Dynamics of phytoplankton community structure in the South China Sea in response to the East Asian aerosol input

Biogeosciences

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1519-1536

  Guo, C ^a   Yu, J ^a   Ho, T Y ^b   Wang, L ^c   Song, S ^d   Kong, L ^a   Liu, H ^a  

^a HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

^b RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES   (Taiwan)

^c XIAMEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; BIOACCUMULATION; BIOASSAY; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE; BIOINDICATOR; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; DIATOM; FOOD WEB; MICROCOSM; MORTALITY; NITROGEN; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE; PHYTOPLANKTON; PICOPLANKTON; PROTIST; TOXICITY; TRACE METAL; TROPHIC CONDITIONS;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 84873119027     PISSN: 17264170     EISSN: 17264189     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-1519-2012     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Aguilar-Islas, A. M., Wu, J., Rember, R., Johansen, A. M., and Shank, L. M.: Dissolution of aerosol-derived iron in seawater: Leach solution chemistry, aerosol type, and colloidal iron fraction, Mar. Chem., 120, 25-33, 2010.
2. Akimoto, H.: Global air quality and pollution, Science, 302, 1716- 1719, 2003.
3. Baker, A. R., Kelly, S. D., Biswas, K. F., Witt, M., and Jickells, T. D.: Atmospheric deposition of nutrients to the Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2296-2299, 2003.
4. Berges, J. A., Charlebois, D. O., Mauzerall, D. C., and Falkowski, P. G.: Differential effects of nitrogen limitation on photosynthetic efficiency of photosystems I and II in microalgae, Plant Physiol., 110, 689-696, 1996.
5. Blain, S., Guieu, C., Claustre, H., Leblanc, K., Moutin, T., Queguiner, B., Ras, J., and Sarthou, G.: Availability of iron and major nutrients for phytoplankton in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 2095-2104, 2004.
6. Bonnet, S., Guieu C., Chiaverini, J., Ras J., and Stock, A.: Effect of atmospheric nutrients on the autotrophic communities in a low nutrient, low chlorophyll system, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1810-1819, 2006.
7. Boyd, P. W. and Newton, P. P.: Does planktonic community structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in different oceanic provinces?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 63-91, 1999.
8. Boyd, P. W., Wong, C. S., Merrill, J., Whitney, Snow, F., J., Harrison, P. J., and Gower, J.: Atmospheric iron supply and enhanced vertical carbon flux in the NE subarctic Pacific: Is there a connection? Global Biogeochem. Cy., 12, 429-441, 1998.
9. Boyd, P. W., Jickells, T., Law, C. S., Blain, S., Boyle, E. A., Buesseler, K. O., Coale, K. H., Cullen, J. J., De Baar, H. J. W., Follows, M., Harvey, M., Lancelot, C., Levasseur, M., Owens, N. P. J., Pollard, R., Rivkin, R. B., Sarmiento, J., Schoemann, V., Smetacek, V., Takeda, S., Tsuda, A., Turner, S., and Watson, A. J.: Mesoscale iron enrichment experiments 1993-2005: Synthesis and future directions, Science, 315, 612-617, 2007.
10. Brand, L. E., Sunda,W. G., and Guillard, R. R. L.: Reduction of marine phytoplankton reproduction rates by copper and cadmium, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 96, 225-250, 1986.
11. Bruland K. W., Donut, J. R., and Hutchins, D. A.: Interactive influences of bioactive trace metals on biological production in oceanic waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1555-1577, 1991.
12. Cavender-Bares, K. K., Karl, D. M., and Chisholm, S. W.: Nutrient gradients in the western North Atlantic Ocean: relationship to microbial community structure and comparison to patterns in the Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 48, 2373-2395, 2001.
13. Chameides,W. L., Yu, H., Liu, S. C., Bergin, M., Zhou, X., Mearns, L., Wang, G., Kiang, C. S., Saylor, R. D., Luo, C., Huang, Y., Steiner, A., and Giorgi, F.: Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture: An opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 13626-13633, 1999.
14. Chen, Y. L., Chen, H.-Y., Karl, D. M., and Takahashi, M.: Nitrogen modulates phytoplankton growth in spring in the South China Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 24, 527-541, 2004.
