The performance of individuals with mental retardation on cognitive tests assessing effort and motivation

Clinical Neuropsychologist

Volumn 21, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 826-840

  Marshall, Paul ^a   Happe, Maggie ^a  

^a HENNEPIN COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; FORCED CHOICE METHOD; HUMAN; LEARNING TEST; LINGUISTICS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MENTAL TEST; MOTIVATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; RECOGNITION; SCORING SYSTEM; WECHSLER MEMORY SCALE;

ATTITUDE; COGNITION DISORDERS; HUMANS; MENTAL RETARDATION; MOTIVATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 34547750490     PISSN: 13854046     EISSN: 17444144     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13854040600801001     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Arnold, G., Boone, K. B., Lu, P., Dean, A., Wen, J., Nitch, S. et al. (2005). Sensitivity and specificity of finger tapping test scores for the detection of suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 19, 105-120.
2. Barrash, J., Suhr, J., & Manzel, K. (2004). Detecting poor effort and malingering with an expanded version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLTX): Validation with clinical samples. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 125-140.
3. Binder, L. (1993). Assessment of malingering after mild head trauma with the Portland Digit Recognition Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 170-182.
4. Boller, F., & Vignolo, L. A. (1966). Latent sensory aphasia in hemisphere damaged patients: An experimental study with the Token Test. Brain, 89, 815-831.
5. Bolter, J., Picano, J., & Zych, K. (1985, October). Item error frequencies on the Halstead Category Test: An index of performance validity. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Philadelphia, PA.
6. Boone, K., Lu, P., Back, C., King, C., Lee, A., Philpott, L. et al. (2002a). Sensitivity and specificity of the Rey Dot Counting Test in patients with suspect effort and various clinical samples. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17, 625-642.
7. Boone, K., Lu, P., & Herzberg, D. S. (2002b). The Dot Counting Test. Los Angeles, CA:Western Psychological Services.
8. Boone, K., Lu, P., & Herzberg, D. S. (2002c). The b Test. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
9. Boone, K., Lu, P., Sherman, D., Palmer, B., Back, C., Shamieh, E. et al. (2000). Validation of a new technique to detect malingering of cognitive symptoms: The b Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15, 227-241.
10. Boone, K. B., Salazar, X., Lu, P., Warner-Chacon, K., & Razani, J. (2002d). The Rey 15-Item Recognition Trial: A technique to enhance sensitivity of the Rey 15-Item Memorization Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 561-573.
11. Brockhaus, R., & Merten, T. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment of suboptimal performance: The Word Memory Test. Nervenarzt, 75, 882-887.
12. Delis, D., Kaplan, E., & Kramer, J. (2001). Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
13. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (2000). California Verbal Learning Test (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Assessment Company.
14. Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (1981). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
15. Frederick, R. (1997). Validity Indicator Profile Manual. Minnetonka, MN: NCS Assessments.
16. Goldberg, J. O., & Miller, H. R. (1986). Performance of psychiatric inpatients and intellectually deficient individuals on a task that assesses the validity of memory complaints. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4, 792-795.
17. Green, P. (2003). Green's Word Memory Test for Windows User's Manual. Seattle, WA: Green's Publishing Inc.
18. Green, P., Iverson, G., & Allen, L. (1999). Detecting malingering in head injury litigation with the Word Memory Test. Brain Injury, 13, 813-819.
19. Greiffenstein, M. F., Baker, W. J., & Gola, T. (1994). Validation of malingered amnesic measures with a large clinical sample. Psychological Assessment, 6, 218-224.
20. Greiffenstein, M. F., Gola, T., & Baker, W. J. (1995). MMPI-2 validity scales versus domain specific measures in detection of factitious traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 230-240.
21. Greve, K., & Bianchini, K. (2002). Using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to detect malingering. An analysis of the specificity of two methods in nonmalingering normal and patient samples. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 48-54.
22. Griffin, G. A., Normington, J., & Glassmire, D. (1996). Qualitative dimensions in scoring the Rey Visual Memory Test of malingering. Psychological Assessment, 8, 383-387.
23. Hayes, J. S., Hale, D. B., & Gouvier, W. D. (1998). Malingering detection in a mentally retarded forensic population. Applied Neuropsychology, 5, 33-36.
24. Hurley, K. E., & Deal, W. P. (2006). Assessment instruments measuring malingering used with individuals who have mental retardation: Potential problems and issues. Mental Retardation, 44, 112-119.
25. Iverson, G. L., & Franzen, M. D. (1994). The Recognition Memory Test, Digit Span, and Knox Cube Test as markers of malingered memory impairment. Assessment, 1, 323-334.
