메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue , 2012, Pages 357-367

Critical evaluation of the role of acarbose in the treatment of diabetes: Patient considerations

Author keywords

Acarbose; Patient considerations; Prediabetes; Side effects; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ACARBOSE; AMINOTRANSFERASE; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; DIURETIC AGENT; GLINIDE DERIVATIVE; GLIPTINE DERIVATIVE; GLITAZONE DERIVATIVE; GLUCAGON; GLUTIDE DERIVATIVE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; METFORMIN; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; ROSIGLITAZONE; SITAGLIPTIN; SULFONYLUREA; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VILDAGLIPTIN;

EID: 84872311972     PISSN: 11787007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s28340     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (166)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 77951089891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Diabetes Federation, 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, Accessed May 16, 2012
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 5th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2011. Available from: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas. Accessed May 16, 2012.
    • (2011) IDF Diabetes Atlas
  • 2
    • 0035847591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality
    • The DECODE Study Group
    • The DECODE Study Group. Glucose tolerance and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:397-404.
    • (2001) Arch Intern Med , vol.161 , pp. 397-404
  • 3
    • 0026035038 scopus 로고
    • Effect of acarbose on diabetic late complications and risk factors - new animal experimental results
    • Bischoff H. Effect of acarbose on diabetic late complications and risk factors - new animal experimental results. Akt Endokr Stoffw. 1991;12:25-32.
    • (1991) Akt Endokr Stoffw , vol.12 , pp. 25-32
    • Bischoff, H.1
  • 4
    • 0002737283 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of carbohydrates
    • In: Caspary WF, editor, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Excerpta Medica
    • Elsenhans B, Caspary WF. Absorption of carbohydrates. In: Caspary WF, editor. Structure and Function of the Small Intestine. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Excerpta Medica; 1987.
    • (1987) Structure and Function of the Small Intestine
    • Elsenhans, B.1    Caspary, W.F.2
  • 5
    • 0000008612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of glucosidase inhibitors
    • In: Kuhlmann J, Puls W, editors, Berlin, Germany: Springer
    • Puls W. Pharmacology of glucosidase inhibitors. In: Kuhlmann J, Puls W, editors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology: Oral Antidiabetics. Volume 119. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1996.
    • (1996) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology: Oral Antidiabetics , vol.119
    • Puls, W.1
  • 6
    • 84872292375 scopus 로고
    • Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, a new therapeutic principle in the management of diabetes mellitus
    • In: Schwartz CJ, Born GVR, editors, London, UK: Current Science
    • Bischoff H. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition, a new therapeutic principle in the management of diabetes mellitus. In: Schwartz CJ, Born GVR, editors. New Horizons in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease. London, UK: Current Science; 1995.
    • (1995) New Horizons In Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease
    • Bischoff, H.1
  • 7
    • 70349784729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acarbose on proinsulin and insulin secretion and their potential significance for the intermediary metabolism and cardiovascular system
    • Rosak C, Mertes G. Effects of acarbose on proinsulin and insulin secretion and their potential significance for the intermediary metabolism and cardiovascular system. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2009;5:157-164.
    • (2009) Curr Diabetes Rev , vol.5 , pp. 157-164
    • Rosak, C.1    Mertes, G.2
  • 8
    • 15944414254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinsulin concentration is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: An 11-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study
    • Alessema M, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CDA, Bouter LM, Heine RJ. Proinsulin concentration is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: an 11-year follow-up of the Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:860-865.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 860-865
    • Alessema, M.1    Dekker, J.M.2    Nijpels, G.3    Stehouwer, C.D.A.4    Bouter, L.M.5    Heine, R.J.6
  • 9
    • 0029147672 scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) [17-36 amide] secretion in response to luminal sucrose from the upper and lower gut: A study using alpha-glucosidase inhibition (acarbose)
    • Qualmann C, Nauck MA, Holst JJ, Orskov C, Creutzfeldt W. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) [17-36 amide] secretion in response to luminal sucrose from the upper and lower gut: a study using alpha-glucosidase inhibition (acarbose). Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995;30:892-896.