15. Chisholm, S. W.: Phytoplankton size, in: Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by: Falkowski, P. G. and Woodhead, A. D., Plenum Press, New York, 1992.
16. Cohen, D. D., Garton, D., Stelcer, E., Hawas, O., Wang, T., Poon, S., Kim, J., Choi, B. C., Oh, S. N., Shin, H.-J., Ko, M. Y., and Uematsu, M.: Multielemental analysis and characterization of fine aerosols at several key ACE-Asia sites, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19S12, doi:10.1029/2003jd003569, 2004.
17. Doney, S. C., Mahowald, N., Lima, I., Feely, R. A., Mackenzie, F. T., Lamarque, J. F., and Rasch, P. J.: Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 14580-14585, 2007.
18. Duce, R. A. and Tindale, N. W.: Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1715-1726, 1991.
19. Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Buat-Menard, P., Hicks, B. B., Miller, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M., Ellis, W., Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Jickells, T. D., Knap, A. H., Reinhardt, K. H., Schneider, B., Soudine, A., Tokos, J. J., Tsunogai, S., Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5, 193-259, 1991.
20. Duce, R. A., Laroche, J., Altieri, K., Arrigo, K. R., Baker, A. R., Capone, D. G., Cornell, S., Dentener, F., Galloway, J., Ganeshram, R. S., Geider, R. J., Jickells, T., Kuypers, M. M., Langlois, R., Liss, P. S., Liu, S. M., Middelburg, J. J., Moore, C. M., Nickovic, S., Oschlies, A., Pedersen, T., Prospero, J., Schlitzer, R., Seitzinger, S., Sorensen, L. L., Uematsu, M., Ulloa, O., Voss, M., Ward, B., and Zamora, L.: Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean, Science, 320, 893-897, 2008.
21. Elser, J. J., Andersen, T., Baron, J. S., Bergstrom, A. K., Jansson, M., Kyle, M., Nydick, K. R., Steger, L., and Hessen, D. O.: Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Science, 326, 835-837, 2009.
22. Falkowski, P. G.: Evolution of the nitrogen cycle and its influence on the biological sequestration of CO2 in the ocean, Nature, 387, 272-275, 1997.
23. Falkowski, P. G., Barber, R. T., and Smetacek, V.: Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production, Science, 281, 200-206, 1998.
24. Furuya, K., Hayashi, M., and Yabushita, Y.: HPLC Determination of phytoplankton pigments using N, N-Dimethylformamide, J. Oceanogr., 54, 199-203, 1998.
25. Gao, Y., Aromoto, R., Duce, R. A., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, G. Y., An, Z. S., Chen, L. Q., Zhou, M. Y., and Gu, D. Y.: Temporal and spatial distribution of dust and its deposition to the China Sea, Tellus, 49B, 172-189, 1997.
26. Geider, R. J.: Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll a ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton, New Phytol., 106, 1-34, 1987.
27. Geider, R. J. and Roche, J. L.: Redfield revisited: Variability of C:N:P in marine microalgae and its biochemical basis, Eur. J. Phycol., 37, 1-17, 2002.
28. Goldman, J. C.: Potential role of large oceanic diatoms in new primary production, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 40, 159-168, 1993.
29. Gong, G.-C., Chang, J., and Wen, Y.-H.: Estimation of annual primary production in the Kuroshio waters northeast of Taiwan using a photosynthesis-irradiance model, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 93-108, 1999.
30. Gong, S. L., Zhang, X. Y., Zhao, T. L., McKendry, I. G., Jaffe, D. A., and Lu, N. M.: Characterization of soil dust aerosol in China and its transport and distribution during 2001 ACE-Asia: 2. Model simulation and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4262, doi:10.1029/2002jd002633, 2003.
31. Gonzalez, J. M., Sherr, E. B., and Sherr, B. F.: Size-selective grazing on bacteria by natural assemblages of estuarine flagellates and ciliates, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, 583-589, 1990.
32. Guieu, C., Bozec, Y., Blain, S., Ridame, C., and Leblond, G. S. N.: Impact of high Saharan dust inputs on dissolved iron concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1911-1914, 2002.
