Atmospheric mercury depletion events at the Dead Sea: Spatial and temporal aspects

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 69, Issue , 2013, Pages 231-239

  Moore, Christopher W ^a   Obrist, Daniel ^a   Luria, Menachem ^b  

^a DESERT RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

Atmospheric halogens; Atmospheric mercury depletion events; Bromine; Dead Sea; Mercury speciation; Tekran instruments

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; BACKGROUND LEVEL; DEAD SEA; DETECTION LIMITS; HG CONCENTRATIONS; MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN; MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES; MERCURY SPECIATIONS; ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE; TEMPORAL ASPECTS; TEMPORAL DATA;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BROMINE; DIGITAL STORAGE; ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; OZONE; VAPORS;

MERCURY (METAL);

BROMIDE; CHLORINE; HALOGEN; MERCURY; SEA WATER;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DATA SET; HALOGEN; INSTRUMENTATION; MERCURY (ELEMENT); OXIDE; OZONE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SPECIATION (CHEMISTRY);

ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; DEAD SEA; DEPLETION; DESORPTION; OXIDATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEA; SEASONAL VARIATION; WINTER;

DEAD SEA;

EID: 84872528204     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.020     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Amyot M., Southworth G., Lindberg S.E., Hintelmann H., Lalonde J.D., Ogrinc N., et al. Formation and evasion of dissolved gaseous mercury in large enclosures amended with (HgCl2)-Hg-200. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:4279-4289.
2. Ariya P.A., Dastoor A.P., Amyot M., Schroeder W.H., Barrie L., Anlauf K., et al. The Arctic: a sink for mercury. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology 2004, 56:397-403.
3. Bahlmann E., Ebinghaus R. Process studies on mercury fluxes over different soils with a Laboratory Flux Measurement System (LFMS). Journal De Physique Iv 2003, 107:99-102.
4. Bash J.O., Miller D.R. Growing season total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux measurements over an Acer rubrum L. stand. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43:5953-5961.
5. Berg T., Sekkesaeter S., Steinnes E., Valdal A.K., Wibetoe G. Springtime depletion of mercury in the European Arctic as observed at Svalbard. The Science of the Total Environment 2003, 304:43-51.
6. Brooks S., Lindberg S., Southworth G., Arimoto R. Springtime atmospheric mercury speciation in the McMurdo, Antarctica coastal region. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:2885-2893.
7. Brooks S., Moore C., Lew D., Lefer B., Huey G., Tanner D. Temperature and sunlight controls of mercury oxidation and deposition atop the Greenland ice sheet. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2011, 11:8295-8306.
8. Brooks S.B., Saiz-Lopez A., Skov H., Lindberg S.E., Plane J.M.C., Goodsite M.E. The mass balance of mercury in the springtime arctic environment. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33:L13812.
9. Brunke E.G., Labuschagne C., Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Slemr F. Gaseous elemental mercury depletion events observed at Cape Point during 2007-2008. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2010, 10:1121-1131.
10. Castro M.S., McLaughlin E.N., Davis S.L., Morgan R.P. Total mercury concentrations in lakes and fish of western Maryland, USA. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2002, 42:454-462.
11. Choi H.D., Holsen T.M. Gaseous mercury fluxes from the forest floor of the Adirondacks. Environmental Pollution 2009, 157:592-600.
12. Cobbett F.D., Steffen A., Lawson G., Van Heyst B.J. GEM fluxes and atmospheric mercury concentrations (GEM, RGM and Hg-P) in the Canadian Arctic at Alert, Nunavut, Canada (February-June 2005). Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41:6527-6543.
13. Corbett-Hains H., Walters N.E., Van Heyst B.J. Evaluating the effects of sub-zero temperature cycling on mercury flux from soils. Atmospheric Environment 2012, 63:102-108.
14. Dastoor A.P., Davignon D., Theys N., Van Roozendael M., Steffen A., Ariya P.A. Modeling dynamic exchange of gaseous elemental mercury at polar sunrise. Environmental Science & Technology 2008, 42:5183-5188.
15. Dennis I.F., Clair T.A., Driscoll C.T., Kamman N., Chalmers A., Shanley J., et al. Distribution patterns of mercury in lakes and rivers of northeastern North America. Ecotoxicology 2005, 14:113-123.
16. Dibble T.S., Zelie M.J., Mao H. Thermodynamics of reactions of ClHg and BrHg radicals with atmospherically abundant free radicals. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012, 12:10271-10279.
17. Dommergue A., Bahlmann E., Ebinghaus R., Ferrari C., Boutron C. Laboratory simulation of Hg-0 emissions from a snowpack. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2007, 388:319-327.
18. Dommergue A., Sprovieri F., Pirrone N., Ebinghaus R., Brooks S., Courteaud J., et al. Overview of mercury measurements in the Antarctic troposphere. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2010, 10:3309-3319.