    • (1995) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.30 , pp. 892-896
    • Qualmann, C.1    Nauck, M.A.2    Holst, J.J.3    Orskov, C.4    Creutzfeldt, W.5
  • 10
    • 0028784208 scopus 로고
    • Voglibose is an efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and mobilizes the endogenous GLP-1 reserve
    • Göke B, Fuder H, Wieckhorst G, et al Voglibose is an efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and mobilizes the endogenous GLP-1 reserve. Digestion. 1995;56:493-501.
    • (1995) Digestion , vol.56 , pp. 493-501
    • Göke, B.1    Fuder, H.2    Wieckhorst, G.3    et al4
  • 11
    • 0030806467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The postprandial state and the risk of atherosclerosis
    • Hanefeld M, Temelkowa-Kurktschiev T. The postprandial state and the risk of atherosclerosis. Diab Med. 1997;14:S6-S11.
    • (1997) Diab Med , vol.14
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Temelkowa-Kurktschiev, T.2
  • 12
    • 0031880436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated postprandial hyperglycemia and the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in older woman and men. The Rancho Bernardo Study
    • Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Isolated postprandial hyperglycemia and the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in older woman and men. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Diabetes. 1998;21:1236-1240.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.21 , pp. 1236-1240
    • Barrett-Connor, E.1    Ferrara, A.2
  • 13
    • 0032775825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: The Hoorn Study
    • de Vegt F, Dekker JM, Ruhè HG, Stehouwer CDA, Nijpels GBLM, Heine RJ. Hyperglycemia is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the Hoorn population: the Hoorn Study. Diabetologia. 1999;42:926-931.
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 926-931
    • de Vegt, F.1    Dekker, J.M.2    Ruhè, H.G.3    Stehouwer, C.D.A.4    Nijpels, G.B.L.M.5    Heine, R.J.6
  • 14
    • 0030942586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia in humans are reversed by L-arginine. Evidence for reduced availability of nitric oxide during hyperglycemia
    • Giugliano D, Marfella R, Coppola L, etal Vascular effects of acute hyperglycemia in humans are reversed by L-arginine. Evidence for reduced availability of nitric oxide during hyperglycemia. Circulation. 1997;95:1783-1790.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 1783-1790
    • Giugliano, D.1    Marfella, R.2    Coppola, L.3    et al4
  • 15
    • 0033165758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery
    • Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirashima O, etal Hyperglycemia rapidly suppresses flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of brachial artery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:146-154.
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.34 , pp. 146-154
    • Kawano, H.1    Motoyama, T.2    Hirashima, O.3    et al4
  • 16
    • 0031897387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia-induced circulating ICAM-1increase in diabetes mellitus: The possible role of oxidative stress
    • Ceriello A, Falleti E, Motz E, etal. Hyperglycemia-induced circulating ICAM-1increase in diabetes mellitus: the possible role of oxidative stress. Horm Metab Res. 1998;30:146-149.
    • (1998) Horm Metab Res , vol.30 , pp. 146-149
    • Ceriello, A.1    Falleti, E.2    Motz, E.3
  • 17
    • 0034674003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating adhesion molecules in humans: Role of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia
    • Marfella R, Esposito K, Giunta R, etal. Circulating adhesion molecules in humans: role of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Circulation. 2000;101:2247-2251.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , pp. 2247-2251
    • Marfella, R.1    Esposito, K.2    Giunta, R.3
  • 18
    • 0037109184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: Role of oxidative stress
    • Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, etal. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. 2002;106:2067-2072.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 2067-2072
    • Esposito, K.1    Nappo, F.2    Marfella, R.3
  • 19
    • 0036433019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • C-reactive protein is more strongly related to post-glucose load glucose than to fasting glucose in non-diabetic subjects; the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
    • Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr, Tracy RP, Haffner SM. C-reactive protein is more strongly related to post-glucose load glucose than to fasting glucose in non-diabetic subjects; the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diab Med. 2002;19:939-943.
    • (2002) Diab Med , vol.19 , pp. 939-943
    • Festa, A.1    D'agostino Jr., R.2    Tracy, R.P.3    Haffner, S.M.4
  • 20
    • 33644821275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a single administration of acarbose on postprandial glucose excursion and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized crossover study
    • Shimabukuro M, Higa N, Chinen I, Yamakawa K, Takasu N. Effects of a single administration of acarbose on postprandial glucose excursion and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:837-842.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 837-842
    • Shimabukuro, M.1    Higa, N.2    Chinen, I.3    Yamakawa, K.4    Takasu, N.5
  • 21
    • 24144470783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of postchallenge hyperglycemia prevents acute endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Wascher TC, Schmoelzer I, Wiegratz A, etal. Reduction of postchallenge hyperglycemia prevents acute endothelial dysfunction in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Clin Invest. 2005;35:551-557.
