. Awa DN (1997) Serological survey of heartwater relative to the distribution of the vector Amblyomma variegatum and other tick species in North Cameroon. Vet Parasitol 68: 165-173.
4. Barré N, Garris GI, Borel G, Camus E (1988) Hosts and population dynamics of Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) on Guadeloupe, French West Indies. J Med Entomol 25(2): 111-115.
5. Bekker CPJ, de Vos S, Tanfik A, Sparagano OAE, Jongejan F (2002) Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum ticks by reverse line blot hybridization. Vet Microbiol 89: 223-238.
6. Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CPJ, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, Rikihisa Y, Rurangirwa FR (2001) Reorganisation of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the Order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia description of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and "HGE" agent as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichiaphagocytophila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51: 2145-2165.
7. Faburay B, Geysen D, Munstermann S, Taoufik A, Postigo M, Jongejan F (2007) Molecular detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium infection in Amblyomma variegatum ticks in The Gambia. Exp Appl Acarol 42: 6174.
8. Faburay B, Jongejan F, Taoufik A, Ceesay A, Geysen D (2008) Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum ticks and small ruminants in The Gambia determined by restriction fragment profile analysis. Vet Microbiol 126: 189-199.
9. Jordaan JO, Baker JAF (1981) Survival rate on the host and mating capacity of Amblyomma hebreaum (Koch) male ticks. In: Whitehead GB, Gidson JD (eds) Tick biology and control. Tick Research Unit, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, pp 115-117.
10. Martinez D, Vachiery N, Stachurski F, Kandassamy Y, Raliniaina M, Aprelon R, Gueye A (2004) Nested PCR for detection and genotyping of Ehrlichia ruminantium, use in genetic diversity analysis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1026: 106-113.
11. Merlin P, Tsangen P, Ronsvoal D (1986) Dynamique saisoniere de l'infestation des bovines par les tiques (Ixodoidea) dans les hauts plateaux de l'Ouest du Cameroun. I. etudes de trois sites autour de Bamenda pendant un an. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 39: 367-376.
12. Merlin P, Tsangen P, Ronsvoal D (1987) Dynamique saisoniere de l'infestation des bovines par les tiques (Ixodoidea) dans les hauts plateaux de l'Ouest du Cameroun. II. Elevage extensif traditionnel. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 40: 133-140.
13. Ndi C, Bayemi PH, Nfi AN, Ekue FN (1998) Preliminary observations on ticks and tick borne diseases in the North West Province of Cameroon II. Bovine heartwater. Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop 51: 25-28.
14. Ndip LM, Fokam EB, Bouyer DH, Ndip RN, Titanji VPK, Walker DW, McBride JW (2004) Detection of Rickettsia africae in patients and ticks along the Coastal Region of Cameroon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 363-366.
15. Perez J-M, Martinez D, Sheikboudou C, Jongejan F, Bensaid A (1998) Characterization of variable immunodorminant antigens of Cowdria ruminantium by ELISA and immunoblots. Parasite Immunol 20: 613-622.
16. Peter TF, Perry BD, O'Callaghan CJ, Medley GF, Mlambo G, Barbet AF, Mahan SM (1999) Prevalence of Cowdria ruminantium infection in Amblyomma hebraeum ticks from heartwater endemic areas of Zimbabwe. Epidemiol Infect 123: 309-316.
17. Peter TF, Barbet AF, Alleman AR, Simbi BH, Burridge MJ, Mahan M (2000) Detection of the agent of heartwater, Cowdria ruminantium in Amblyomma ticks by PCR: validation and application of the assay to field ticks. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1539-1544.
18. Raliniaina M, Meyer DF, Pinarello V, Sheikboudou C, Emboule′ L, Kandassamy Y, Adakal H, Stachurski F, Martinez D, Lefrancois T, Vachiery N (2010) Mining the genetic diversity of Ehrlichia ruminantium using map genes family. Vet Parasitol 167: 187-195.
19. Reddy GR, Sulsona CR, Harrison RH, Mahan SM, Burridge MJ, Barbet AF (1996) Sequence heterogeneity of the major antigenic protein 1 genes from Cowdriaruminantium isolates from different geographical areas. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3: 417-422.
20. Simbi BH, Peter TF, Burridge MJ, Mahan SM (2003) Comparing the detection of exposure to Ehrlichia ruminantium infection on a heartwater endemic farm by pCS20 polymerase chain reaction assay and an indirect MAP-1B enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 70: 231-235.
21. Stachurski F, Musonge EN, Achu-Kwi MD, Saliki JT (1993) Impact of natural infestation of Amblyomma variegatum on the liveweight gain of male Gudali cattle in Adamawa (Cameroon). Vet Parasitol 49: 299-311.
22. Uilenberg G (1983) Heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection): current status. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 27: 427-480.
23. Vachiery N, Jeffery H, Pegram R, Aprelon R, Pinarello V, Kandassamy RL, Raliniaina M, Molia S, Savage H, Alexander R, Frebling M, Martinez D, Lefrancois T (2008) Amblyomma variegatum ticks and heartwater on three Caribbean Islands. Ann NY Acad Sci 1149: 191-195.
24. van Heerden H, Steyn HC, Allsopp MTP, Zweygarth E, Josemans AI, Allsopp BA (2004) Characterization of the pCS20 region of different Ehrlichia ruminantium Isolates. Vet Microbiol 101: 279-291.
25. Yu XJ, McBride JW, Walker DH (2007) Restriction and expansion of Ehrlichia strain diversity. Vet Parasitol 143: 337-346.