메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 843-857

Climate warming and precipitation redistribution modify tree-grass interactions and tree species establishment in a warm-temperate savanna

Author keywords

Climate change; Competition; Plant growth; Precipitation patterns; Savanna; Tree grass dynamics

Indexed keywords

RAIN;

EID: 84873114997     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: 13652486     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12068     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (78)

References (91)
  • 1
    • 80051764042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive effects of elevated CO(2), warming, and drought on photosynthesis of Deschampsia flexuosa in a temperate heath ecosystem
    • Albert KR, Ro-Poulsen H, Mikkelsen TN, Michelsen A, van der Linden L, Beier C (2011) Interactive effects of elevated CO(2), warming, and drought on photosynthesis of Deschampsia flexuosa in a temperate heath ecosystem. Journal of Experimental Botany, 62, 4253-4266.
    • (2011) Journal of Experimental Botany , vol.62 , pp. 4253-4266
    • Albert, K.R.1    Ro-Poulsen, H.2    Mikkelsen, T.N.3    Michelsen, A.4    van der Linden, L.5    Beier, C.6
  • 2
    • 0042232493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal acclimation and the dynamic response of plant respiration to temperature
    • Atkin OK, Tjoelker MG (2003) Thermal acclimation and the dynamic response of plant respiration to temperature. Trends in Plant Science, 8, 343-351.
    • (2003) Trends in Plant Science , vol.8 , pp. 343-351
    • Atkin, O.K.1    Tjoelker, M.G.2
  • 3
    • 0042247225 scopus 로고
    • Water relations of Juniperus virginiana and Andropogon gerardii in an unburned tallgrass prairie watershed
    • Axmann BD, Knapp AK (1993) Water relations of Juniperus virginiana and Andropogon gerardii in an unburned tallgrass prairie watershed. Southwestern Naturalist, 38, 325-330.
    • (1993) Southwestern Naturalist , vol.38 , pp. 325-330
    • Axmann, B.D.1    Knapp, A.K.2
  • 6
    • 33645282267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The grassland-forest continuum: trends in ecosystem properties for woody plant mosaics?
    • Breshears DD (2006) The grassland-forest continuum: trends in ecosystem properties for woody plant mosaics? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4, 96-104.
    • (2006) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , vol.4 , pp. 96-104
    • Breshears, D.D.1
  • 8
    • 0001286155 scopus 로고
    • Effect of fire on tree spatial patterns in a tallgrass prairie landscape
    • Briggs JM, Gibson DJ (1992) Effect of fire on tree spatial patterns in a tallgrass prairie landscape. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 119, 300-307.
    • (1992) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.119 , pp. 300-307
    • Briggs, J.M.1    Gibson, D.J.2
  • 9
    • 18744413901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the rate, mechanisms, and consequences of the conversion of tallgrass prairie to Juniperus virginiana forest
    • Briggs JM, Hoch GA, Johnson LC (2002a) Assessing the rate, mechanisms, and consequences of the conversion of tallgrass prairie to Juniperus virginiana forest. Ecosystems, 5, 578-586.
    • (2002) Ecosystems , vol.5 , pp. 578-586
    • Briggs, J.M.1    Hoch, G.A.2    Johnson, L.C.3
  • 10
    • 0036244482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of woody plants in tallgrass prairie: a fifteen-year study of fire and fire-grazing interactions
    • Briggs JM, Knapp AK, Brock BL (2002b) Expansion of woody plants in tallgrass prairie: a fifteen-year study of fire and fire-grazing interactions. American Midland Naturalist, 147, 287-294.
    • (2002) American Midland Naturalist , vol.147 , pp. 287-294
    • Briggs, J.M.1    Knapp, A.K.2    Brock, B.L.3
  • 12
    • 0024872955 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent regulation of ramet populations within the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium - interclonal versus intraclonal interference
    • Briske DD, Butler JL (1989) Density-dependent regulation of ramet populations within the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium - interclonal versus intraclonal interference. Journal of Ecology, 77, 963-974.
    • (1989) Journal of Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 963-974
    • Briske, D.D.1    Butler, J.L.2
  • 13
    • 33745222058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-plant interactions and environmental change
    • Brooker RW (2006) Plant-plant interactions and environmental change. New Phytologist, 171, 271-284.
