Centrosome positioning in vertebrate development

Journal of Cell Science

Volumn 125, Issue 21, 2012, Pages 4951-4961

  Tang, Nan ^a,b   Marshall, Wallace F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES   (China)

Author keywords

Centrosome; Development; Mitotic spindle orientation

Indexed keywords

AXONEMAL DYNEIN;

ASSOCIATION; CELL DIVISION; CELL FATE; CELL MIGRATION; CELL POLARITY; CELL TYPE; CENTRIOLE; CENTROSOME; COCHLEA; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; EPITHELIUM; EUKARYOTIC FLAGELLUM; HAIR CELL; HUMAN; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NEUROBLAST; NONHUMAN; NOTE; ORGANOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VERTEBRATE; WOUND HEALING;

ANIMALS; CELL DIVISION; CELL MOVEMENT; CELL POLARITY; CENTROSOME; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMANS; MITOTIC SPINDLE APPARATUS; VERTEBRATES;

ANIMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 84872392821     PISSN: 00219533     EISSN: 14779137     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.038083     Document Type: Note

References (168)

1. Abal, M., Keryer, G. and Bornens, M. (2005). Centrioles resist forces applied on centrosomes during G2/M transition. Biol. Cell 97, 425-434.
2. Albrecht-Buehler, G. (1977). Phagokinetic tracks of 3T3 cells: parallels between the orientation of track segments and of cellular structures which contain actin or tubulin. Cell 12, 333-339.
3. Azimzadeh, J. and Bornens, M. (2007). Structure and duplication of the centrosome. J. Cell Sci. 120, 2139-2142.
4. Azimzadeh, J., Wong, M. L., Downhour, D. M., Sánchez Alvarado, A. and Marshall, W. F. (2012). Centrosome loss in the evolution of planarians. Science 335, 461-463.
5. Baena-López, L. A., Baonza, A. and García-Bellido, A. (2005). The orientation of cell divisions determines the shape of Drosophila organs. Curr. Biol. 15, 1640-1644.
6. Basto, R., Lau, J., Vinogradova, T., Gardiol, A., Woods, C. G., Khodjakov, A. and Raff, J. W. (2006). Flies without centrioles. Cell 125, 1375-1386.
7. Bayly, R. and Axelrod, J. D. (2011). Pointing in the right direction: new developments in the field of planar cell polarity. Nat. Rev. Genet. 12, 385-391.
8. Bellion, A., Baudoin, J. P., Alvarez, C., Bornens, M. and Métin, C. (2005). Nucleokinesis in tangentially migrating neurons comprises two alternating phases: forward migration of the Golgi/centrosome associated with centrosome splitting and myosin contraction at the rear. J. Neurosci. 25, 5691-5699.
9. Boisvieux-Ulrich, E. and Sandoz, D. (1991). Determination of ciliary polarity precedes differentiation in the epithelial cells of quail oviduct. Biol. Cell 72, 3-14.
10. Boisvieux-Ulrich, E., Laine, M. C. and Sandoz, D. (1985). The orientation of ciliary basal bodies in quail oviduct is related to the ciliary beating cycle commencement. Biol. Cell 55, 147-150.
11. Boisvieux-Ulrich, E., Lainé, M. C. and Sandoz, D. (1990). Cytochalasin D inhibits basal body migration and ciliary elongation in quail oviduct epithelium. Cell Tissue Res. 259, 443-454.
12. Borovina, A., Superina, S., Voskas, D. and Ciruna, B. (2010). Vangl2 directs the posterior tilting and asymmetric localization of motile primary cilia. Nat. Cell Biol. 12, 407-412.
13. Buendia, B., Bré, M. H., Griffiths, G. and Karsenti, E. (1990). Cytoskeletal control of centrioles movement during the establishment of polarity in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J. Cell Biol. 110, 1123-1135.
14. Burakov, A., Nadezhdina, E., Slepchenko, B. and Rodionov, V. (2003). Centrosome positioning in interphase cells. J. Cell Biol. 162, 963-969.
15. Cabernard, C., Prehoda, K. E. and Doe, C. Q. (2010). A spindle-independent cleavage furrow positioning pathway. Nature 467, 91-94.
16. Calarco-Gillam, P. D., Siebert, M. C., Hubble, R., Mitchison, T. and Kirschner, M. (1983). Centrosome development in early mouse embryos as defined by an autoantibody against pericentriolar material. Cell 35, 621-629.
17. Canning, E. U., Curry, A., Hill, S. L. and Okamura, B. (2007). Ultrastructure of Buddenbrockia allmani n. sp. (Myxozoa, Malacosporea), a parasite of Lophopus crystallinus (Bryozoa, Phylactolaemata). J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 54, 247-262.
18. Chailley, B., Nicolas, G. and Lainé, M. C. (1989). Organization of actin microfilaments in the apical border of oviduct ciliated cells. Biol. Cell 67, 81-90.
19. Ciruna, B., Jenny, A., Lee, D., Mlodzik, M. and Schier, A. F. (2006). Planar cell polarity signalling couples cell division and morphogenesis during neurulation. Nature 439, 220-224.
20. Danowski, B. A., Khodjakov, A. and Wadsworth, P. (2001). Centrosome behavior in motile HGF-treated PtK2 cells expressing GFP-gamma tubulin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50, 59-68.
21. Dawe, H. R., Farr, H. and Gull, K. (2007). Centriole/basal body morphogenesis and migration during ciliogenesis in animal cells. J. Cell Sci. 120, 7-15.
22. Dawe, H. R., Adams, M., Wheway, G., Szymanska, K., Logan, C. V., Noegel, A. A., Gull, K. and Johnson, C. A. (2009). Nesprin-2 interacts with meckelin and mediates ciliogenesis via remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. J. Cell Sci. 122, 2716-2726.
23. de Anda, F. C., Pollarolo, G., Da Silva, J. S., Camoletto, P. G., Feiguin, F. and Dotti, C. G. (2005). Centrosome localization determines neuronal polarity. Nature 436, 704-708.
24. de Saint Phalle, B. and Sullivan, W. (1998). Spindle assembly and mitosis without centrosomes in parthenogenetic Sciara embryos. J. Cell Biol. 141, 1383-1391.
25. Delgehyr, N., Sillibourne, J. and Bornens, M. (2005). Microtubule nucleation and anchoring at the centrosome are independent processes linked by ninein function. J. Cell Sci. 118, 1565-1575.
26. den Elzen, N., Buttery, C. V., Maddugoda, M. P., Ren, G. and Yap, A. S. (2009). Cadherin adhesion receptors orient the mitotic spindle during symmetric cell division in mammalian epithelia. Mol. Biol. Cell 20, 3740-3750.
27. Desai, A. and Mitchison, T. J. (1997). Microtubule polymerization dynamics. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 13, 83-117
28. Distel, M., Hocking, J. C., Volkmann, K. and Köster, R. W. (2010). The centrosome neither persistently leads migration nor determines the site of axonogenesis in migrating neurons in vivo. J. Cell Biol. 191, 875-890.
29. Doe, C. Q. (2008). Neural stem cells: balancing self-renewal with differentiation. Development 135, 1575-1587
30. Donnelly, E., Ascenzi, M. G. and Farnum, C. (2010). Primary cilia are highly oriented with respect to collagen direction and long axis of extensor tendon. J. Orthop. Res. 28, 77-82.
31. Dylewski, D. P. and Keenan, T. W. (1984). Centrioles in the mammary epithelium of the rat. J. Cell Sci. 72, 185-193.
32. Euteneuer, U. and Schliwa, M. (1985). Evidence for an involvement of actin in the positioning and motility of centrosomes. J. Cell Biol. 101, 96-103.
33. Euteneuer, U. and Schliwa, M. (1992). Mechanism of centrosome positioning during the wound response in BSC-1 cells. J. Cell Biol. 116, 1157-1166.
34. Farnum, C. E. and Wilsman, N. J. (2011). Orientation of primary cilia of articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional space. Anat. Rec. (Hoboken) 294, 533-549.
35. Feldman, J. L. and Marshall, W. F. (2009). ASQ2 encodes a TBCC-like protein required for mother-daughter centriole linkage and mitotic spindle orientation. Curr. Biol. 19, 1238-1243.
36. Feldman, J. L. and Priess, J. R. (2012). A role for the centrosome and PAR-3 in the hand-off of MTOC function during epithelial polarization. Curr. Biol. 22, 575-582.
37. Feldman, J. L., Geimer, S. and Marshall, W. F. (2007). The mother centriole plays an instructive role in defining cell geometry. PLoS Biol. 5, e149.
38. Finetti, F., Paccani, S. R., Riparbelli, M. G., Giacomello, E., Perinetti, G., Pazour, G. J., Rosenbaum, J. L. and Baldari, C. T. (2009). Intraflagellar transport is required for polarized recycling of the TCR/CD3 complex to the immune synapse. Nat. Cell Biol. 11, 1332-1339.
39. Fischer, E., Legue, E., Doyen, A., Nato, F., Nicolas, J. F., Torres, V., Yaniv, M. and Pontoglio, M. (2006). Defective planar cell polarity in polycystic kidney disease. Nat. Genet. 38, 21-23.
40. Fish, J. L., Kosodo, Y., Enard, W., Pääbo, S. and Huttner, W. B. (2006). Aspm specifically maintains symmetric proliferative divisions of neuroepithelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 10438-10443.
41. Frisch, D. and Farbman, A. I. (1968). Development of order during ciliogenesis. Anat. Rec. 162, 221-232.
42. Frolenkov, G. I., Belyantseva, I. A., Friedman, T. B. and Griffith, A. J. (2004). Genetic insights into the morphogenesis of inner ear hair cells. Nat. Rev. Genet. 5, 489-498.
43. Fuchs, E., Tumbar, T. and Guasch, G. (2004). Socializing with the neighbors: stem cells and their niche. Cell 116, 769-778.
44. Galli, M., Muñoz, J., Portegijs, V., Boxem, M., Grill, S. W., Heck, A. J. and van den Heuvel, S. (2011). aPKC phosphorylates NuMA-related LIN-5 to position the mitotic spindle during asymmetric division. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 1132-1138.
45. Gho, M. and Schweisguth, F. (1998). Frizzled signalling controls orientation of asymmetric sense organ precursor cell divisions in Drosophila. Nature 393, 178-181.
46. Giansanti, M. G., Gatti, M. and Bonaccorsi, S. (2001). The role of centrosomes and astral microtubules during asymmetric division of Drosophila neuroblasts. Development 128, 1137-1145.
47. Gibbons, I. R. (1961). The relationship between the fine structure and direction of beat in gill cilia of a lamellibranch mollusc. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 11, 179-205.
48. Goldstein, B. (1995). Cell contacts orient some cell division axes in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. J. Cell Biol. 129, 1071-1080.
49. Gomes, E. R., Jani, S. and Gundersen, G. G. (2005). Nuclear movement regulated by Cdc42, MRCK, myosin, and actin flow establishes MTOC polarization in migrating cells. Cell 121, 451-463.
50. Gonçalves, J., Nolasco, S., Nascimento, R., Lopez Fanarraga, M., Zabala, J. C. and Soares, H. (2010). TBCCD1, a new centrosomal protein, is required for centrosome and Golgi apparatus positioning. EMBO Rep. 11, 194-200.
51. Gong, Y., Mo, C. and Fraser, S. E. (2004). Planar cell polarity signalling controls cell division orientation during zebrafish gastrulation. Nature 430, 689-693.
52. Goodrich, L. V. and Strutt, D. (2011). Principles of planar polarity in animal development. Development 138, 1877-1892.
53. Gotlieb, A. I., May, L. M., Subrahmanyan, L. and Kalnins, V. I. (1981). Distribution of microtubule organizing centers in migrating sheets of endothelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 91, 589-594.
54. Gromley, A., Jurczyk, A., Sillibourne, J., Halilovic, E., Mogensen, M., Groisman, I., Blomberg, M. and Doxsey, S. (2003). A novel human protein of the maternal centriole is required for the final stages of cytokinesis and entry into S phase. J. Cell Biol. 161, 535-545.
55. Gudima, G. O., Vorobjev, I. A. and Chentsov, Y. S. (1988). Centriolar location during blood cell spreading and motion in vitro: an ultrastructural analysis. J. Cell Sci. 89, 225-241.
56. Guernsey, D. L., Jiang, H., Hussin, J., Arnold, M., Bouyakdan, K., Perry, S., Babineau-Sturk, T., Beis, J., Dumas, N., Evans, S. C. et al. (2010). Mutations in centrosomal protein CEP152 in primary microcephaly families linked to MCPH4. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87, 40-51.
57. Guirao, B., Meunier, A., Mortaud, S., Aguilar, A., Corsi, J. M., Strehl, L., Hirota, Y., Desoeuvre, A., Boutin, C., Han, Y. G. et al. (2010). Coupling between hydrodynamic forces and planar cell polarity orients mammalian motile cilia. Nat. Cell Biol. 12, 341-350.
58. Hagiwara, H., Kano, A., Aoki, T., Ohwada, N. and Takata, K. (2000). Localization of gamma-tubulin to the basal foot associated with the basal body extending a cilium. Histochem. J. 32, 669-671.
59. Heald, R., Tournebize, R., Blank, T., Sandaltzopoulos, R., Becker, P., Hyman, A. and Karsenti, E. (1996). Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts. Nature 382, 420-425.
60. Hirokawa, N., Tanaka, Y., Okada, Y. and Takeda, S. (2006). Nodal flow and the generation of left-right asymmetry. Cell 125, 33-45.
61. Hirokawa, N., Tanaka, Y. and Okada, Y. (2009). Left-right determination: involvement of molecular motor KIF3, cilia, and nodal flow. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 1, a000802.
62. Hirota, Y., Meunier, A., Huang, S., Shimozawa, T., Yamada, O., Kida, Y. S., Inoue, M., Ito, T., Kato, H., Sakaguchi, M. et al. (2010). Planar polarity of multiciliated ependymal cells involves the anterior migration of basal bodies regulated by nonmuscle myosin II. Development 137, 3037-3046.
63. Holy, T. E., Dogterom, M., Yurke, B. and Leibler, S. (1997). Assembly and positioning of microtubule asters in microfabricated chambers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 6228-6231.
64. Hornick, J. E., Mader, C. C., Tribble, E. K., Bagne, C. C., Vaughan, K. T., Shaw, S. L. and Hinchcliffe, E. H. (2011). Amphiastral mitotic spindle assembly in vertebrate cells lacking centrosomes. Curr. Biol. 21, 598-605.
65. Huang, A. J., Silverstein, S. C. and Malawista, S. E. (1991). Cryopreserved cytoplasts from human neutrophils migrate across monolayers of human endothelial cells in response to a chemoattractant gradient. J. Leukoc. Biol. 50, 624-627.
66. Hulspas, R., Houtsmuller, A. B., Bauman, J. G. and Nanninga, N. (1994). The centrosome moves out of a nuclear indentation in human lymphocytes upon activation. Exp. Cell Res. 215, 28-32.
67. Hyman, A. A. (1989). Centrosome movement in the early divisions of Caenorhabditis elegans: a cortical site determining centrosome position. J. Cell Biol. 109, 1185-1193.
68. Ibi, M., Zou, P., Inoko, A., Shiromizu, T., Matsuyama, M., Hayashi, Y., Enomoto, M., Mori, D., Hirotsune, S., Kiyono, T. et al. (2011). Trichoplein controls microtubule anchoring at the centrosome by binding to Odf2 and ninein. J. Cell Sci. 124, 857-864.
69. Inaba, M., Yuan, H., Salzmann, V., Fuller, M. T. and Yamashita, Y. M. (2010). Ecadherin is required for centrosome and spindle orientation in Drosophila male germline stem cells. PLoS ONE 5, e12473.
70. Ishikawa, H., Kubo, A., Tsukita, S. and Tsukita, S. (2005). Odf2-deficient mother centrioles lack distal/subdistal appendages and the ability to generate primary cilia. Nat. Cell Biol. 7, 517-524.
71. Januschke, J., Llamazares, S., Reina, J. and Gonzalez, C. (2011). Drosophila neuroblasts retain the daughter centrosome. Nat. Commun. 2, 243.
72. Jones, C., Roper, V. C., Foucher, I., Qian, D., Banizs, B., Petit, C., Yoder, B. K. and Chen, P. (2008). Ciliary proteins link basal body polarization to planar cell polarity regulation. Nat. Genet. 40, 69-77.
73. Jonsdottir, A. B., Dirks, R. W., Vrolijk, J., Ogmundsdottir, H. M., Tanke, H. J., Eyfjörd, J. E. and Szuhai, K. (2010). Centriole movements in mammalian epithelial cells during cytokinesis. BMC Cell Biol. 11, 34.
74. Jurberg, A. D., Gonçalves, T., Costa, T. A., de Mattos, A. C., Pascarelli, B. M., de Manso, P. P., Ribeiro-Alves, M., Pelajo-Machado, M., Peralta, J. M., Coelho, P. M. et al. (2009). The embryonic development of Schistosoma mansoni eggs: proposal for a new staging system. Dev. Genes Evol. 219, 219-234.
75. Karner, C., Wharton, K. A., Jr and Carroll, T. J. (2006). Planar cell polarity and vertebrate organogenesis. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 17, 194-203.
76. Katsumoto, T., Higaki, K., Ohno, K. and Onodera, K. (1994). The orientation of primary cilia during the wound response in 3Y1 cells. Biol. Cell 81, 17-21.
77. Keating, T. J. and Borisy, G. G. (1999). Centrosomal and non-centrosomal microtubules. Biol. Cell 91, 321-329.
78. Khodjakov, A. and Rieder, C. L. (2001). Centrosomes enhance the fidelity of cytokinesis in vertebrates and are required for cell cycle progression. J. Cell Biol. 153, 237-242.
79. Kiger, A. A., Jones, D. L., Schulz, C., Rogers, M. B. and Fuller, M. T. (2001). Stem cell self-renewal specified by JAK-STAT activation in response to a support cell cue. Science 294, 2542-2545.
80. Kim, M. J. and Maly, I. V. (2009). Deterministic mechanical model of T-killer cell polarization reproduces the wandering of aim between simultaneously engaged targets. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000260.
81. Kiosses, W. B., McKee, N. H. and Kalnins, V. I. (1997). The distribution of centrosomes in endothelial cells of the rat aorta and inferior vena cava. Artery 22, 251-265.
82. Klotz, C., Bordes, N., Laine, M. C., Sandoz, D. and Bornens, M. (1986). A protein of 175,000 daltons associated with striated rootlets in ciliated epithelia, as revealed by a monoclonal antibody. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 6, 56-67.
83. Koonce, M. P., Cloney, R. A. and Berns, M. W. (1984). Laser irradiation of centrosomes in newt eosinophils: evidence of centriole role in motility. J. Cell Biol. 98, 1999-2010.
84. Kumar, A., Girimaji, S. C., Duvvari, M. R. and Blanton, S. H. (2009). Mutations in STIL, encoding a pericentriolar and centrosomal protein, cause primary microcephaly. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 84, 286-290.
85. Kunimoto, K., Yamazaki, Y., Nishida, T., Shinohara, K., Ishikawa, H., Hasegawa, T., Okanoue, T., Hamada, H., Noda, T., Tamura, A. et al. (2012). Coordinated ciliary beating requires Odf2-mediated polarization of basal bodies via basal feet. Cell 148, 189-200.
86. Laan, L., Pavin, N., Husson, J., Romet-Lemonne, G., van Duijn, M., López, M. P., Vale, R. D., Jülicher, F., Reck-Peterson, S. L. and Dogterom, M. (2012) Cortical dynein controls microtubule dynamics to generate pulling forces that position microtubule asters. Cell 148, 502-514.
87. Labbé, J. C., McCarthy, E. K. and Goldstein, B. (2004). The forces that position a mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly. J. Cell Biol. 167, 245-256.
88. Lawrence, P. A., Struhl, G. and Casal, J. (2007). Planar cell polarity: one or two pathways? Nat. Rev. Genet. 8, 555-563.
89. Lechler, T. and Fuchs, E. (2005). Asymmetric cell divisions promote stratification and differentiation of mammalian skin. Nature 437, 275-280.
90. Liu, W., Xu, S., Woda, C., Kim, P., Weinbaum, S. and Satlin, L. M. (2003). Effect of flow and stretch on the [Ca2+]i response of principal and intercalated cells in cortical collecting duct. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 285, F998-F1012.
91. Louvet-Vallée, S., Vinot, S. and Maro, B. (2005). Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. Curr. Biol. 15, 464-469.
92. Lu, C. J., Du, H., Wu, J., Jansen, D. A., Jordan, K. L., Xu, N., Sieck, G. C. and Qian, Q. (2008). Non-random distribution and sensory functions of primary cilia in vascular smooth muscle cells. Kidney Blood Press. Res. 31, 171-184.
93. Lutz, D. A., Hamaguchi, Y. and Inoué, S. (1988). Micromanipulation studies of the asymmetric positioning of the maturation spindle in Chaetopterus sp. oocytes:I. Anchorage of the spindle to the cortex and migration of a displaced spindle. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 11, 83-96.
94. Marshall, W. F. and Kintner, C. (2008). Cilia orientation and the fluid mechanics of development. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 48-52.
95. Masyuk, A. I., Masyuk, T. V., Splinter, P. L., Huang, B. Q., Stroope, A. J. and LaRusso, N. F. (2006). Cholangiocyte cilia detect changes in luminal fluid flow and transmit them into intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP signaling. Gastroenterology 131, 911-920.
96. Matsumoto, T., Schiller, P., Dieterich, L. C., Bahram, F., Iribe, Y., Hellman, U., Wikner, C., Chan, G., Claesson-Welsh, L. and Dimberg, A. (2008). Ninein is expressed in the cytoplasm of angiogenic tip-cells and regulates tubular morphogenesis of endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28, 2123-2130.
97. Matsuyama, M., Aizawa, S. and Shimono, A. (2009). Sfrp controls apicobasal polarity and oriented cell division in developing gut epithelium. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000427.
98. Miller, R. K. and Rose, M. D. (1998). Kar9p is a novel cortical protein required for cytoplasmic microtubule orientation in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 140, 377-390.
99. Mishima, M. and Glotzer, M. (2003). Cytokinesis: a logical GAP. Curr. Biol. 13, R589-R591.
100. Mitchell, B., Jacobs, R., Li, J., Chien, S. and Kintner, C. (2007). A positive feedback mechanism govens the polarity and motion of motile cilia. Nature 447, 97-101.
101. Mitchell, B., Stubbs, J. L., Huisman, F., Taborek, P., Yu, C. and Kintner, C. (2009). The PCP pathway instructs the planar orientation of ciliated cells in the Xenopus larval skin. Curr. Biol. 19, 924-929.
102. Mogensen, M. M., Malik, A., Piel, M., Bouckson-Castaing, V. and Bornens, M. (2000). Microtubule minus-end anchorage at centrosomal and non-centrosomal sites: the role of ninein. J. Cell Sci. 113, 3013-3023.
103. Müsch, A. (2004). Microtubule organization and function in epithelial cells. Traffic 5, 1-9.
104. Nigg, E. A. and Stearns, T. (2011). The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries. Nat. Cell Biol. 13, 1154-1160.
105. Nonaka, S., Shiratori, H., Saijoh, Y. and Hamada, H. (2002). Determination of leftright patterning of the mouse embryo by artificial nodal flow. Nature 418, 96-99.
106. Nonaka, S., Yoshiba, S., Watanabe, D., Ikeuchi, S., Goto, T., Marshall, W. F. and Hamada, H. (2005). De novo formation of left-right asymmetry by posterior tilt of nodal cilia. PLoS Biol. 3, e268.
107. Okada, Y., Takeda, S., Tanaka, Y., Izpisua Belmonte, J. C. and Hirokawa, N. (2005). Mechanism of nodal flow: a conserved symmetry breaking event in left-right axis determination. Cell 121, 633-644.
108. Oliferenko, S., Chew, T. G. and Balasubramanian, M. K. (2009). Positioning cytokinesis. Genes Dev. 23, 660-674.
109. Paintrand, M., Moudjou, M., Delacroix, H. and Bornens, M. (1992). Centrosome organization and centriole architecture: their sensitivity to divalent cations. J. Struct. Biol. 108, 107-128.
110. Pan, J., You, Y., Huang, T. and Brody, S. L. (2007). RhoA-mediated apical actin enrichment is required for ciliogenesis and promoted by Foxj1. J. Cell Sci. 120, 1868-1876.
111. Panizzi, J. R., Jessen, J. R., Drummond, I. A. and Solnica-Krezel, L. (2007). New functions for a vertebrate Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor in ciliated epithelia. Development 134, 921-931.
112. Park, T. J., Mitchell, B. J., Abitua, P. B., Kintner, C. and Wallingford, J. B. (2008). Dishevelled controls apical docking and planar polarization of basal bodies in ciliated epithelial cells. Nat. Genet. 40, 871-879.
113. Pieczynski, J. and Margolis, B. (2011). Protein complexes that control renal epithelial polarity. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 300, F589-F601.
114. Piel, M., Meyer, P., Khodjakov, A., Rieder, C. L. and Bornens, M. (2000). The respective contributions of the mother and daughter centrioles to centrosome activity and behavior in vertebrate cells. J. Cell Biol. 149, 317-330.
115. Praetorius, H. A. and Spring, K. R. (2001). Bending the MDCK cell primary cilium increases intracellular calcium. J. Membr. Biol. 184, 71-79.
116. Rafelski, S. M., Keller, L. C., Alberts, J. B. and Marshall, W. F. (2011). Apparent diffusive motion of centrin foci in living cells: implications for diffusion-based motion in centriole duplication. Phys. Biol. 8, 026010.
117. Rauch, A., Thiel, C. T., Schindler, D., Wick, U., Crow, Y. J., Ekici, A. B., van Essen, A. J., Goecke, T. O., Al-Gazali, L., Chrzanowska, K. H. et al. (2008). Mutations in the pericentrin (PCNT) gene cause primordial dwarfism. Science 319, 816-819.
118. Rieder, C. L., Faruki, S. and Khodjakov, A. (2001). The centrosome in vertebrates: more than a microtubule-organizing center. Trends Cell Biol. 11, 413-419.
119. Rivas, R. J. and Hatten, M. E. (1995). Motility and cytoskeletal organization of migrating cerebellar granule neurons. J. Neurosci. 15, 981-989.
120. Rodionov, V. I. and Borisy, G. G. (1997). Self-centring activity of cytoplasm. Nature 386, 170-173.
121. Rodrigues-Martins, A., Riparbelli, M., Callaini, G., Glover, D. M. and Bettencourt-Dias, M. (2008). From centriole biogenesis to cellular function: centrioles are essential for cell division at critical developmental stages. Cell Cycle 7, 11-16.
122. Rogers, K. A., McKee, N. H. and Kalnins, V. I. (1985). Preferential orientation of centrioles toward the heart in endothelial cells of major blood vessels is reestablished after reversal of a segment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 3272-3276.
123. Rutland, J. and de Iongh, R. U. (1990). Random ciliary orientation. A cause of respiratory tract disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 323, 1681-1684.
124. Saburi, S., Hester, I., Fischer, E., Pontoglio, M., Eremina, V., Gessler, M., Quaggin, S. E., Harrison, R., Mount, R. and McNeill, H. (2008). Loss of Fat4 disrupts PCP signaling and oriented cell division and leads to cystic kidney disease. Nat. Genet. 40, 1010-1015.
125. Satir, P. and Christensen, S. T. (2007). Overview of structure and function of mammalian cilia. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 69, 377-400.
126. Sausedo, R. A. and Schoenwolf, G. C. (1994). Quantitative analyses of cell behaviors underlying notochord formation and extension in mouse embryos. Anat. Rec. 239, 103-112.
127. Schmoranzer, J., Fawcett, J. P., Segura, M., Tan, S., Vallee, R. B., Pawson, T. and Gundersen, G. G. (2009). Par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration. Curr. Biol. 19, 1065-1074.
128. Schneider, L., Cammer, M., Lehman, J., Nielsen, S. K., Guerra, C. F., Veland, I. R., Stock, C., Hoffmann, E. K., Yoder, B. K., Schwab, A. et al. (2010). Directional cell migration and chemotaxis in wound healing response to PDGF-AA are coordinated by the primary cilium in fibroblasts. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 25, 279-292.
129. Schoenwolf, G. C. and Alvarez, I. S. (1989). Roles of neuroepithelial cell rearrangement and division in shaping of the avian neural plate. Development 106, 427-439.
130. Schütze, K., Maniotis, A. and Schliwa, M. (1991). The position of the microtubuleorganizing center in directionally migrating fibroblasts depends on the nature of the substratum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 8367-8371.
131. Ségalen, M., Johnston, C. A., Martin, C. A., Dumortier, J. G., Prehoda, K. E., David, N. B., Doe, C. Q. and Bellaïche, Y. (2010). The Fz-Dsh planar cell polarity pathway induces oriented cell division via Mud/NuMA in Drosophila and zebrafish. Dev. Cell 19, 740-752.
132. Sepich, D. S., Usmani, M., Pawlicki, S. and Solnica-Krezel, L. (2011). Wnt/PCP signaling controls intracellular position of MTOCs during gastrulation convergence and extension movements. Development 138, 543-552.
133. Siller, K. H. and Doe, C. Q. (2009). Spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division. Nat. Cell Biol. 11, 365-374.
134. Singla, V. and Reiter, J. F. (2006). The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle. Science 313, 629-633.
135. Smith, K. R., Kieserman, E. K., Wang, P. I., Basten, S. G., Giles, R. H., Marcotte, E. M. and Wallingford, J. B. (2011). A role for central spindle proteins in cilia structure and function. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 68, 112-124.
136. Solecki, D. J., Model, L., Gaetz, J., Kapoor, T. M. and Hatten, M. E. (2004). Par6alpha signaling controls glial-guided neuronal migration. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 1195-1203.
137. Spradling, A., Drummond-Barbosa, D. and Kai, T. (2001). Stem cells find their niche. Nature 414, 98-104.
138. Stevens, N. R., Raposo, A. A., Basto, R., St Johnston, D. and Raff, J. W. (2007). From stem cell to embryo without centrioles. Curr. Biol. 17, 1498-1503.
139. Stinchcombe, J. C., Bossi, G., Booth, S. and Griffiths, G. M. (2001). The immunological synapse of CTL contains a secretory domain and membrane bridges. Immunity 15, 751-761.
140. Stinchcombe, J. C., Majorovits, E., Bossi, G., Fuller, S. and Griffiths, G. M. (2006). Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse. Nature 443, 462-465.
141. Sun, Q. Y. and Schatten, H. (2006). Role of NuMA in vertebrate cells: review of an intriguing multifunctional protein. Front. Biosci. 11, 1137-1146.
142. Szabó , B., Ünnep, R., Markó, K., Környei, Z., Méhes, E. and Czirók, A. (2011). Inhibition of myosin II triggers morphological transition and increased nuclear motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 68, 325-339.
143. Tamm, S. and Tamm, S. L. (1988). Development of macrociliary cells in Beroë. I. Actin bundles and centriole migration. J. Cell Sci. 89, 67-80.
144. Tamm, S. L., Sonneborn, T. M. and Dippell, R. V. (1975). The role of cortical orientation in the control of the direction of ciliary beat in Paramecium. J. Cell Biol. 64, 98-112.
145. Tang, N., Marshall, W. F., McMahon, M., Metzger, R. J. and Martin, G. R. (2011). Control of mitotic spindle angle by the RAS-regulated ERK1/2 pathway determines lung tube shape. Science 333, 342-345.
146. Théry, M., Racine, V., Pépin, A., Piel, M., Chen, Y., Sibarita, J. B. and Bornens, M. (2005). The extracellular matrix guides the orientation of the cell division axis. Nat. Cell Biol. 7, 947-953.
147. Théry, M., Racine, V., Piel, M., Pépin, A., Dimitrov, A., Chen, Y., Sibarita, J. B. and Bornens, M. (2006). Anisotropy of cell adhesive microenvironment governs cell internal organization and orientation of polarity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 19771-19776.
148. Théry, M., Jiménez-Dalmaroni, A., Racine, V., Bornens, M. and Jülicher, F. (2007). Experimental and theoretical study of mitotic spindle orientation. Nature 447, 493-496.
149. Tsai, J. W., Bremner, K. H. and Vallee, R. B. (2007). Dual subcellular roles for LIS1 and dynein in radial neuronal migration in live brain tissue. Nat. Neurosci. 10, 970-979.
150. Tsun, A., Qureshi, I., Stinchcombe, J. C., Jenkins, M. R., de la Roche, M., Kleczkowska, J., Zamoyska, R. and Griffiths, G. M. (2011). Centrosome docking at the immunological synapse is controlled by Lck signaling. J. Cell Biol. 192, 663-674.
151. Tulina, N. and Matunis, E. (2001). Control of stem cell self-renewal in Drosophila spermatogenesis by JAK-STAT signaling. Science 294, 2546-2549.
152. Umeshima, H., Hirano, T. and Kengaku, M. (2007). Microtubule-based nuclear movement occurs independently of centrosome positioning in migrating neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 16182-16187.
153. Vallee, R. B., Williams, J. C., Varma, D. and Barnhart, L. E. (2004). Dynein: An ancient motor protein involved in multiple modes of transport. J. Neurobiol. 58, 189-200.
154. Varmark, H., Llamazares, S., Rebollo, E., Lange, B., Reina, J., Schwarz, H. and Gonzalez, C. (2007). Asterless is a centriolar protein required for centrosome function and embryo development in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 17, 1735-1745.
155. Verkhovsky, A. B., Svitkina, T. M. and Borisy, G. G. (1999). Self-polarization and directional motility of cytoplasm. Curr. Biol. 9, 11-20.
156. Vorobjev, I. A. and Chentsov, Y. S. (1982). Centrioles in the cell cycle. I. Epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 93, 938-949.
157. Wakida, N. M., Botvinick, E. L., Lin, J. and Berns, M. W. (2010). An intact centrosome is required for the maintenance of polarization during directional cell migration. PLoS ONE 5, e15462.
158. Wang, X., Tsai, J. W., Imai, J. H., Lian, W. N., Vallee, R. B. and Shi, S. H. (2009). Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex. Nature 461, 947-955.
159. Wilson, P. G., Fuller, M. T. and Borisy, G. G. (1997). Monastral bipolar spindles: implications for dynamic centrosome organization. J. Cell Sci. 110, 451-464.
160. Xie, Z., Sanada, K., Samuels, B. A., Shih, H. and Tsai, L. H. (2003). Serine 732 phosphorylation of FAK by Cdk5 is important for microtubule organization, nuclear movement, and neuronal migration. Cell 114, 469-482.
161. Yamashita, Y. M., Mahowald, A. P., Perlin, J. R. and Fuller, M. T. (2007). Asymmetric inheritance of mother versus daughter centrosome in stem cell division. Science 315, 518-521.
162. Yates, L. L., Schnatwinkel, C., Murdoch, J. N., Bogani, D., Formstone, C. J., Townsend, S., Greenfield, A., Niswander, L. A. and Dean, C. H. (2010). The PCP genes Celsr1 and Vangl2 are required for normal lung branching morphogenesis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 19, 2251-2267.
163. Yu, T. W., Mochida, G. H., Tischfield, D. J., Sgaier, S. K., Flores-Sarnat, L., Sergi, C. M., Topçu, M., McDonald, M. T., Barry, B. J., Felie, J. M. et al. (2010). Mutations in WDR62, encoding a centrosome-associated protein, cause microcephaly with simplified gyri and abnormal cortical architecture. Nat. Genet. 42, 1015-1020.
164. Yvon, A. M., Walker, J. W., Danowski, B., Fagerstrom, C., Khodjakov, A. and Wadsworth, P. (2002). Centrosome reorientation in wound-edge cells is cell type specific. Mol. Biol. Cell 13, 1871-1880.
165. Zallen, J. A. (2007). Planar polarity and tissue morphogenesis. Cell 129, 1051-1063.
166. Zeng, G., Taylor, S. M., McColm, J. R., Kappas, N. C., Kearney, J. B., Williams, L. H., Hartnett, M. E. and Bautch, V. L. (2007). Orientation of endothelial cell division is regulated by VEGF signaling during blood vessel formation. Blood 109, 1345-1352.
167. Zhu, J., Burakov, A., Rodionov, V. and Mogilner, A. (2010). Finding the cell center by a balance of dynein and myosin pulling and microtubule pushing: a computational study. Mol. Biol. Cell 21, 4418-4427.
168. Zmuda, J. F. and Rivas, R. J. (1998). The Golgi apparatus and the centrosome are localized to the sites of newly emerging axons in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 41, 18-38.