26. Kennedy, C., Shaver, G., Weinborn, M., Manley, J., Broshek, D., & Marcopulos, B. (2005). Use of the test of memory malingering (TOMM) in individuals with FSIQ below 70. Poster presented at the National Academy of Neuropsychology Conference, Tampa Bay, Florida.
27. Killgore, W. D., & DellaPietra, L. (2000). Using the WMS-III to detect malingering: Empirical validation of the Rarely Missed Index. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22, 761-771.
28. Larrabee, G. (2005). A scientific approach to forensic neuropsychology. In G. J. Larrabee (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach (pp. 3-28). New York: Oxford University Press.
29. Lewis, R., & Kupke, T. (1977). The Lafayette Clinic Repeatable Neuropsychological Test Battery: Its development and research applications. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South-eastern Psychological Association, Hollywood, Florida.
30. Lewis, R. F., & Rennick, P. M. (1979). Manual for the Repeatable Cognitive-Perceptual-Motor Battery. Clinton Township, MI: Ronald F. Lewis.
31. Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Lu, P. H., Boone, K. B., Cozolino, L., & Mitchell, C. (2003). Effectiveness of the Rey Osterrith Complex Figure Test and the Meyers and Meyers Recognition Trial in the detection of suspect effort. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 426-440.
33. Maj, M., D'Elia, L., Satz, P., Janssen, R., Zaudig,M., Uchiyama, C. et al. (1993). Evaluation of two new neuropsychological tests designed to minimize cultural bias in the assessment of HIV-1 seropositive persons: A WHO study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 123-135.
34. Mathias, C. W., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., Houston, R. J., & Crouch, J. A. (2002). Detecting malingered neurocognitive dysfunction using the Reliable Digit Span in traumatic brain injury. Assessment, 9, 301-308.
35. Meyers, J. & Volbrecht, M. (1999). Detection of malingerers using the Rey Complex Figure and recognition trial. Applied Neuropsychology, 6, 201-207.
36. Millis, S. R. (2002). Warrington's recognition memory test in the detection of response bias. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology, 2, 147-166.
37. Millis, S. R., & Kler, S. (1995). Limitations of the Rey Fifteen Item Test in the detection of malingering. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 241-244.
38. Millis, S. R., Putnam, S. H., Adams, K. M., & Ricker, J. H. (1995). The California Verbal Learning Test in the detection of incomplete effort in neuropsychological evaluation. Psychological Assessment, 7, 463-471.
39. Mittenberg, W., Theroux-Fichera, S., Zilinski, R., & Heibronner, R. (1995). Identification of malingered head injury on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26, 491-498.
40. Morgan, S. (1997). Qualitative error frequency on the Rey Fifteen Item Test in a clinical sample. Poster presented at the annual convention of the National Academy of Neuropsychology, Las Vegas, Nevada.
41. Paul, D., Franzen, M. D., Cohen, S. H., & Fremouw, W. (1992). An investigation into the reliability and validity of two tests used in the detection of dissimulation. International Journal of Neuropsychology, 14, 1-9.
42. Pulsifer, M. B. (1996). The neuropsychology of mental retardation. Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society, 2, 159-176.
43. Rey, A. (1941). The psychological examination in cases of traumatic encephalopathy. Archives of Psychology, 28, 286-340.
44. Rey, A. (1958). The psychological examination. Paris: University of France Press.
45. Rogers, R. (1992). Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
46. Sherman, D. S., Brauer-Boone, K., Lu, P., & Razani, J. (2002). Re-examination of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test/Rey Complex Figure discriminant function to detect suspect effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16, 242-250.
47. Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M. S., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 545-561.
48. Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1991). A compendium of neuropsychological test. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Stearns, R. A., & White, T. (2003). Neuropsychological Assessment Battery B: Administration, scoring and interpretation manual. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
50. Suhr, J., & Boyer, D. (1999). Use of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in the detection of malingering in student simulator and patient samples. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 21, 701-708.
51. Tenhula, W., & Sweet, J. (1996). Double cross-validation of the Booklet Category Test detecting malingered traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuoropsychologist, 10, 104-116.
52. Tombaugh, T. (1996). TOMM. Test of memory malingering. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.
53. Victor, T. L., Boone, K. B., & De La Rosa-Trujillo, B. A. (2005). The use of effort tests in mentally retarded population. Poster presented at the National Academy of Neuropsychology Annual Convention, Tampa Bay, Florida, USA.
54. Warrington, E. (1984). Recognition Memory Test. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson.
55. Wechsler, D. (1997a). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
56. Wechsler, D. (1997b). Wechsler Memory Scale (3rd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.