    • (2006) New Phytologist , vol.171 , pp. 271-284
    • Brooker, R.W.1
  • 14
    • 0032849312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub invasion of grassland: recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density
    • Brown JR, Archer S (1999) Shrub invasion of grassland: recruitment is continuous and not regulated by herbaceous biomass or density. Ecology, 80, 2385-2396.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 2385-2396
    • Brown, J.R.1    Archer, S.2
  • 15
    • 0024191781 scopus 로고
    • Population structure and tiller demography of the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium in response to herbivory
    • Butler JL, Briske DD (1988) Population structure and tiller demography of the bunchgrass Schizachyrium scoparium in response to herbivory. Oikos, 51, 306-312.
    • (1988) Oikos , vol.51 , pp. 306-312
    • Butler, J.L.1    Briske, D.D.2
  • 16
    • 0037369671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant traits on ecosystem and regional processes: a conceptual framework for predicting the consequences of global change
    • Chapin FS (2003) Effects of plant traits on ecosystem and regional processes: a conceptual framework for predicting the consequences of global change. Annals of Botany, 91, 455-463.
    • (2003) Annals of Botany , vol.91 , pp. 455-463
    • Chapin, F.S.1
  • 17
  • 18
    • 33744910330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belowground bud banks increase along a precipitation gradient of the North American Great Plains: a test of the meristem limitation hypothesis
    • Dalgleish HJ, Hartnett DC (2006) Belowground bud banks increase along a precipitation gradient of the North American Great Plains: a test of the meristem limitation hypothesis. New Phytologist, 171, 81-89.
    • (2006) New Phytologist , vol.171 , pp. 81-89
    • Dalgleish, H.J.1    Hartnett, D.C.2
  • 19
    • 38349096529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2], warming, and reduced precipitation interact to affect soil moisture and LAI in an old field ecosystem?
    • 2], warming, and reduced precipitation interact to affect soil moisture and LAI in an old field ecosystem? Plant and Soil, 301, 255-266.
    • (2007) Plant and Soil , vol.301 , pp. 255-266
    • Dermody, O.1    Weltzin, J.F.2    Engel, E.C.3    Allen, P.4    Norby, R.J.5
  • 20
    • 0032718914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does a tradeoff exist between morphological and physiological root plasticity? A comparison of grass growth forms
    • Derner JD, Briske DD (1999) Does a tradeoff exist between morphological and physiological root plasticity? A comparison of grass growth forms. Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology, 20, 519-526.
    • (1999) Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology , vol.20 , pp. 519-526
    • Derner, J.D.1    Briske, D.D.2
  • 21
    • 79955007778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought and fire suppression lead to rapid forest composition change in a forest-prairie ecotone
    • DeSantis RD, Hallgren SW, Stahle DW (2011) Drought and fire suppression lead to rapid forest composition change in a forest-prairie ecotone. Forest Ecology and Management, 261, 1833-1840.
    • (2011) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.261 , pp. 1833-1840
    • DeSantis, R.D.1    Hallgren, S.W.2    Stahle, D.W.3
  • 22
    • 0026015821 scopus 로고
    • Ecophysiological differences among juvenile and reproductive plants of several woody species
    • Donovan LA, Ehleringer JR (1991) Ecophysiological differences among juvenile and reproductive plants of several woody species. Oecologia, 86, 594-597.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 594-597
    • Donovan, L.A.1    Ehleringer, J.R.2
  • 23
    • 0032801880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition as an amplifier of short-term vegetation responses to climate: an experimental test
    • Dunnett NP, Grime JP (1999) Competition as an amplifier of short-term vegetation responses to climate: an experimental test. Functional Ecology, 13, 388-395.
    • (1999) Functional Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 388-395
    • Dunnett, N.P.1    Grime, J.P.2
  • 25
    • 80053623402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the limit to resistance in a drought-tolerant grassland: long-term severe drought significantly reduces the dominant species and increases ruderals
    • Evans SE, Byrne KM, Lauenroth WK, Burke IC (2011) Defining the limit to resistance in a drought-tolerant grassland: long-term severe drought significantly reduces the dominant species and increases ruderals. Journal of Ecology, 99, 1500-1507.
    • (2011) Journal of Ecology , vol.99 , pp. 1500-1507
    • Evans, S.E.1    Byrne, K.M.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3    Burke, I.C.4
  • 26
    • 0033912332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altering rainfall timing and quantity in a mesic grassland ecosystem: design and performance of rainfall manipulation shelters
    • Fay PA, Carlisle JD, Knapp AK, Blair JM, Collins SL (2000) Altering rainfall timing and quantity in a mesic grassland ecosystem: design and performance of rainfall manipulation shelters. Ecosystems, 3, 308-319.