33. Hagstrom, A., Azam, F., Andersson, A., Wikner, J., and Rassoulzadegan, F.: Microbial loop in an oligotrophic pelagic marine ecosystem: possible roles of cyanobacteria and nanoflagellates in the organic fluxes, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 49, 171-178, 1988.
34. Herut, B., Zohary, T., Krom, M., Mantoura, R., Pitta, P., Psarra, S., Rassoulzadegan, F., Tanaka, T., and Fredethingstad, T.: Response of East Mediterranean surface water to Saharan dust: Onboard microcosm experiment and field observations, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 3024-3040, 2005.
35. Ho, T.-Y., Wen, L.-S., You, C.-F., and Lee, D.-C.: The trace metal composition of size-fractionated plankton in the South China Sea: Biotic versus abiotic sources, Limnol. Oceanogr., 52, 1776-1788, 2007.
36. Hsu, S.-C., Wong, G. T. F., Gong, G.-C., Shiah, F.-K., Huang, Y.- T., Kao, S.-J., Tsai, F., Lung, S.-C. C., Lin, F.-J., and Lin, I.-I.: Sources, solubility, and dry deposition of aerosol trace elements over the East China Sea, Mar. Chem., 120, 116-127, 2010.
37. Hung, C.-C., Gong, G.-C., Chung, W.-C., Kuo, W.-T., and Lin, F.-C.: Enhancement of particulate organic carbon export flux induced by atmospheric forcing in the subtropical oligotrophic northwest Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 113, 19-24, 2009.
38. Jickells, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., Laroche, J., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M., Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.: Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate, Science, 308, 67-71, 2005.
39. Knap, A., Michael, A., Close, A., Ducklow, H., and Diskson, A. (Eds.): Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) core measurements, JGOFS Report Nr. 19, Vi+170 pp., (Reprint of the IOC Manuals and Guides No. 29, UNESCO 1994), 43- 110, 1996.
40. Kolber Z. S., Barber, R. T., Coale, K. H., Fitzwateri, S. E., Greene, R. M., Johnson, K. S., Lindley, S., and Falkowski, P. G.: Iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, Nature, 371, 145-148, 1994.
41. Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Zender, C. S., and Luo, C.: Effects of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 112, G02019, doi:10.1029/2006jg000334, 2007.
42. Landry, M. R., Constantinou, J., Latasa, M., Brown, S. L., Bidigare, R. R., and Ondrusek, M. E.: Biological response to iron fertilization in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IronEx II). III. Dynamics of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 201, 73-83, 2000.
43. Lekunberri, I., Lefort, T., Romero, E., Vazquez-Dominguez, E., Romera-Castillo, C., Marrase, C., Peters, F., Weinbauer, M., and Gasol, J. M.: Effects of a dust deposition event on coastal marine microbial abundance and activity, bacterial community structure and ecosystem function, J. Plankton Res., 32, 381-396, 2010.
44. Lin, I.-I., Chen, J.-P., Wong, G. T. F., Huang, C.-W., and Lien, C.-C.: Aerosol input to the South China Sea: Results from the MODerate resolution imaging spectro-radiometer, the quick scatterometer, and the measurements of pollution in the troposphere sensor, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 1589-1601, 2007.
45. Lin, I.-I., Wong, G. T. F., Lien, C.-C., Chien, C.-Y., Huang, C.-W., and Chen, J.-P.: Aerosol impact on the South China Sea biogeochemistry: An early assessment from remote sensing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L17605, doi:10.1029/2009GL037484, 2009.
46. Liu, H., Chang, J., Tseng, C.-M., Wen, L.-S., and Liu, K. K.: Seasonal variability of picoplankton in the northern South China Sea at the SEATS station, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 1602-1616, 2007.
47. Lomas, M. W. and Moran, S. B.: Evidence for aggregation and export of cyanobacteria and nano-eukaryotes from the Sargasso Sea euphotic zone, Biogeosciences, 8, 203-216, doi:10.5194/bg- 8-203-2011, 2011.
48. Mann, E. L. and Chisholm, S. W.: Iron limits the cell division rate of Prochlorococcus in the eastern equatorial Pacific, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1067-1076, 2000.