    • (2005) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.35 , pp. 551-557
    • Wascher, T.C.1    Schmoelzer, I.2    Wiegratz, A.3
  • 22
    • 77952267060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial endothelial dysfunction in subjects with new-onset type 2 diabetes: An acarbose and nateglinide comparative study
    • Kato T, Inoue T, Node K. Postprandial endothelial dysfunction in subjects with new-onset type 2 diabetes: an acarbose and nateglinide comparative study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2010;9:12-16.
    • (2010) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.9 , pp. 12-16
    • Kato, T.1    Inoue, T.2    Node, K.3
  • 23
    • 2142699544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Hanefeld M, Chiasson JL, Koehler C, Henkel E, Schaper F, Temelkova-Kurktschiev T. Acarbose slows progression of intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Stroke. 2004;35:1073-1078.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , pp. 1073-1078
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Chiasson, J.L.2    Koehler, C.3    Henkel, E.4    Schaper, F.5    Temelkova-Kurktschiev, T.6
  • 24
    • 0036395954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects on blood pressure of the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor acarbose compared with the insulin enhancer glibenclamide in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Rosenthal JH, Mauersberger H. Effects on blood pressure of the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor acarbose compared with the insulin enhancer glibenclamide in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Drug Investig. 2002;22:695-701.
    • (2002) Clin Drug Investig , vol.22 , pp. 695-701
    • Rosenthal, J.H.1    Mauersberger, H.2
  • 25
    • 0346727578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: Meta-analysis of seven long-term studies
    • Hanefeld M, Catagay M, Petrowitsch T, Neuser D, Petzinna D, Rupp M. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25:10-16.
    • (2004) Eur Heart J , vol.25 , pp. 10-16
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Catagay, M.2    Petrowitsch, T.3    Neuser, D.4    Petzinna, D.5    Rupp, M.6
  • 26
    • 35548940574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of serum C-reactive protein level in different glucose tolerant subjects and the change in serum CRP level in IGT subjects with acarbose
    • Wang X, Lu J, Pan C. Comparison of serum C-reactive protein level in different glucose tolerant subjects and the change in serum CRP level in IGT subjects with acarbose. Chin J Endocrinol Metab. 2003;19: 254-256.
    • (2003) Chin J Endocrinol Metab , vol.19 , pp. 254-256
    • Wang, X.1    Lu, J.2    Pan, C.3
  • 27
    • 4444302990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes reduces NF-kappaB activation in PBMCs
    • Rudofski G, Reismann P, Schiekofer S. Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes reduces NF-kappaB activation in PBMCs. Horm Metab Res. 2004;36:630-638.
    • (2004) Horm Metab Res , vol.36 , pp. 630-638
    • Rudofski, G.1    Reismann, P.2    Schiekofer, S.3
  • 28
    • 0023217040 scopus 로고
    • The effect of short-term alpha-glucosidase inhibition on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetics
    • Baron AD, Eckel RH, Schmeiser L, Kolterman OG. The effect of short-term alpha-glucosidase inhibition on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetics. Metabolism. 1987;36:409-415.
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 409-415
    • Baron, A.D.1    Eckel, R.H.2    Schmeiser, L.3    Kolterman, O.G.4
  • 29
    • 0031872922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of acarbose on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Kado S, Murakami T, Aoki A, etal Effect of acarbose on postprandial lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Res Clin Pract. 1998; 41:49-55.
    • (1998) Diab Res Clin Pract , vol.41 , pp. 49-55
    • Kado, S.1    Murakami, T.2    Aoki, A.3    et al4
  • 31
    • 4444293785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose lowers serum triglyceride and postprandial chylomicron levels in type 2 diabetes
    • Ogawa S, Takeuchi K, Ito S. Acarbose lowers serum triglyceride and postprandial chylomicron levels in type 2 diabetes. Diab Obes Metab. 2004;6:384-390.
