The causal effects of Vietnam-era military service on post-war family dynamics

Social Science Research

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 299-310

  Heerwig, Jennifer A ^a   Conley, Dalton ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Family stability; Filial coresidence; Instrumental variables; Marital dissolution; Military service; Veterans; Vietnam draft

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872655351     PISSN: 0049089X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.11.003     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Angrist J. Lifetime earnings and the Vietnam era draft lottery: evidence from social security administrative records. American Economic Review 1990, 80:313-336.
2. Angrist J. The draft lottery and voluntary enlistment in the Vietnam era. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1991, 86:584-595.
3. Angrist, J., Chen, S., 2008. Long-Term Consequences of Vietnam-Era Conscription: Schooling, Experience, and Earnings. NBER Working Paper #13411.
4. Angrist J., Chen S., Frandsen B. Did Vietnam veterans get sicker in the 1990s? The complicated effects of military service on self-reported health. Journal of Public Economics 2010, 94:824-837.
5. Angrist J., Chen S., Song J. Long-term consequences of Vietnam-era conscription: new estimates using social security data. American Economic Review 2011, 101:334-338.
6. Angrist, Joshua, Krueger, Alan B., 1992. Estimating the Payoff to Schooling Using the Vietnam-Era Draft Lottery. NBER Working Paper #4067.
7. Angrist Joshua D., Pischke Jorn-Steffen Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion 2009, Princeton University Press.
8. Angrist Joshua D., Imbens Guido W., Rubin Donald B. Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1996, 91:444-455.
9. Apel Robert, et al. Using state child labor laws to identify the causal effect of youth employment on deviant behavior and academic achievement. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2008, 24:337-362.
10. Aquilino William S. The likelihood of parent-adult child co-residence: effects of family structure and parental characteristics. Journal of Marriage and Family 1990, 52:405-419.
11. Aquilino William S. Family structure and home-leaving: a further specification of the relationship. Journal of Marriage and Family 1991, 53:999-1010.
12. Becker Sascha O., Bentolila Samuel, Fernandes Ana, Ichino Andrea Youth emancipation and perceived job insecurity of parents and children. Journal of Population Economics 2010, 23:1175-1199.
13. Bouffard Leana Allen Examining the relationship between military service and criminal behavior during the Vietnam era: a research note. Criminology 2003, 41:491-510.
14. Bouffard Leana Allen The military as a bridging environment in criminal careers: differential outcomes of the military experience. Armed Forces and Society 2005, 31:273-295.
15. Bound John, Jaeger David A., Baker Regina M. Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1995, 90:443-450.
16. Brown, Charles, 2006. Relatively Equal Opportunity in the Armed Forces: Impacts on Children of Military Families. Unpublished manuscript. University of Michigan, Department of Economics.
17. Call Vaughn R.A., Teachman Jay D. Military service and stability in the family life course. Military Psychology 1991, 3:233-250.
18. Call Vaughn R.A., Teachman Jay D. Life-course timing and sequencing of marriage and military service and their effects on marital stability. Journal of Marriage and Family 1996, 58:219-226.
19. Card, David, Lemieux, Thomas, 1997. Adapting to Circumstances: The Evolution of Work, School, and Living Arrangements Among North American Youth. NBER Working Paper #6142.
20. Card David, Lemieux Thomas Going to college to avoid the draft: the unintended legacy of the Vietnam war. American Economic Review 2001, 91(2):97-102.
21. Conley D., Heerwig J. The long-term effects of military conscription on mortality: estimates from the Vietnam-era draft lottery. Demography 2012, 49:841-855.
22. Danziger Sheldon., Ratner David. Labor market outcomes and the transition to adulthood. Future of Children 2010, 20(1):133-158.
23. Davidson Jonathan, Smith Rebecca, Kudler Harold. Familial psychiatric illness in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1989, 30:339-345.
24. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2001. Annual Benefits Report: Fiscal Year 2000. <>. http://www.vba.va.gov/REPORTS/abr/fy2000_abr_v3.pdf.
25. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2006. Annual Benefits Report: Fiscal Year 2005. <>. http://www.vba.va.gov/REPORTS/abr/historical/2005_abr.pdf.
26. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011a. Agent Orange: Diseases Related to Agent Orange Exposure. <>. http://www.publichealth.va.gov/exposures/agentorange/diseases.asp#veterans.
27. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2011b. Annual Benefits Report: Fiscal Year 2010. <>. http://www.vba.va.gov/REPORTS/abr/2010_abr.pdf.
28. Elder Glen H. Military times and turning points in men's lives. Developmental Psychology 1986, 22:233-245.
29. Elder Glen H., Cynthia Gimbel, RachelIvie Turning points in life: the case of military service and war. Military Psychology 1991, 3:215-231.
30. Fienberg S.E. Randomization and social affairs: the 1970 draft lottery. Science 1971, 171:255-261.
31. Gade Paul A. Military service and the life-course perspective: a turning point for military personnel research. Military Psychology 1991, 3:187-199.
32. Gelman, Andrew, Hill, Jennifer, 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press.
33. Gimbel Cynthia, Booth Alan Why does military combat experience adversely affect marital relations. Journal of Marriage and Family 1994, 56:691-703.
34. Glenn D.Michael, et al. Violence and hostility among families of vietnam veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Violence and Victims 2002, 17:473-489.
35. Glick Paul C., Lin Sung-Ling More young adults are living with their parents: who are they?. Journal of Marriage and Family 1986, 48:107-112.
36. Goldscheider Frances K., DaVanzo Julie Living arrangements and the transition to adulthood. Demography 1985, 22:545-563.
37. Goldscheider Frances K., Goldscheider Calvin Family structure and conflict: nest-leaving expectations of young adults and their parents. Journal of Marriage and Family 1989, 51:87-97.
38. Hearst N., Newman T., et al. A randomized natural experiment. New England Journal of Medicine 1986, 314:620-624.
39. Heaton Tim B. Factors contributing to increased marital stability in the United States. Journal of Family Issues 2002, 23:392-409.
40. Heckman J.J., Macurdy T.E. A simultaneous equations linear probability model. The Canadian Journal of Economics 1985, 85:28-37.
41. Jensen Peter S., Lewis Ronel L., Xenakis Stephen N. The military family in review: context, risk, and prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 1986, 25:225-234.
42. Jensen Peter S., Xenakis Stephen N., Wolf Perry, Bain Michael W. The 'military family syndrome' revisited: 'by the numbers'. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1991, 179:102-105.
43. Jones, Jeffrey M., 2008. Opposition to Iraq War Reaches New High. Gallup. <>. http://www.gallup.com/poll/106783/Opposition-Iraq-War-Reaches-New-High.aspx.
44. Jordan B.Kathleen, et al. Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1992, 60(6):916-926.
45. Kaplan, Greg, 2010. Moving Back Home: Insurance Against Labor Market Risk. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Working Paper #677.
46. Kiernan Kathleen E. The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life. Population Studies 1992, 46:213-234.
47. Kitson Gay C., Babri Karen Benson, Roach Mary Joan Who divorces and why: a review. Journal of Family Issues 1985, 6:255-293.
48. Kulka Richard A., Schlenger William E., et al. Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation 1990, Brunner/Mazel, Inc., New York, NY.
49. LaGrone Don M. The military family syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry 1978, 135:1040-1043.
50. London A., Wilmoth J. Military service and (dis)continuity in the life course. Research on Aging 2006, 28:135-159.
51. Lundquist Jennifer Hickes The black-white gap in marital dissolution among young adults: what can a counterfactual scenario tell us?. Social Problems 2006, 53:421-441.
52. Lundquist Jennifer Hickes When race makes no difference: marriage and the military. Social Forces 2006, 83:731-757.
53. Lundquist Jennifer Hickes Ethnic and gender satisfaction in the military: the effect of a meritocratic institution. American Sociological Review 2008, 73:477-496.
54. MacLean Alair, Elder Glen H. Military Service in the Life Course. Annual Review of Sociology 2007, 33:175-196.
55. Matsudaira, Jordan B., 2006. Economic Conditions and the Living Arrangements of Young Adults. Transitions to Adulthood Research Network Working Paper.
