Clinical utility of Reliable Digit Span in assessing effort in children and adolescents with epilepsy

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

Volumn 27, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 735-741

  Welsh, Antoinette J ^a   Bender, H Allison ^b   Whitman, Lindsay A ^c   Vasserman, Marsha ^d   MacAllister, William S ^c  

^a SETON HALL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Assessment; Childhood neurologic disorders; Epilepsy; Malingering symptom validity testing

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872929720     PISSN: 08876177     EISSN: 18735843     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acs063     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Allen, L. M. III, Conder, R. L., Green, P., & Cox, D. R. (1997). CARB '97: Manual for the Computerized Assessment of Response Bias. Durham, NC: CogniSyst.
2. Babikian, T., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., & Arnold, G. (2006). Sensitivity and specificity of various digit span scores in the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 20, 145-159. (Pubitemid 43062357)
3. Blaskewitz, N., Merten, T., & Kathmann, N. (2008). Performance of children on symptom validity tests: TOMM, MSVT, and FIT. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 23, 379-391.
4. Boone, K. B. (2009). The need for continuous and comprehensive sampling of effort/response bias during neuropsychological examinations. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 729-741.
5. Brockhaus, R., & Merten, T. (2004). Neuropsychologische diagnostik suboptimalen: Leistungverhaltens mit demWord Memory Test [in German]. Nervenarzt, 75, 882-887. (Pubitemid 39312513)
6. Brooks, B. L., Sherman, E. M. S., & Krol, A. L. (2012). Utility of TOMM Trial1 as an indicator of effort in children and adolescents. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 23-29.
7. Bush, S. S., Ruff, R. M., Troster, A. I., Barth, J. T., Koffler, S. P., Pliskin, N. H., et al. (2005). Symptom validity assessment: Practice issues and medical necessity NAN policy & planning committee. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 419-426. (Pubitemid 40719546)
8. Carone, D. A. (2009). Test review of the medical symptom validity test. Applied Neuropsychology, 16, 309-311.
9. Chafetz, M. D., Prentkowki, E. P., & Rao, A. (2011). To work or not to work: Motivation (not low IQ) determines symptom validity test findings. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26, 306-313.
10. Constantinou, M., & McCaffrey, R. J. (2003). Using the TOMM for evaluating children's effort to perform optimally on neuropsychological measures. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 81-90. (Pubitemid 36819695)
11. Dean, A. C., Victor, T. L., Boone, K. B., & Arnold, G. (2008). The relationship of IQ to effort test performance. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 22, 705-722. (Pubitemid 351931881)
12. Donders, J. (2005). Performance on the Test of Memory Malingering in a mixed pediatric sample. Child Neuropsychology, 11, 221-227. (Pubitemid 40677046)
13. Faust, D., Hart, K. J., & Guilmette, T. J. (1988). Pediatric malingering: The capacity of children to fake believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 578-582.
14. Gill, D., Green, P., Flaro, L., & Pucci, T. (2007). The role of effort testing in independent medical examinations. Medico-Legal Journal, 75 (Pt 2), 64-71.
15. Green, P. (2004). Green's Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) for Microsoft Windows (user manual). Edmonton, Canada: Green's Publishing.
16. Green, P., Allen, L. M., & Astner, K. (1996). The Word Memory Test: A user's guide to the oral and computer administered forms, US Version 1.1. Durham, NC: CogniSyst.
17. Green, P., & Flaro, L. (2003). Word memory test performance in children. Child Neuropsychology, 9, 189-207. (Pubitemid 37271874)
18. Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesia measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218-224. (Pubitemid 24309288)
19. Hall, H. V., & Pritchard, D. A. (1996). Detecting malingering and deception (pp. 3-24). Delrey Beach, FL: St. Lucie Press.
20. Heilbronner, R. L., Sweet, J. J., Morgan, J. E., Larrabee, G. J., & Millis, S. R. (2009). American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology consensus conference statement on the neuropsychological assessment of effort, response, bias, and malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1093-1129.