49. Mann, E. L., Ahlgren, N., Moffett, J. W., and Chisholm, S. W.: Copper toxicity and cyanobacteria ecology in the Sargasso Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 976-988, 2002.
50. Martin, J. H.: Glacial-interglacial CO2 change: the iron hypothesis, Paleoceanograogy, 5, 1-13, 1990.
51. Martin, J. H., Gordon, R. M., Fitzwater, S., and Broenkow, W. W.: Vertex: phytoplankton/iron studies in the Gulf of Alaska, Deep- Sea Res. Pt. I, 36, 649-680, 1989.
52. Martin, J. H., Gordon, R. M., and Fitzwater, S. E.: The case for iron, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1793-1802, 1991.
53. Marañón, E., Fernández, A., Mouriño-Carballido, B., Martínez- García, S., Teira, E., Cermeño, P., Chouciño, P., Huete-Ortega, M., Fernández, E., Calvo-Díaz, A., Morán, A. X. G., Bode, A., Moreno-Ostos, E., Varela, M. M., Patey, M. D., and Achterberg, E. P.: Degree of oligotrophy controls the response of microbial plankton to Saharan dust, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 2339-2352, 2010.
54. Miller, C. B., Frost, B. W., Wheeler, P. A., Landry, M. R., Welschmeyer, N., and Powell, T. M.: Ecological dynamics in the subarctic Pacific, a possibly iron-limited ecosystem, Limnol. Oceanogr., 36, 1600-1615, 1991.
55. Mills, M. M., Ridame, C., Davey, M., Roche, J. L., and Geider, R. J.: Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic, Nature, 429, 292-294, 2004.
56. Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Milne, A., Langlois, R., Achterberg, E. P., Lochte, K., Geider, R. J., and La Roche, J.: Iron limits primary productivity during spring bloom development in the central North Atlantic, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 626-634, 2006.
57. Neuer, S., Torres-Padrón, M. E., Gelado-Caballero, M. D., Rueda, M. J., Hernández-Brito, J., Davenport, R., and Wefer, G.: Dust deposition pulses to the eastern subtropical North Atlantic gyre: Does ocean's biogeochemistry respond?, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4020, doi:10.1029/2004gb002228, 2004
58. Olaizola, M., Geider, R. J., Harrison, W. G., Graziano, L. M., Ferrari, G. M., and Schlittenhardt, P. M.: Synoptic study of variations in the fluorescence-based maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthesis across the North Atlantic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 755-765, 1996.
59. Olson, R. J., Zettler, E. R., and Durand, M. D.: Phytoplankton analysis using flow cytometry, in: Handbook of methods in aquatic microbial ecology, edited by: Kemp, P. F., Sherr, B. F., Sherr, E. B., and Cole, J. J., Lewis, 175-186, 1993.
60. Onitsuka, G., Uno, I., Yanagi, T., and Yoon, J. H.: Modeling the effects of atmospheric nitrogen input on biological production in the Japan Sea, J. Oceanogr., 65, 433-438, 2009.
61. Paerl, H.W.: Coastal eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: Importance of atmospheric deposition and groundwater as "new" nitrogen and other nutrient sources, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1154-1165, 1997.
62. Paytan, A., Mackey, K. R. M., Chen, Y., Lima, I. D., Doney, S. C., Mahowald, N., Labiosa, R., and Post, A. F.: Toxicity of atmospheric aerosols on marine phytoplankton, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 4601-4605, 2009.
63. Raven, J. A.: Small is beautiful: the picophytoplankton, Funct. Ecol., 12, 503-513, 1998.
64. Ridame, C. and Guieu, C.: Saharan input of phosphate to the oligotrophic water of the open western Mediterranean Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 856-869, 2002.
65. Romero, E., Peters, F., Marrasé, C., Guadayol, Ò., Gasol, J. M., and Weinbauer, M. G.: Coastal Mediterranean plankton stimulation dynamics through a dust storm event: An experimental simulation, Estuar. Coast. Shelf. S., 93, 27-39, 2011.