    • (2000) Ecosystems , vol.3 , pp. 308-319
    • Fay, P.A.1    Carlisle, J.D.2    Knapp, A.K.3    Blair, J.M.4    Collins, S.L.5
  • 29
    • 0037218607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant respiration in productivity models: conceptualisation, representation and issues for global terrestrial carbon-cycle research
    • Gifford RM (2003) Plant respiration in productivity models: conceptualisation, representation and issues for global terrestrial carbon-cycle research. Functional Plant Biology, 30, 171-186.
    • (2003) Functional Plant Biology , vol.30 , pp. 171-186
    • Gifford, R.M.1
  • 31
    • 0033967205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to simulated climatic warming in northern and southern populations of Acer saccharum: laboratory and field evidence
    • Gunderson CA, Norby RJ, Wullschleger SD (2000) Acclimation of photosynthesis and respiration to simulated climatic warming in northern and southern populations of Acer saccharum: laboratory and field evidence. Tree Physiology, 20, 87-96.
    • (2000) Tree Physiology , vol.20 , pp. 87-96
    • Gunderson, C.A.1    Norby, R.J.2    Wullschleger, S.D.3
  • 32
    • 77955082577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest responses to a warming climate
    • Gunderson CA, O'Hara KH, Campion CM, Walker AV, Edwards NT (2010) Thermal plasticity of photosynthesis: the role of acclimation in forest responses to a warming climate. Global Change Biology, 16, 2272-2286.
    • (2010) Global Change Biology , vol.16 , pp. 2272-2286
    • Gunderson, C.A.1    O'Hara, K.H.2    Campion, C.M.3    Walker, A.V.4    Edwards, N.T.5
  • 33
    • 0028977486 scopus 로고
    • Shifting dominance within a montane vegetation community - results of a climate warming experiment
    • Harte J, Shaw R (1995) Shifting dominance within a montane vegetation community - results of a climate warming experiment. Science, 267, 876-880.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 876-880
    • Harte, J.1    Shaw, R.2
  • 34
    • 21444460772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential drought responses between saplings and adult trees in four co-occurring species of New England
    • He JS, Zhang QB, Bazzaz FA (2005) Differential drought responses between saplings and adult trees in four co-occurring species of New England. Trees-Structure and Function, 19, 442-450.
    • (2005) Trees-Structure and Function , vol.19 , pp. 442-450
    • He, J.S.1    Zhang, Q.B.2    Bazzaz, F.A.3
  • 35
    • 53549123562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing precipitation event size increases aboveground net primary productivity in a semi-arid grassland
    • Heisler-White JL, Knapp AK, Kelly EF (2008) Increasing precipitation event size increases aboveground net primary productivity in a semi-arid grassland. Oecologia, 158, 129-140.
    • (2008) Oecologia , vol.158 , pp. 129-140
    • Heisler-White, J.L.1    Knapp, A.K.2    Kelly, E.F.3
  • 36
    • 0030614112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axillary bud banks of two semiarid perennial grasses: occurrence, longevity, and contribution to population persistance
    • Hendrickson JR, Briske DD (1997) Axillary bud banks of two semiarid perennial grasses: occurrence, longevity, and contribution to population persistance. Oecologia, 110, 584-591.
    • (1997) Oecologia , vol.110 , pp. 584-591
    • Hendrickson, J.R.1    Briske, D.D.2
  • 37
    • 84864718227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 forces abrupt vegetation shifts locally, but not globally
    • 2 forces abrupt vegetation shifts locally, but not globally. Nature, 488, 209-212.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.488 , pp. 209-212
    • Higgins, S.I.1    Scheiter, S.2
  • 38
    • 84859504684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to warming and precipitation
    • Hoeppner SS, Dukes JS (2012) Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to warming and precipitation. Global Change Biology, 18, 1754-1768.
    • (2012) Global Change Biology , vol.18 , pp. 1754-1768
    • Hoeppner, S.S.1    Dukes, J.S.2
  • 39
    • 51249110572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of warming on soil water potential controls seedling mortality in perennial but not annual species in a temperate grassland
    • Hovenden MJ, Newton PCD, Wills KE, Janes JK, Williams AL, Vander Schoor JK, Nolan MJ (2008) Influence of warming on soil water potential controls seedling mortality in perennial but not annual species in a temperate grassland. New Phytologist, 180, 143-152.