19. Dommergue Al, Larose C., Faïn X., Clarisse O., Foucher D., Hintelmann H., et al. Deposition of mercury species in the Ny-ålesund Area (79°N) and their transfer during snowmelt. Environmental Science & Technology 2010, 44:901-907.
20. Douglas T.A., Sturm M., Simpson W.R., Brooks S., Lindberg S.E., Perovich D.K. Elevated mercury measured in snow and frost flowers near Arctic sea ice leads. Geophysical Research Letters 2005, 32:L04502.
21. Ebinghaus R., Kock H.H., Temme C., Einax J.W., Löwe A.G., Richter A., et al. Antarctic springtime depletion of atmospheric mercury. Environmental Science & Technology 2002, 36:1238-1244.
22. Edwards G.C., Rasmussen P.E., Schroeder W.H., Wallace D.M., Halfpenny-Mitchell L., Dias G.M., et al. Development and evaluation of a sampling system to determine gaseous Mercury fluxes using an aerodynamic micrometeorological gradient method. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2005, 110.
23. Fillion M., Philibert A., Mertens F., Lemire M., Passos C.J.S., Frenette B., et al. Neurotoxic sequelae of mercury exposure: an intervention and follow-up study in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecohealth 2011, 8:210-222.
24. Fitzgerald W.F., Engstrom D.R., Mason R.P., Nater E.A. The case for atmospheric mercury contamination in remote areas. Environmental Science & Technology 1998, 32:1-7.
25. Fu X.W., Feng X.B., Wang S.F. Exchange fluxes of Hg between surfaces and atmosphere in the eastern flank of Mount Gongga, Sichuan province, southwestern China. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2008, 113.
26. Gabriel M.C., Williamson D.G., Brooks S., Zhang H., Lindberg S. Spatial variability of mercury emissions from soils in a southeastern US urban environment. Environmental Geology 2005, 48:955-964.
27. Goodsite M.E., Plane J.M.C., Skov H. A theoretical study of the oxidation of Hg-0 to HgBr2 in the troposphere. Environmental Science & Technology 2004, 38:1772-1776.
28. Holmes C.D., Jacob D.J., Corbitt E.S., Mao J., Yang X., Talbot R., et al. Global atmospheric model for mercury including oxidation by bromine atoms. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2010, 10:12037-12057.
29. Holmes C.D., Jacob D.J., Yang X. Global lifetime of elemental mercury against oxidation by atomic bromine in the free troposphere. Geophysical Research Letters 2006, 33.
30. Johnson K.P., Blum J.D., Keeler G.J., Douglas T.A. Investigation of the deposition and emission of mercury in arctic snow during an atmospheric mercury depletion event. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:D17304.
31. Kuiken T., Zhang H., Gustin M., Lindberg S. Mercury emission from terrestrial background surfaces in the eastern USA. Part I: air/surface exchange of mercury within a southeastern deciduous forest (Tennessee) over one year. Applied Geochemistry 2008, 23:345-355.
32. Lamborg C.H., Fitzgerald W.F., O'Donnell J., Torgersen T. A non-steady-state compartmental model of global-scale mercury biogeochemistry with interhemispheric atmospheric gradients. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2002, 66:1105-1118.
33. Landis M.S., Stevens R.K., Schaedlich F., Prestbo E.M. Development and characterization of an annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air. Environmental Science & Technology 2002, 36:3000-3009.
34. Lin C.J., Shetty S.K., Pan L., Pongprueksa P., Jang C., Chu H.W. Source attribution for mercury deposition in the contiguous United States: regional difference and seasonal variation. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2012, 62:52-63.
35. Lindberg S.E., Brooks S., Lin C.J., Scott K.J., Landis M.S., Stevens R.K., et al. Dynamic oxidation of gaseous mercury in the Arctic troposphere at polar sunrise. Environmental Science & Technology 2002, 36:1245-1256.
36. Lu J.Y., Schroeder W.H., Barrie L.A., Steffen A., Welch H.E., Martin K., et al. Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: the link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry. Geophysical Research Letters 2001, 28:3219-3222.
37. Lyman S.N., Jaffe D.A. Formation and fate of oxidized mercury in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Nature Geoscience 2012, 5:114-117.
38. Mao H., Talbot R.W., Sigler J.M., Sive B.C., Hegarty J.D. Seasonal and diurnal variations of Hg degrees over New England. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2008, 8:1403-1421.
39. Matveev V., Peleg M., Rosen D., Tov-Alper D.S., Hebestreit K., Stutz J., et al. Bromine oxide - ozone interaction over the Dead Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:10375-10387.
40. Murphy D.M., Hudson P.K., Thomson D.S., Sheridan P.J., Wilson J.C. Observations of mercury-containing aerosols. Environmental Science & Technology 2006, 40:3163-3167.
41. O'Driscoll N.J., Beauchamp S., Siciliano S.D., Rencz A.N., Lean D.R.S. Continuous analysis of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and mercury flux in two freshwater lakes in Kejimkujik Park, Nova Scotia: Evaluating mercury flux models with quantitative data. Environmental Science & Technology 2003, 37:2226-2235.