66. Rocap, G., Larimer, F. W., Lamerdin, J., Malfatti, S., Chain, P., Ahlgren, N. A., Arellano, A., Coleman, M., Hauser, L., Hess, W. R., Johnson, Z. I., Land, M., Lindell, D., Post, A. F., Regala, W., Shah, M., Shaw, S. L., Steglich, C., Sullivan, M. B., Ting, C. S., Tolonen, A., Webb, E. A., Zinser, E. R., and Chisholm, S. W.: Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation, Nature, 424, 1042-1047, 2003.
67. Sherr, E. B. and Sherr, B. F.: Bacterivory and herbivory: Key roles of phagotrophic protists in pelagic food webs, Microb. Ecol., 28, 223-235, 1994.
68. Sherr, E. B. and Sherr, B. F.: Significance of predation by protists in aquatic microbial food webs, Anton. Leeuw. Int. J., 81, 293-308, 2002.
69. Smetacek, V. S.: Role of sinking in diatom life-history cycles ecological, evolutionary and geological significance, Mar. Biol., 84, 239-251, 1985.
70. Strickland, J. D. H. and Parsons, T. R.: A practical handbook of seawater analysis, 2nd Edn., Bull. Fish. Res. Board., 167, 201- 203, 1972.
71. Suggett, D. J., Moore, C. M., Hickman, A. E., and Geider, R. J.: Interpretation of fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorescence: signatures of phytoplankton community structure versus physiological state, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 376, 1-19, 2009.
72. Sundarambal, P., Tkalich, P., and Balasubramanian, R.: Modelling the effect of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine phytoplankton in the Singapore Strait, Water Sci. Technol., 61, 859, doi:10.2166/wst.2010.357, 2010.
73. Vuorio, K., Lagus, A., Lehtimäki, J. M., Suomela, J., and Helminen, H.: Phytoplankton community responses to nutrient and iron enrichment under different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios in the northern Baltic Sea, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 322, 39-52, 2005.
74. Wong, G. T. F., Chung, S.-W., Shiah, F.-K., Chen, C.-C., Wen, L.-S., and Liu, K.-K.: Nitrate anomaly in the upper nutricline in the northern South China Sea - Evidence for nitrogen fixation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 2097-2100, 2002.
75. Worden, A. Z. and Binder, B. J.: Application of dilution experiments for measuring growth and mortality rates among Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus populations in oligotrophic environments, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 30, 159-174, 2003.
76. Wu, J., Chung, S.-W.,Wen, L.-S., Liu, K.-K., Chen, Y.-L. L., Chen, H.-Y., and Karl, D. M.: Dissolved inorganic phosphorus, dissolved iron, and Trichodesmium in the oligotrophic South China Sea, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1008-1020, 2003.
77. Zhai, W., Dai, M., Cai, W.-J., Wang, Y., and Hong, H.: The partial pressure of carbon dioxide and air-sea fluxes in the northern South China Sea in spring, summer and autumn, Mar. Chem., 96, 87-97, 2005.
78. Zhang, K. and Gao, H.: The characteristics of Asian-dust storms during 2000-2002: From the source to the sea, Atmos. Environ., 41, 9136-9145, 2007.
79. Zhang, J., Liu, S. M., Lu, X., and Huang, W. W.: Characterizing Asian wind-dust transport to the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Direct measurements of the dust flux for two years, Tellus, 45B, 335- 345, 1993.
80. Zhang, X., Zhuang, G., Guo, J., Yin, K., and Zhang, P.: Characterization of aerosol over the Northern South China Sea during two cruises in 2003, Atmos. Environ., 41, 7821-7836, 2007.
81. Zheng, M., Guo, Z., Fang, M., Rahn, K., and Kester, D.: Dry and wet deposition of elements in Hong Kong, Mar. Chem., 97, 124- 139, 2005.
82. Zubkov, M. V., Sleigh, M. A., Tarran, G. A., Burkill, P. H., and Leakey, R. J. G.: Picoplankton community structure on an Atlantic transect from 50oN to 50oS, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 45, 1339- 1355, 1998.
83. Zubkov, M. V., Burkill, P. H., and Topping, J. N.: Flow cytometric enumeration of DNA-stained oceanic planktonic protists, J. Plankton. Res., 29, 79-86, 2007.