21. Heubrock, D. (2001). Münchhausen by proxy syndrome in clinical child neuropsychology: A case presenting with neuropsychological symptoms. Child Neuropsychology, 7 (4), 273.
22. Hurley, K. E., & Deal, P. (2006). Assessment instruments measuring malingering used with individuals who may have mental retardation: Potential problems and issues. Mental Retardation, 44, 112-119. (Pubitemid 43515955)
23. Kennedy, C., Shaver, S., Weinborn, M., Manley, J., Broshek, D., & Marcopulos, B. (2005). Use of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in Individuals with FSIQ below 70. Poster session presented at the 25th annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Tampa, FL.
24. Kirkwood, M. W., Hargrave, D. D., & Kirk, J. W. (2011). The value of the WISC-IV Digit Span subtest in detecting noncredible performance during pediatric neuropsychological examinations. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 377-384.
25. Kirkwood, M.W., & Kirk, J.W. (2010). The base rate of suboptimal effort in a pediatric mild TBI sample: Performance on the Medical Symptom Validity Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 24, 860-872.
26. Lee, G. P., Loring, D. W., & Martin, R. C. (1992). Rey's 15-iten visual memory test for the detection of malingering: Normative observations on patients with neurological disorders. Psychological Assessment, 4, 43-46.
27. MacAllister, W. S., Nakhutina, L., Bender, H. A., Karantzoulis, S., & Carlson, C. (2009). Assessing effort during neuropsychological evaluation with the TOMM in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Child Neuropsychology, 15, 521-531.
28. Marshall, P., & Happe, M. (2007). The performance of individuals with mental retardation on cognitive tests assessing effort and motivation. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21, 826-840. (Pubitemid 47230607)
29. Meyers, J. E., & Volbrecht, M. (1998). Validation of Reliable Digits for detection of malingering. Assessment, 5, 303-307. (Pubitemid 128457945)
30. Newton, P., Reddy, V., & Bull, R. (2000). Children's everyday deception and performance on false-belief tasks. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18, 297-319.
31. Oldershaw, L., & Bagby, R. M. (1997). Children and deception. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (2nd ed., pp. 153-166). New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
32. Polak, A., & Harris, P. L. (1999). Deception by young children following noncompliance. Developmental Psychology, 35, 561-568.
33. Power, R. P., & Stoppard, J. M. (1973). Simulation of stable and neurotic personalities on the J.E.P.I by secondary school boys. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 2, 9-17.
34. Raven, J. C. (1960). Guide to the standard progressive matrices. London: HK Lewis.
35. Reznek, L. (2005). The Rey 15-item memory test for malingering: A meta-analysis. Brain Injury, 19, 539-543. (Pubitemid 40852603)
36. Richman, J., Green, P., Gervais, R., Flaro, L., Merten, T., Brockhaus, R., et al. (2006). Objective tests of symptom exaggeration in independent medical examinations. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48, 303-311.
37. Rienstra, A., Spaan, P. E. J., & Schmand, B. (2010). Validation of symptom validity tests using a "Child-model" of adult cognitive impairments. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25, 371-382.
38. Shandera, A. L., Berry, D. T. R., Clark, J. A., Schipper, L. J., Graue, L. O., & Harp, J. P. (2010). Detection of malingered mental retardation. Psychological Assessment, 22, 50-56.
39. Singhal, A., Green, P., Ashaye, K., Shankar, K., & Gill, D. (2009). High specificity of the Medical Symptom Validity Test in patients with very severe memory impairment. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 721-728.
40. Stouthamber-Loeber, M., & Loeber, R. (1986). Boys who lie. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 551-564. (Pubitemid 17200811)
41. Tombaugh, T. N. (1996). Test of Memory Malingering. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
42. Wechsler, D. (1997). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
43. Wechsler, D. (1999). The Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. San Antonio, TX The Psychological Corporation.
44. Wechsler, D. (2003). The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation