Investigation of the deposition and emission of mercury in arctic snow during an atmospheicc mercury delpletion event

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 113, Issue 17, 2008, Pages

  Johnson, Kelsey P ^a   Blum, Joel D ^a   Keeler, Gerald J ^a   Douglas, Thomas A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b Engineering Research and Development Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BOUNDARY LAYERS; GAS EMISSIONS; MERCURY (METAL); METEOROLOGY; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE;

AIR-SNOW INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); FLUX CHAMBER; MERCURY (ELEMENT); SNOWMELT; SNOWPACK; TROPOSPHERE;

ALASKA; BARROW; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 56349163122     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD009893     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Albert, M. R., A. M. Grannas, J. Bottenheim, P. B. Shepson, and F. E. Perron (2002), Processes and properties of snow-air transfer in the high arctic with application to interstitial ozone at Alert, Canada, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2779-2787.
2. Ariya, P. A., et al. (2004), The arctic: A sink for mercury, Tellus, Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 56, 397-403.
3. Barrie, L. A., J. W. Bottenheim, R. C. Schnell, P. J. Crutzen, and R. A. Rasmussen (1988), Ozone destruction and photochemical-reactions at polar sunrise in the lower arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138-141.
4. Barrie, L., and U. Platt (1997), Arctic tropospheric chemistry: An overview, Tellus, Ser. B Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 49, 450-454.
5. Berg, T., S. Sekkesaeter, E. Steinnes, A. K. Valdal, and G. Wibetoe (2003), Springtime depletion of mercury in the European Arctic as observed at Svalbard, Sci. Total Environ., 304, 43-51.
6. Brooks, S. B., A. Saiz-Lopez, H. Skov, S. E. Lindberg, J. M. C. Plane, and M. E. Goodsite (2006), The mass balance of mercury in the springtime arctic environment, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L13812, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL025525.
7. Colbeck, S. C. (1988), On the micrometeorology of surface hoar growth on snow in mountainous area, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 44, 1-12.
8. Dommergue, A., C. P. Ferrari, P. A. Gauchard, C. F. Boutron, L. Poissant, M. Pilote, P. Jitaru, and F. C. Adams (2003), The fate of mercury species in a sub-arctic snowpack during snowmelt, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(12), 1621, doi:10.1029/2003GL017308.
9. Douglas, T. A., M. Sturm, W. R. Simpson, S. Brooks, S. E. Lindberg, and D. K. Perovich (2005), Elevated mercury measured in snow and frost flowers near arctic sea ice leads, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04502, doi:10.1029/2004GL022132.
10. Douglas, T. A., M. Sturm, W. R. Simpson, J. D. Blum, L. Alvarez-Aviles, G. J. Keeler, D. K. Perovich, A. Biswas, and K. Johnson (2008), Influence of snow and ice crystal formation and accumulation on mercury deposition to the arctic, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1542-1551, doi:10.1021/es070502d.
11. Ebinghaus, R., H. H. Kock, C. Temme, J. W. Einax, A. G. Lowe, A. Richter, and W. H. Schroeder (2002), Antarctic springtime depletion of atmospheric mercury, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1238-1244.
12. Ferrari, C. P., et al. (2005), Snow-to-air exchanges of mercury in an arctic seasonal snowpack in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7633-7645.
13. Fitzgerald, W. F., and C. H. Lamborg (2003), Geochemistry of mercury in the environment, Treatise Geochem., 9, 107-148.
14. Gauchard, P. A., et al. (2005), Study of the origin of atmospheric mercury depletion events recorded in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, spring 2003, Atmos. Environ., 39, 7620-7632.
15. Kirk, J. L., V. L. S. Louis, and M. J. Sharp (2006), Rapid reduction and reemission of mercury deposited into snowpacks during atmospheric mercury depletion events at Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7590-7596.
16. Lahoutifard, N., L. Poissant, and S. L. Scott (2006), Scavenging of gaseous mercury by acidic snow at Kuujjuarapik, Northern Quebec, Sci. Total Environ., 355, 118-126, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.021.
17. Landis, M. S., R. K. Stevens, F. Schaedlich, and E. M. Prestbo (2002), Development and characterization of an annular denuder methodology for the measurement of divalent inorganic reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3000-3009.