    • (2008) New Phytologist , vol.180 , pp. 143-152
    • Hovenden, M.J.1    Newton, P.C.D.2    Wills, K.E.3    Janes, J.K.4    Williams, A.L.5    Vander Schoor, J.K.6    Nolan, M.J.7
  • 40
    • 0036117061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evapotranspiration and soil water content in a scrub-oak woodland under carbon dioxide enrichment
    • Hungate BA, Reichstein M, Dijkstra P et al. (2002) Evapotranspiration and soil water content in a scrub-oak woodland under carbon dioxide enrichment. Global Change Biology, 8, 289-298.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 289-298
    • Hungate, B.A.1    Reichstein, M.2    Dijkstra, P.3
  • 43
    • 79958816476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrupt environmental changes drive shifts in tree-grass interaction outcomes
    • Jeffers ES, Bonsall MB, Brooks SJ, Willis KJ (2011) Abrupt environmental changes drive shifts in tree-grass interaction outcomes. Journal of Ecology, 99, 1063-1070.
    • (2011) Journal of Ecology , vol.99 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Jeffers, E.S.1    Bonsall, M.B.2    Brooks, S.J.3    Willis, K.J.4
  • 45
    • 0042816300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woody plant establishment and spatial heterogeneity in grasslands
    • Jurena PN, Archer S (2003) Woody plant establishment and spatial heterogeneity in grasslands. Ecology, 84, 907-919.
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 907-919
    • Jurena, P.N.1    Archer, S.2
  • 46
    • 77954167215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 as a driver of past and current changes in savanna tree cover
    • 2 as a driver of past and current changes in savanna tree cover. Austral Ecology, 35, 451-463.
    • (2010) Austral Ecology , vol.35 , pp. 451-463
    • Kgope, B.S.1    Bond, W.J.2    Midgley, G.F.3
  • 47
    • 33645362075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming
    • Kimball BA (2005) Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming. Global Change Biology, 11, 2041-2056.
    • (2005) Global Change Biology , vol.11 , pp. 2041-2056
    • Kimball, B.A.1
  • 48
    • 0035910492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production
    • Knapp AK, Smith MD (2002) Variation among biomes in temporal dynamics of aboveground primary production. Science, 291, 481-484.
    • (2002) Science , vol.291 , pp. 481-484
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Smith, M.D.2
  • 49
    • 0037073835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall variability, carbon cycling, and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland
    • Knapp AK, Fay PA, Blair JM et al. (2002) Rainfall variability, carbon cycling, and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland. Science, 298, 2202-2205.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 2202-2205
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Fay, P.A.2    Blair, J.M.3
  • 50
    • 48949101692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consequences of more extreme precipitation regimes for terrestrial ecosystems
    • Knapp AK, Beier C, Briske DD et al. (2008a) Consequences of more extreme precipitation regimes for terrestrial ecosystems. BioScience, 58, 811-821.
    • (2008) BioScience , vol.58 , pp. 811-821
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Beier, C.2    Briske, D.D.3
  • 51
    • 38949161850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs
    • Knapp AK, Briggs JM, Collins SL et al. (2008b) Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs. Global Change Biology, 14, 615-623.
    • (2008) Global Change Biology , vol.14 , pp. 615-623
    • Knapp, A.K.1    Briggs, J.M.2    Collins, S.L.3
  • 53
    • 14744267556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting growth changes in two dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental drought and warming
    • Llorens L, Penuelas J, Estiarte M, Bruna P (2004) Contrasting growth changes in two dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental drought and warming. Annals of Botany, 94, 843-853.
    • (2004) Annals of Botany , vol.94 , pp. 843-853
    • Llorens, L.1    Penuelas, J.2    Estiarte, M.3    Bruna, P.4
  • 55
    • 0022823694 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon-dioxide and summer soil wetness - response
    • Manabe S, Wetherald RT (1986) Atmospheric carbon-dioxide and summer soil wetness - response. Science, 234, 626-628.
    • (1986) Science , vol.234 , pp. 626-628
    • Manabe, S.1    Wetherald, R.T.2
  • 56
    • 43449128081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought?
