Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 81, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 417-425

  Easterling, David R ^a,e   Evans, J L ^b   Groisman, P Ya ^a   Karl, T R ^a   Kunkel, K E ^c   Ambenje, P ^d  

^a NOAA NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c ILLINOIS STATE WATER SURVEY   (United States)

^d KENYA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT   (Kenya)

^e OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001597306     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0477(2000)081<0417:OVATIE>2.3.CO;2     Document Type: Short Survey

References (42)

1. Akinremi, O. O., S. M. McGinn, and H. W. Cutforth, 1999: Precipitation trends on the Canadian prairies. J. Climate, 12, 2996-3003.
2. Chan, J., and J.-E. Shi, 1996: Long-term trends and interannual variability in tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2765-2768.
3. Changnon, S. A., K. E. Kunkel, and B. C. Reinke, 1996: Impacts and responses to the 1995 wave: A call to action. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1497-1506.
4. Cooter, E., and S. LeDuc, 1995: Recent frost date trends in the northeastern United States. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 65-75.
5. Dai, A., K. E. Trenberth, and T. R. Karl, 1998: Global variations in droughts and wet spells. Geophys. Res Lett., 25, 3367-3370.
6. DeGaetano, A., 1996: Recent trends in maximum and minimum temperature threshold exceedences in the northeastern United States. J. Climate, 9, 1646-1657.
7. Easterling, D. R., and Coauthors, 1997: Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe. Science, 277, 364-367.
8. _, H. F. Diaz, A. V. Douglas, W. D. Hogg, K. E. Kunkel, J. C. Rogers, and J. F. Wilkinson, 1999: Long-term observations for monitoring extremes in the Americas. Climatic Change, 42, 285-308.
9. Evans, J. L., and R. E. Hart, 1999: A climatology of extratropical transition in the Atlantic Ocean. Preprints, 23d Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor Soc., 803-806.
10. Gaffen, D., and R. Ross, 1998: Increased summertime heat stress in the U.S. Nature, 396, 529-530.
11. Georgievsky, V. Yu., A. V. Ezhov, A. L., Shalygin, I. A. Shiklomanov, and A. I. Shiklomanov, 1996: Evaluation of possible climate change impact on hydrological reigme and water resources of the former USSR rivers. Russian Meteor. Hydrol., November, 89-99.
12. Gray, W. M., J. D. Scheaffer, and C. W. Landsea, 1997: Hurricane: Climate and Socioeconomic Impacts, H. F. Diaz and R. S. Pulwarty, Eds., Springer, 15-53.
13. Groisman, P. Ya., and Coauthors, 1999: Changes in the probability of heavy precipitation: Important indicators of climatic change. Climatic Change, 42, 243-283.
14. Heino, R., and Coauthors, 1999: Progress in the study of climate extremes in northern and central Europe. Climatic Change, 42, 151-181.
15. Iwashima, T., and R. Yamamoto, 1993: A statistical analysis of the extreme events: Long-term trend of heavy daily precipitation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 637-640.
16. Karl, T. R., and R. W. Knight, 1998: Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 1107-1119.
17. _, and D. R. Easterling, 1999: Climate extremes: Selected review and future research directions. Climatic Change, 42, 309-325.
18. _, and Coauthors, 1991: Global warming: Evidence for asymmetric diurnal temperature change. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 2253-2258.
19. _, R. W. Knight, D. R. Easterling, and R. G. Quayle, 1996: Indices of climate change for the United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 279-291.
20. Kunkel, K. E., S. A. Changnon, B. C. Reinke, and R. W. Arritt, 1996: The 1995 heat wave in the Midwest: A climatic perspective and critical weather factors. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1507-1518.
21. _, K. Andsager, and D. R. Easterling, 1999a: Long-term trends in extreme precipitation events over the conterminous United States. J. Climate, 12, 2515-2527.
22. _, R. A. Pielke Jr., and S. A. Changnon, 1999b: Temporal fluctuations in weather and climate extremes that cause economic and human health impacts: A review. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 1077-1098.
23. Landsea, C. W., 1993: A climatology of intense (or major) Atlantic hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1703-1713.
24. _, N. Nicholls, W. M. Gray, and L. A. Avila, 1996: Downward trends in the frequency of intense Atlantic hurricanes during the past five decades. Geophys Res. Lett., 23, 1697-1700.
25. _, R. A. Pielke Jr., A. M. Mestas-Nunez and J. A. Knaff, 1999: Atlantic basin hurricanes: Indices of climatic changes. Climatic Change, 42, 89-129.
26. Mearns, L. O., R. W. Katz, and S. H. Schneider, 1984: Extreme high-temperature events: Changes in their probabilities with changes in mean temperature. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 23, 1601-1613.
27. Nicholls, N. N., and Coauthors, 1996: Observed climate variability and change. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, J. T. Houghton et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 135-192.
28. _, C. Landsea, and J. Gill, 1998: Recent trends in Australian regional tropical cyclone activity. Meteor Atmos. Phys., 65, 197-205.
29. Osborn, T. J., M. Hulme, P. D. Jones, and T. A. Basnett, 1999: Observed trends in the daily intensity of United Kingdom precipitation. Int. J. Climatol., in press.
30. Pielke, R., Jr., and C. Landsea, 1998: Normalized Atlantic hurricane damage: 1925-1995. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 621-631.
31. Plummer, N., and Coauthors, 1999: Changes in climate extremes over the Australian region and New Zealand during the twentieth century. Climatic Change, 42, 183-202.
32. Ross, R. J., and W. P. Elliot, 1996: Tropospheric water vapor climatology and trends over North America. J. Climate, 9, 3561-3574.
33. Sun, B., and P. Ya. Groisman, 1999: Cloudiness variations over the former Soviet Union. Int. J. Climatol., in press.
34. Suppiah, R., and K. Hennessy, 1998: Trends in seasonal rainfall, heavy rain-days, and number of dry days in Australia 1910-1990. Int. J. Climatol., 18, 1141-1155.
35. Szinell, C., A. Bussay, and T. Szentimrey, 1998: Drought tendencies in Hungary. Int. J. Climatol., 18, 1479-1492.
36. Tarhule, S., and M. Woo, 1998: Changes in rainfall characteristics in northern Nigeria. Int. J. Climatol., 18, 1261-1272.
37. Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change. Climatic Change, 42, 327-339.
38. Ungar, S., 1999: Is strange weather in the air? A study of U.S. national network news coverage of extreme weather events. Climatic Change, 41, 133-150.
39. Woodhouse, C., and J. Overpeck, 1998: 2000 years of drought variability in the central United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2693-2714.
40. Ye, X., and Coauthors, 1996: Study on Patterns and Causes of Drought and Flood in the Yangtzhe and Yellow River Valleys. Shangdon Science and Technology Press, 387 pp.
41. Zhai, P. M., and R. E. Eskridge, 1997: Atmospheric water vapor over China. J. Climate, 10, 2643-2652.
42. _, A. Sun, F. Ren, X. Liu, B. Gao, and Q. Zhang, 1999: Changes of climate extremes in China. Climatic Change, 42, 203-218.