Using state child labor laws to identify the causal effect of youth employment on deviant behavior and academic achievement

Journal of Quantitative Criminology

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 337-362

  Apel, Robert ^a   Bushway, Shawn D ^a   Paternoster, Raymond ^b   Brame, Robert ^c   Sweeten, Gary ^d  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE   (United States)

^d ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY WEST   (United States)

Author keywords

Crime and deviance; Instrumental variables; Longitudinal data; School performance; Youth employment

Indexed keywords

EID: 53649095761     PISSN: 07484518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10940-008-9055-5     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. R Agnew 1986 Work and delinquency among juveniles attending school J Crim Justice 9 19 41
2. JD Angrist GW Imbens DB Rubin 1996 Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables J Am Stat Assoc 91 444 455
3. R Apel R Paternoster SD Bushway R Brame 2006 A job isn't just a job: the differential impact of formal versus informal work on adolescent problem behavior Crime Delinq 52 333 369
4. R Apel SD Bushway R Brame AM Haviland DS Nagin R Paternoster 2007 Unpacking the relationship between adolescent employment and antisocial behavior: a matched samples comparison Criminology 45 67 97
5. JG Bachman JE Schulenberg 1993 How part-time work intensity relates to drug use, problem behavior, time use, and satisfaction among high school seniors: are these consequences or merely correlates? Dev Psychol 29 220 235
6. JG Bachman LD Johnston PM O'Malley 1981 Smoking, drinking, and drug use among American high school students: correlates and trends, 1975-1979 Am J Public Health 71 59 69
7. JG Bachman DJ Safron SR Sy JE Schulenberg 2003 Wishing to work: new perspectives on how adolescents' part-time work intensity is linked to educational disengagement, substance use, and other problem behaviors Int J Behav Dev 27 301 315
8. Blumstein A, Cohen J, Roth JA, Visher CA (eds) (1986) Criminal careers and "career criminals", vol 1. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
9. JD Bound A Jaeger RM Baker 1995 Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak J Am Stat Assoc 90 443 450
10. Bremner R, Barnard J, Hareven TK, Mennel RM (1971) Children and youth in America: a documentary history. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
11. SV Cameron JJ Heckman 1993 The nonequivalence of high school equivalents J Labor Econ 11 1 47
12. Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education (1979) Giving youth a better chance: options for education, work, and service. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco
13. RV Carr JD Wright C Brody 1996 Effects of high school work experience a decade later: evidence from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Sociol Educ 69 66 81
14. Center for Human Resource Research (2002) NLSY97 user's guide. Center for Human Resource Research, Columbus, OH
15. Coleman JS, Bremner RH, Clark BR, Davis JB, Eichorn DH, Griliches Z, Kett JF, Ryder NB, Doering ZB, Mays JM (1974) Youth: transition to adulthood, report of the panel on youth of the president's science advisory committee. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
16. FT Cullen N Williams JP Wright 1997 Work conditions and juvenile delinquency: is youth employment criminogenic? Crim Justice Policy Rev 8 119 143
17. R D'Amico 1984 Does employment during high school impair academic progress? Sociol Educ 57 152 164
18. DS Elliott 1966 Delinquency, school attendance and dropout Soc Probl 13 307 314
19. Elliott DS, Voss HL (1974) Delinquency and dropout. D. C. Heath, Lexington, MA
20. DR Entwisle KL Alexander LS Olson K Ross 1999 Paid work in early adolescence: developmental and ethnic patterns J Early Adolesc 19 363 388
21. DR Entwisle KL Alexander LS Olson 2000 Early work histories of urban youth Am Sociol Rev 65 279 297
22. DR Entwisle KL Alexander LS Olson 2004 Temporary as compared to permanent high school dropout Soc Forces 82 1181 1205
23. DR Entwisle KL Alexander LS Olson 2005 Urban teenagers: work and dropout Youth Soc 37 3 32
24. Fagan J, Freeman RB (1999) Crime and work. In: Tonry M (ed) Crime and justice: a review of research, vol 25. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 225-290
25. DC Gottfredson 1985 Youth employment, crime, and schooling: a longitudinal study of a national sample Dev Psychol 21 419 432