18. Law, K. S., and A. Stohl (2007), Arctic air pollution: Origins and impacts, Science, 315, 1537-1540, doi:10.1126/science.1137695.
19. Lindberg, S. E., S. Brooks, C.-J. Lin, K. Scott, T. Meyers, L. Chambers, M. Landis, and R. Stevens (2001), Formation of reactive gaseous mercury in the arctic: Evidence of oxidation of Hg0 to gas-phase Hg-II compounds after arctic sunrise, Water Air Soil Pollut., 1, 295-302.
20. Lindberg, S. E., S. Brooks, C. J. Lin, K. J. Scott, M. S. Landis, R. K. Stevens, M. Goodsite, and A. Richter (2002), Dynamic oxidation of gaseous mercury in the arctic troposphere at polar sunrise, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1245-1256.
21. Lu, J. Y., et al. (2001), Magnification of atmospheric mercury deposition to polar regions in springtime: The link to tropospheric ozone depletion chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3219-3222.
22. Macdonald, R. W., T. Harner, and J. Fyfe (2005), Recent climate change in the arctic and its impact on contaminant pathways and interpretation of temporal trend data, Sci. Total Environ., 342, 5-86.
23. Magos, L., and T. W. Clarkson (2006), Overview of the clinical toxicity of mercury, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 43, 257-268.
24. Oltmans, S. J., and W. D. Komhyr (1986), Surface ozone distributions and variations from 1973-1984 measurements at the Noaa Geophysical Monitoring for climatic-change base-line observatories, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5229-5236.
25. Pomeroy, J. W., and D. M. Gray (1990), Saltation of snow, Water Resour. Res., 26, 1583-1594.
26. Schroeder, W. H., K. G. Anlauf, L. A. Barrie, J. Y. Lu, A. Steffen, D. R. Schneeberger, and T. Berg (1998), Arctic springtime depletion of mercury, Nature, 394, 331-332.
27. Scott, K. J. (2001), Bioavailable mercury in arctic snow determined by a light-emitting mer-lux bioreporter, Arctic., 54, 92-95.
28. Simpson, W. R., L. Alvarez-Aviles, T. A. Douglas, M. Sturm, and F. Dominé (2005), Halogens in the coastal snow pack near Barrow, Alaska: Evidence for active bromine air-snow chemistry during springtime, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04811, doi:10.1029/2004GL021748.
29. Simpson, W. R., D. Carlson, G. Honninger, T. A. Douglas, M. Sturm, D. Perovich, and U. Platt (2007), First-year sea-ice contact predicts bromine monoxide (BrO) levels at Barrow, Alaska better than potential frost flower contact, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 621-627.
30. Slemr, F., E. G. Brunke, R. Ebinghaus, C. Temme, J. Munthe, I. Wangberg, W. Schroeder, A. Steffen, and T. Berg (2003), Worldwide trend of atmospheric mercury since 1977, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1516, doi:10.1029/2003GL016954.
31. Skov, H., J. H. Christensen, M. E. Goodsite, N. Z. Heidam, B. Jensen, P. Wahlin, and G. Geernaert (2004), Fate of elemental mercury in the arctic during atmospheric mercury depletion episodes and the load of atmospheric mercury to the arctic, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2373-2382.
32. Sprovieri, F., N. Pirrone, I. M. Hedgecock, M. S. Landis, and R. K. Stevens (2002), Intensive atmospheric mercury measurements at Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica during November and December 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4722, doi:10.1029/2002JD002057.
33. Steffen, A., W. H. Schroeder, G. Edwards, and C. Banic (2003), Mercury throughout polar sunrise 2002, J. Phys., IV, 107, 1267-1270.
34. Steffen, A., W. Schroeder, R. Macdonald, L. Poissant, and A. Konoplev (2005), Mercury in the arctic atmosphere: An analysis of eight years of measurements of GEM at Alert (Canada) and a comparison with observations at Amderma (Russia) and Kuujjuarapik (Canada), Sci. Total Environ., 342, 185-198.
35. Steffen, A., et al. (2007), A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry linking atmosphere, snow and water, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 10,837-10,931.
36. Sturm, M., and G. E. Liston (2003), The snow cover on lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, USA, J. Glaciol., 49, 370-380.
37. Tackett, P. J., A. E. Cavender, A. D. Keil, P. B. Shepson, J. W. Bottenheim, S. Morin, J. Deary, A. Steffen, and C. Doerge (2007), A study of the vertical scale of halogen chemistry in the arctic troposphere during Polar Sunrise at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D07306, doi:10.1029/2006JD007785.
38. Wheatley, B., and S. Paradis (1995), Exposure of Canadian aboriginal peoples to methylmercury, Water Air Soil Pollut., 80, 3-11.