    • McDowell N, Pockman WT, Allen CD et al. (2008) Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytologist, 178, 719-739.
    • (2008) New Phytologist , vol.178 , pp. 719-739
    • McDowell, N.1    Pockman, W.T.2    Allen, C.D.3
  • 60
    • 0002937640 scopus 로고
    • Response of gas exchange to water stress in seedlings of woody angiosperms
    • Ni BR, Pallardy SG (1991) Response of gas exchange to water stress in seedlings of woody angiosperms. Tree Physiology, 8, 1-9.
    • (1991) Tree Physiology , vol.8 , pp. 1-9
    • Ni, B.R.1    Pallardy, S.G.2
  • 61
    • 33745011338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-annual rainfall variability and grassland productivity: can the past predict the future?
    • Nippert JB, Knapp AK, Briggs JM (2006) Intra-annual rainfall variability and grassland productivity: can the past predict the future? Plant Ecology, 184, 65-74.
    • (2006) Plant Ecology , vol.184 , pp. 65-74
    • Nippert, J.B.1    Knapp, A.K.2    Briggs, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 0000361586 scopus 로고
    • Morphological adaptations to drought in seedlings of deciduous angiosperms
    • Pallardy SG, Rhoads JL (1993) Morphological adaptations to drought in seedlings of deciduous angiosperms. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 1766-1774.
    • (1993) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.23 , pp. 1766-1774
    • Pallardy, S.G.1    Rhoads, J.L.2
  • 67
    • 0034969048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire in oak savanna: fire frequency effects on stand structure and dynamics
    • Peterson DW, Reich PB (2001) Prescribed fire in oak savanna: fire frequency effects on stand structure and dynamics. Ecological Applications, 11, 914-927.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 914-927
    • Peterson, D.W.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 69
    • 0001017274 scopus 로고
    • Testing differences in relative growth-rate - a method avoiding curve fitting and pairing
    • Poorter H, Lewis C (1986) Testing differences in relative growth-rate - a method avoiding curve fitting and pairing. Physiologia Plantarum, 67, 223-226.
    • (1986) Physiologia Plantarum , vol.67 , pp. 223-226
    • Poorter, H.1    Lewis, C.2
  • 70
    • 0037311774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2: on winners, losers and functional groups
    • 2: on winners, losers and functional groups. New Phytologist, 157, 175-198.
    • (2003) New Phytologist , vol.157 , pp. 175-198
    • Poorter, H.1    Navas, M.L.2
  • 71
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3
    • Pope VD, Gallani ML, Rowntree PR, Stratton RA (2000) The impact of new physical parametrizations in the Hadley Centre climate model: HadAM3. Climate Dynamics, 16, 123-146.
    • (2000) Climate Dynamics , vol.16 , pp. 123-146
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 74
    • 0012539303 scopus 로고
    • Hardwood-redcedar clusters in the post oak savanna of Texas
    • Rykiel EJ, Cook TL (1986) Hardwood-redcedar clusters in the post oak savanna of Texas. Southwestern Naturalist, 31, 73-78.
    • (1986) Southwestern Naturalist , vol.31 , pp. 73-78
    • Rykiel, E.J.1    Cook, T.L.2
  • 75
    • 34547408295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The temperature response of C3 and C4 photosynthesis
    • Sage RF, Kubien DS (2007) The temperature response of C3 and C4 photosynthesis. Plant Cell and Environment, 30, 1086-1106.
    • (2007) Plant Cell and Environment , vol.30 , pp. 1086-1106
    • Sage, R.F.1    Kubien, D.S.2
  • 76
    • 28644450403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of woody cover in African savannas
    • Sankaran M, Hanan NP, Scholes RJ et al. (2005) Determinants of woody cover in African savannas. Nature, 438, 846-849.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.438 , pp. 846-849
    • Sankaran, M.1    Hanan, N.P.2    Scholes, R.J.3
  • 79
    • 25144511022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking leaf and root trait syndromes among 39 grassland and savannah species
    • Tjoelker MG, Craine JM, Wedin D, Reich PB, Tilman D (2005) Linking leaf and root trait syndromes among 39 grassland and savannah species. New Phytologist, 167, 493-508.