26. Greenberger E, Steinberg LD (1986) When teenagers work: the psychological and social costs of adolescent employment. Basic Books, New York
27. E Greenberger LD Steinberg A Vaux 1981 Adolescents who work: health and behavioral consequences of job stress Dev Psychol 17 691 703
28. J Grogger 1998 Market wages and youth crime J Labor Econ 16 756 791
29. J Hagan 1993 The social embeddedness of crime and unemployment Criminology 31 465 491
30. Hall GS (1904) Adolescence: its psychology and its relations to physiology, anthropology, sociology, sex, crime, religion, and education, vol 1. Appleton, New York
31. Hindelang M, Hirschi T, Weis JG (1981) Measuring delinquency. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA
32. Hirschi T (1969) Causes of delinquency. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
33. J Horney DW Osgood IH Marshall 1995 Criminal careers in the short-term: intra-individual variability in crime and its relation to local life circumstances Am Sociol Rev 60 655 673
34. VJ Hotz LC Xu M Tienda A Ahituv 2002 Are there returns to the wages of young men from working while in school? Rev Econ Stat 84 221 236
35. GW Imbens JD Angrist 1994 Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects Econometrica 62 467 476
36. GR Jarjoura 1993 Does dropping out of school enhance delinquent involvement? Results from a large-scale national probability sample Criminology 31 149 172
37. GR Jarjoura 1996 The conditional effect of social class on the dropout-delinquency relationship J Res Crime Delinq 33 232 255
38. MK Johnson 2004 Further evidence on adolescent employment and substance use: differences by race and ethnicity J Health Soc Behav 45 187 197
39. Kett J (1977) Rites of passage: adolescence in America, 1790 to the present. Basic Books, New York
40. J Kett 1978 Curing the disease of precocity Am J Sociol 84 S183 S211
41. LeBlanc M, Fréchette M (1989) Male criminal activity from childhood through youth: multilevel and developmental perspectives. Springer-Verlag, New York
42. JH Lillydahl 1990 Academic achievement and part-time employment of high school students J Econ Educ 21 307 316
43. L Lochner E Moretti 2004 The effect of education on crime: evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports Am Econ Rev 94 155 189
44. KC Longest MJ Shanahan 2007 Adolescent work intensity and substance use: the mediational and moderational roles of parenting J Marriage Fam 69 703 720
45. H Marsh 1991 Employment during high school: character building or a subversion of academic goals? Sociol Educ 64 172 189
46. BJ McMorris C Uggen 2000 Alcohol and employment in the transition to adulthood J Health Soc Behav 41 276 294
47. R McNeal Jr 1997 Are students being pulled out of high school? The effect of adolescent employment on dropping out Sociol Educ 70 206 220
48. SW Mihalic DS Elliott 1997 Short- and long-term consequences of adolescent work Youth Soc 28 464 498
49. Mortimer JT (2003) Working and growing up in America. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
50. Mortimer JT, Finch MD (1986) The effects of part-time work on adolescent self-concept and achievement. In: Borman KM, Reisman J (eds) Becoming a worker. Ablex Publishing, Norwood, NJ, pp 66-89
51. JT Mortimer MD Finch S Ryu MJ Shanahan KT Call 1996 The effects of work intensity on adolescent mental health, achievement, and behavioral adjustment: new evidence from a prospective study Child Dev 67 1243 1261
52. National Commission on the Reform of Secondary Education (1973) The reform of secondary education. McGraw-Hill, New York
53. National Commission on Youth (1980) The transition of youth to adulthood: a bridge too long. Westview Press, Boulder, CO
54. National Panel on High School, Adolescent Education (1976) The education of adolescents. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, DC
55. National Research Council (1998) Protecting youth at work: health, safety, and development of working children and adolescents in the United States. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
56. Newman KS (1999) No shame in my game: the working poor in the inner city. Vintage Books, New York
57. Osgood DW (1999) Having the time of their lives: all work and no play? In: Booth A, Crouter AC, Shanahan MJ (eds) Transitions to adulthood in a changing economy: no work, no family, no future? Praeger, Westport, CT, pp 176-186