    • (2004) Diab Obes Metab , vol.6 , pp. 384-390
    • Ogawa, S.1    Takeuchi, K.2    Ito, S.3
  • 32
    • 13244268615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial dysmetabolism and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
    • Tushuizen ME, Diamant M, Heine RJ. Postprandial dysmetabolism and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81:1-6.
    • (2005) Postgrad Med J , vol.81 , pp. 1-6
    • Tushuizen, M.E.1    Diamant, M.2    Heine, R.J.3
  • 33
    • 0029863531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-meal coagulation activation in diabetes mellitus: The effect of acarbose
    • Ceriello A, Taboga C, Tonutti L, etal Post-meal coagulation activation in diabetes mellitus: the effect of acarbose. Diabetologia. 1996;39: 469-473.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 469-473
    • Ceriello, A.1    Taboga, C.2    Tonutti, L.3    et al4
  • 34
    • 33750409312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased fibrinogen by treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose
    • Tschoepe D. Decreased fibrinogen by treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. Diabetes. 2004;53 Suppl 2:A189.
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Tschoepe, D.1
  • 35
    • 33745179832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose improves fibrinolytic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Shinoda Y, Inoue I, Nakano T, etal. Acarbose improves fibrinolytic activity in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Metabolism. 2006; 55:935-939.
    • (2006) Metabolism , vol.55 , pp. 935-939
    • Shinoda, Y.1    Inoue, I.2    Nakano, T.3    et al4
  • 36
    • 0032857230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in newly diagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance: Comparison of 1997ADA and WHO criteria
    • Rathmann W, Giani G, Mielck A. Cardiovascular risk factors in newly diagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance: comparison of 1997ADA and WHO criteria. Diabetologia. 1999;42:1268-1269.
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 1268-1269
    • Rathmann, W.1    Giani, G.2    Mielck, A.3
  • 37
    • 0032902850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events: A metaregression analysis of published data from 20studies of 95,783individuals followed for 12.4 years
    • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yussuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events: a metaregression analysis of published data from 20studies of 95,783individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:233-240.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 233-240
    • Coutinho, M.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Wang, Y.3    Yussuf, S.4
  • 38
    • 0032908858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes
    • Laakso M. Hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1999;48:937-942.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 937-942
    • Laakso, M.1
  • 39
    • 0037097039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The STOP-NIDDM randomised trial
    • Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the STOP-NIDDM randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:2072-2077.
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.359 , pp. 2072-2077
    • Chiasson, J.L.1    Josse, R.G.2    Gomis, R.3    Hanefeld, M.4    Karasik, A.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 40
    • 0038455703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. The STOP-NIDDM Trial
    • Chiasson J-L, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. The STOP-NIDDM Trial. JAMA. 2003;290:486-494.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 486-494
    • Chiasson, J.-L.1    Josse, R.G.2    Gomis, R.3    Hanefeld, M.4    Karasik, A.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 41
    • 84862753019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with incident cases of hypertension: A post-hoc analysis of the STOP-NIDDM trial
    • Hanefeld M, Pistrosch F, Koehler C, Chiasson JL. Conversion of IGT to type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with incident cases of hypertension: a post-hoc analysis of the STOP-NIDDM trial. J Hypertens. 2012;30:1440-1443.
    • (2012) J Hypertens , vol.30 , pp. 1440-1443
    • Hanefeld, M.1    Pistrosch, F.2    Koehler, C.3    Chiasson, J.L.4
  • 43
    • 0029064970 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial comparing acarbose (Bay g 5421) with placebo, tolbutamide and tolbutamide-plus-acarbose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Coniff RF, Shapiro JA, Seaton TB, Bray GA. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial comparing acarbose (Bay g 5421) with placebo, tolbutamide and tolbutamide-plus-acarbose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1995;98:443-451.
    • (1995) Am J Med , vol.98 , pp. 443-451
    • Coniff, R.F.1    Shapiro, J.A.2    Seaton, T.B.3    Bray, G.A.4
  • 44
    • 0036316750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of combination treatment with acarbose and glibenclamide on postprandial glucose and insulin profiles: Additive blood glucose lowering effect and decreased hypoglycaemia
    • Rosak C, Haupt E, Walter T, Werner J. The effect of combination treatment with acarbose and glibenclamide on postprandial glucose and insulin profiles: additive blood glucose lowering effect and decreased hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 2002;15:143-151.