56. Mattila J.Peter G.I. bill benefits and enrollments: how did vietnam veterans fare?. Social Science Quarterly 1978, 59:535-545.
57. Mitchell Barbara A., Wister Andrew W., Burch Thomas K. The family environment and leaving the parental home. Journal of Marriage and Family 1989, 51:605-613.
58. Modell John, Haggerty Timothy The social impact of war. Annual Review of Sociology 1991, 17:205-224.
59. National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics, 2011. Department of Veterans Affairs Statistics at a Glance. <>. http://www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/quickfacts/Homepage-slideshow.pdf.
60. Palmer Cale A theory of risk and resilience in military families. Military Psychology 2008, 20:205-217.
61. Pavalko Eliza K., Elder Glen H. World War II and divorce: a life-course perspective. American Journal of Sociology 1990, 95:1213-1234.
62. Price, Jennifer L., 2011. Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans' Readjustment Survey. <>. http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/pages/vietnam-vets-study.asp.
63. Riggs David S., Byrne Christina A., Weathers Frank W., Litz Brett T. The quality of the intimate relationships of male Vietnam veterans: problems associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1998, 11(1):87-101.
64. Rohlfs, C., 2007. Does Combat Exposure Make You a More Violent or Criminal Person? Evidence from the Pre-Lottery Vietnam Draft. Working Paper. Maxwell School. Syracuse University.
65. Rosenzweig Mark R., Wolpin Kenneth I. Intergenerational support and the life-cycle incomes of young men and their parents: human capital investments, co-residence, and intergenerational financial transfers. Journal of Labor Economics 1993, 11(1):84-112.
66. Ruger W., Wilson S., et al. Warfare and welfare: military service, combat, and marital dissolution. Armed Forces & Society 2002, 29(1):85-107.
67. Samper Rita E., Taft Casey T., King Daniel W., King Lynda A. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and parenting satisfaction among a national sample of male Vietnam veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress 2004, 17:311-315.
68. Sampson Robert J., Laub John H. Socioeconomic achievement in the life course of disadvantaged men: military service as a turning point, Circa 1940-1965. American Sociological Review 1996, 61:347-367.
69. South Scott J. Economic conditions and the divorce rate: a time-series analysis of the postwar United States. Journal of Marriage and Family 1985, 47(1):31-41.
70. South Scott J., Spitze Glenna Determinants of divorce over the marital life course. American Sociological Review 1986, 51:583-590.
71. Stretch Robert H., Figley Charles R. Combat and the Vietnam veteran: assessment of psychosocial adjustment. Armed Forces and Society 1984, 10:311-319.
72. Teachman J. Military service, race, and the transition to marriage and cohabitation. Journal of Family Issues 2009, 30(10):1433-1454.
73. Teachman Jay D., Tedrow Lucky Divorce, race, and military service. more than equal pay and equal opportunity. Journal of Marriage and Family 2008, 70:1030-1044.
74. U.S. Census Bureau, 2000. Employment Status by Sex: 2000. <>. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
75. U.S. Census Bureau, 2001. Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: Census 2000 Brief. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. <>. http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1.pdf.
76. U.S. Census Bureau, 2005. Employment Status: 2005 American Community Survey. <>. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
77. U.S. Census Bureau, 2008. A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data Users Need to Know. U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. <>. http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/handbooks/ACSGeneralHandbook.pdf.
78. Usdansky Margaret L., London Andrew S., Wilmoth Janet M. Veteran status, race-ethnicity, and marriage among fragile families. Journal of Marriage and Family 2009, 71:768-786.
79. Ward Russell, Logan John, Spitze Glenna The influence of parent and child needs on coresidence in middle and later life. Journal of Marriage and Family 1992, 54:209-221.
80. White Lynn Co-residence and leaving home: young adults and their parents. Annual Review of Sociology 1994, 20:81-102.
81. Zatzick Douglas F., et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and functioning and quality of life outcomes in a nationally representative sample of male Vietnam veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1997, 154:1690-1695.