58. R Paternoster S Bushway R Brame R Apel 2003 The effect of teenage employment on delinquency and problem behaviors Soc Forces 82 297 335
59. JC Phillips D Kelly 1979 School failure and delinquency: which causes which? Criminology 17 194 207
60. M Ploeger 1997 Youth employment and delinquency: reconsidering a problematic relationship Criminology 35 659 675
61. DS Rothstein 2007 High school employment and youths' academic achievement J Hum Res 42 194 213
62. M Ruggiero E Greenberger L Steinberg 1982 Occupational deviance among first-time workers Youth Soc 13 423 448
63. CJ Ruhm 1995 The extent and consequences of high school employment J Labor Res 16 293 303
64. DJ Safron JE Schulenberg JG Bachman 2001 Part-time work and hurried adolescence: the links among work intensity, social activities, health behaviors, and substance use J Health Soc Behav 42 425 449
65. Sampson RJ, Laub JH (1993) Crime in the making: pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
66. M Schoenhals M Tienda B Schneider 1998 The educational and personal consequences of adolescent employment Soc Forces 77 723 762
67. J Shea 1997 Instrument relevance in multivariate linear models: a simple measure Rev Econ Stat 79 348 352
68. J Staff C Uggen 2003 The fruits of good work: early work experiences and adolescent deviance J Res Crime Delinq 40 263 290
69. D Staiger JH Stock 1997 Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments Econometrica 65 557 586
70. L Steinberg E Cauffman 1995 The impact of employment on adolescent development Ann Child Dev 11 131 166
71. L Steinberg S Dornbusch 1991 Negative correlates of part-time work in adolescence: replication and elaboration Dev Psychol 17 304 313
72. LD Steinberg E Greenberger L Garduque M Ruggiero A Vaux 1982 Effects of working on adolescent development Dev Psychol 18 385 395
73. L Steinberg S Fegley S Dornbusch 1993 Negative impact of part-time work on adolescent adjustment: evidence from a longitudinal study Dev Psychol 29 171 180
74. Sullivan M (1989) Getting paid: youth crime and work in the inner city. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
75. Sweeten G, Bushway S, Paternoster R (2008) Does dropping out of school mean dropping into delinquency? Unpublished manuscript. Arizona State University, Tempe
76. TP Thornberry RL Christenson 1984 Unemployment and criminal involvement: an investigation of reciprocal causal structures Am Sociol Rev 56 609 627
77. TP Thornberry M Moore RL Christenson 1985 The effect of dropping out of high school on subsequent criminal behavior Criminology 23 3 18
78. Tienda M, Ahituv A (1996) Ethnic differences in school departure: does youth employment promote or undermine educational attainment? In: Magnum G, Magnum S (eds) Of heart and mind: social policy essays in honor of Sar A. Levitan. W. E. Upjohn Institute, Kalamazoo, MI, pp 93-110
79. JH Tyler 2003 Using state child labor laws to identify the effect of school-year work on academic achievement J Labor Econ 21 381 408
80. C Uggen 1999 Ex-offenders and the conformist alternative: a job quality model of work and crime Soc Probl 46 127 151
81. C Uggen 2000 Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals: a duration model of age, employment, and recidivism Am Sociol Rev 65 529 546
82. JR Warren 2002 Reconsidering the relationship between student employment and academic outcomes: a new theory and better data Youth Soc 33 366 393
83. JR Warren EF Cataldi 2006 A historical perspective on high school students' paid employment and its association with high school dropout Sociol Forum 21 113 143
84. JR Warren J Lee 2004 The impact of adolescent employment on high school dropout: differences by individual and labor market characteristics Soc Sci Res 32 98 128
85. JR Warren PC LePore RD Mare 2000 Employment during high school: consequences for students' grades in academic courses Am Educ Res J 37 943 969
86. AD Witte H Tauchen 1994 Work and crime: an exploration using panel data Public Financ 49 155 167
87. Work-Education Consortium (1978) Work and service experience for youth. National Manpower Institute, Washington, DC
88. JP Wright FT Cullen 2000 Juvenile involvement in occupational delinquency Criminology 38 863 892
89. JP Wright FT Cullen 2004 Employment, peers, and life-course transitions Justice Q 21 183 205
90. LT Wu WE Schlenger DM Galvin 2003 The relationship between employment and substance use among students aged 12-17 J Adolesc Health 32 5 15