42. Obrist D., Tas E., Peleg M., Matveev V., Fain X., Asaf D., et al. Bromine-induced oxidation of mercury in the mid-latitude atmosphere. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:22-26.
43. Peleg M., Matveev V., Tas E., Luria M., Valente R.J., Obrist D. Mercury depletion events in the troposphere in mid-latitudes at the Dead Sea, Israel. Environmental Science & Technology 2007, 41:7280-7285.
44. Raofie F., Ariya P.A. Product study of the gas-phase BrO-initiated oxidation of Hg-0: evidence for stable Hg1+ compounds. Environmental Science & Technology 2004, 38:4319-4326.
45. Rothenberg S.E., Mckee L., Gilbreath A., Yee D., Connor M., Fu X.W. Evidence for short-range transport of atmospheric mercury to a rural, inland site. Atmospheric Environment 2010, 44:1263-1273.
46. Schroeder W., Lindqvist O., Munthe J., Xiao Z.F. Volatilization of mercury from lake surfaces. The Science of the Total Environment 1992, 125:47-66.
47. Schroeder W.H., Anlauf K.G., Barrie L.A., Lu J.Y., Steffen A., Schneeberger D.R., et al. Arctic springtime depletion of mercury. Nature 1998, 394:331-332.
48. Schroeder W.H., Munthe J. Atmospheric mercury - an overview. Atmospheric Environment 1998, 32:809-822.
49. Simpson W.R., von Glasow R., Riedel K., Anderson P., Ariya P., Bottenheim J., et al. Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2007, 7:4375-4418.
50. Skov H., Christensen J.H., Goodsite M.E., Heidam N.Z., Jensen B., Wahlin P., et al. Fate of elemental mercury in the arctic during atmospheric mercury depletion episodes and the load of atmospheric mercury to the arctic. Environmental Science & Technology 2004, 38:2373-2382.
51. Smoydzin L., von Glasow R. Modelling chemistry over the Dead Sea: bromine and ozone chemistry. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009, 9:5057-5072.
52. Steffen A., Douglas T., Amyot M., Ariya P., Aspmo K., Berg T., et al. A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2008, 8:1445-1482.
53. Steffen A., Scherz T., Olson M., Gay D., Blanchard P. A comparison of data quality control protocols for atmospheric mercury speciation measurements. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2012, 14:752-765.
54. Steffen A., Schroeder W., Bottenheim J., Narayan J., Fuentes J.D. Atmospheric mercury concentrations: measurements and profiles near snow and ice surfaces in the Canadian Arctic during Alert 2000. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:2653-2661.
55. Stephens C.R., Shepson P.B., Steffen A., Bottenheim J.W., Liao J., Huey L.G., et al. The relative importance of chlorine and bromine radicals in the oxidation of atmospheric mercury at Barrow, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research 2012, 117:D00R11.
56. Stern G.A., Macdonald R.W., Outridge P.M., Wilson S., Chetelat J., Cole A., et al. How does climate change influence arctic mercury?. The Science of the Total Environment 2012, 414:22-42.
57. Talbot R., Mao H., Scheuer E., Dibb J., Avery M. Total depletion of Hg° in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34:L23804.
58. Tas E., Matveev V., Zingler J., Luria M., Peleg M. Frequency and extent of ozone destruction episodes over the Dead Sea, Israel. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:4769-4780.
59. Tas E., Obrist D., Peleg M., Matveev V., Faïn X., Asaf D., et al. Measurement-based modelling of bromine-induced oxidation of mercury above the Dead Sea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012, 12:2429-2440.
60. Tas E., Peleg M., Matveev V., Zingler J., Luria M. Frequency and extent of bromine oxide formation over the Dead Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2005, 110.
61. Tas E., Peleg M., Pedersen D.U., Matveev V., Biazar A.P., Luria M. Measurement-based modeling of bromine chemistry in the boundary layer: 1. Bromine chemistry at the Dead Sea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2006, 6:5589-5604.
62. Tas E., Peleg M., Pedersen D.U., Matveev V., Biazar A.P., Luria M. Measurement-based modeling of bromine chemistry in the Dead Sea boundary layer - Part 2: the influence of NO(2) on bromine chemistry at mid-latitude areas. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2008, 8:4811-4821.
63. Temme C., Einax J.W., Ebinghaus R., Schroeder W.H. Measurements of atmospheric mercury species at a coastal site in the Antarctic and over the south Atlantic ocean during polar summer. Environmental Science & Technology 2003, 37:22-31.
64. Tossell J.A. Calculation of the energetics for the oligomerization of gas phase HgO and HgS and for the solvolysis of crystalline HgO and HgS. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2006, 110:2571-2578.
65. USEPA Method 1669: Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels 1996.
66. USEPA Methyl Mercury in Water by Distillation, Aqueous Ethylation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 1998.
67. USEPA Method 1631, Revision E: Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge, and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 2002.
68. USEPA Mercury 2012, US EPA. http://epa.gov/hg/.