    • (2005) New Phytologist , vol.167 , pp. 493-508
    • Tjoelker, M.G.1    Craine, J.M.2    Wedin, D.3    Reich, P.B.4    Tilman, D.5
  • 81
    • 0034503117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands
    • Van Auken OW (2000) Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31, 197-215.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , vol.31 , pp. 197-215
    • Van Auken, O.W.1
  • 82
    • 78349299054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting physiological responsiveness of establishing trees and a C4 grass to rainfall events, intensified summer drought, and warming in oak savanna
    • Volder A, Tjoelker MG, Briske DD (2010) Contrasting physiological responsiveness of establishing trees and a C4 grass to rainfall events, intensified summer drought, and warming in oak savanna. Global Change Biology, 16, 3349-3362.
    • (2010) Global Change Biology , vol.16 , pp. 3349-3362
    • Volder, A.1    Tjoelker, M.G.2    Briske, D.D.3
  • 83
    • 0036329903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in microclimate induced by experimental warming and clipping in tallgrass prairie
    • Wan S, Luo Y, Wallace LL (2002) Changes in microclimate induced by experimental warming and clipping in tallgrass prairie. Global Change Biology, 8, 754-768.
    • (2002) Global Change Biology , vol.8 , pp. 754-768
    • Wan, S.1    Luo, Y.2    Wallace, L.L.3
  • 84
    • 0001200106 scopus 로고
    • Woody vegetation of the dry, sandy uplands of eastern Texas
    • Ward JR, Nixon ES (1992) Woody vegetation of the dry, sandy uplands of eastern Texas. Texas Journal of Science, 44, 283-294.
    • (1992) Texas Journal of Science , vol.44 , pp. 283-294
    • Ward, J.R.1    Nixon, E.S.2
  • 85
    • 0026540189 scopus 로고
    • Clonal biology of the temperate, caespitose, graminoid Schizachyrium scoparium - a synthesis with reference to climate change
    • Welker JM, Briske DD (1992) Clonal biology of the temperate, caespitose, graminoid Schizachyrium scoparium - a synthesis with reference to climate change. Oikos, 63, 357-365.
    • (1992) Oikos , vol.63 , pp. 357-365
    • Welker, J.M.1    Briske, D.D.2
  • 86
    • 0033910969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of precipitation redistribution for shifts in temperate savanna ecotones
    • Weltzin JF, McPherson GR (2000) Implications of precipitation redistribution for shifts in temperate savanna ecotones. Ecology, 81, 1902-1913.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 1902-1913
    • Weltzin, J.F.1    McPherson, G.R.2
  • 87
    • 33747586378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity
    • Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW (2006) Warming and earlier spring increase western US forest wildfire activity. Science, 313, 940-943.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 940-943
    • Westerling, A.L.1    Hidalgo, H.G.2    Cayan, D.R.3    Swetnam, T.W.4
  • 88
    • 0000439501 scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of summer dryness induced by greenhouse warming
    • Wetherald RT, Manabe S (1995) The mechanisms of summer dryness induced by greenhouse warming. Journal of Climate, 8, 3096-3108.
    • (1995) Journal of Climate , vol.8 , pp. 3096-3108
    • Wetherald, R.T.1    Manabe, S.2
  • 89
    • 33646121755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation structure constrains primary production response to water availability in the Patagonian steppe
    • Yahdjian L, Sala OE (2006) Vegetation structure constrains primary production response to water availability in the Patagonian steppe. Ecology, 87, 952-962.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 952-962
    • Yahdjian, L.1    Sala, O.E.2
  • 90
    • 3242667702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data
    • Zhang XY, Friedl MA, Schaaf CB, Strahler AH (2004) Climate controls on vegetation phenological patterns in northern mid- and high latitudes inferred from MODIS data. Global Change Biology, 10, 1133-1145.
    • (2004) Global Change Biology , vol.10 , pp. 1133-1145
    • Zhang, X.Y.1    Friedl, M.A.2    Schaaf, C.B.3    Strahler, A.H.4
  • 91
    • 49649088652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment filters in a perennial grassland: the interactive roles of fire, competitors, moisture and seed availability
    • Zimmermann J, Higgins SI, Grimm V, Hoffmann J, Münkemüller T, Linstädter A (2008) Recruitment filters in a perennial grassland: the interactive roles of fire, competitors, moisture and seed availability. Journal of Ecology, 96, 1033-1044.
    • (2008) Journal of Ecology , vol.96 , pp. 1033-1044
    • Zimmermann, J.1    Higgins, S.I.2    Grimm, V.3    Hoffmann, J.4    Münkemüller, T.5    Linstädter, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.