    • (2002) Diabetes Nutr Metab , vol.15 , pp. 143-151
    • Rosak, C.1    Haupt, E.2    Walter, T.3    Werner, J.4
  • 45
    • 77950891085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes
    • Phung OJ, Scholle JM, Talwar M, Coleman CI. Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2010;303: 1410-1418.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 1410-1418
    • Phung, O.J.1    Scholle, J.M.2    Talwar, M.3    Coleman, C.I.4
  • 46
    • 80052706816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of α-glucosidase inhibitor on glucose variability compared with sulfonylurea in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin: Preliminary data
    • Lin SD, Wang JS, Hsu SR, etal. The beneficial effect of α-glucosidase inhibitor on glucose variability compared with sulfonylurea in Taiwanese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled with metformin: preliminary data. J Diabetes Complications. 2011;25:332-338.
    • (2011) J Diabetes Complications , vol.25 , pp. 332-338
    • Lin, S.D.1    Wang, J.S.2    Hsu, S.R.3    et al4
  • 47
    • 79960562361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic pharmacotherapy and anamnestic hypoglycemia in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients - an analysis of the DiaRegis registry
    • Tschöpe D, Bramlage P, Binz C, etal. Antidiabetic pharmacotherapy and anamnestic hypoglycemia in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients - an analysis of the DiaRegis registry. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;10:66.
    • (2011) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.10 , pp. 66
    • Tschöpe, D.1    Bramlage, P.2    Binz, C.3    et al4
  • 48
    • 11844294865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes. Results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
    • van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans LP, van de Lisdonk EH, Rutten GE, van Weel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes. Results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:154-163.
    • (2005) Diabetes Care , vol.28 , pp. 154-163
    • van de Laar, F.A.1    Lucassen, P.L.2    Akkermans, L.P.3    van de Lisdonk, E.H.4    Rutten, G.E.5    van Weel, C.6
  • 49
    • 34548609993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review: Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Bolen S, Feldmann L, Vassy J, etal. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:386-399.
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 386-399
    • Bolen, S.1    Feldmann, L.2    Vassy, J.3    et al4
  • 50
    • 35048874614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with newly initiated insulin therapy
    • On behalf of the Acarbose-Insulin Combination Study Group
    • Schnell O, Mertes G, Standl E, On behalf of the Acarbose-Insulin Combination Study Group. Acarbose and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with newly initiated insulin therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9:853-888.
    • (2007) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.9 , pp. 853-888
    • Schnell, O.1    Mertes, G.2    Standl, E.3
  • 51
    • 79954621531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International noninterventional study of acarbose treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Li C, Hung YJ, Quamruddin K, Aziz MFA, Stein H, Schmidt B. International noninterventional study of acarbose treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2011;92: 57-64.
    • (2011) Diab Res Clin Pract , vol.92 , pp. 57-64
    • Li, C.1    Hung, Y.J.2    Quamruddin, K.3    Aziz, M.F.A.4    Stein, H.5    Schmidt, B.6
  • 52
    • 0032885589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
    • Willms B, Ruge D. Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Diabet Med. 1999;16:755-761.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 755-761
    • Willms, B.1    Ruge, D.2
  • 53
    • 41749106662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of vildagliptin and acarbose monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial
    • Pan C, Yang W, Barona JP, etal. Comparison of vildagliptin and acarbose monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial. Diabet Med. 2008;25:435-441.
    • (2008) Diabet Med , vol.25 , pp. 435-441
    • Pan, C.1    Yang, W.2    Barona, J.P.3    et al4
  • 54
    • 67149146438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): A multicentre, randomised, open-label trial
    • Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H, etal. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet. 2009;373:2125-2135.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 2125-2135
    • Home, P.D.1    Pocock, S.J.2    Beck-Nielsen, H.3    et al4
  • 56
    • 0033046464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind trial of acarbose in type 2 diabetes shows improved glycemic control over 3 years (UKPDS 44)
    • On behalf of the UKPDS Study Group
    • Holman RR, Turner RC, Cull CA, On behalf of the UKPDS Study Group. A randomized double-blind trial of acarbose in type 2 diabetes shows improved glycemic control over 3 years (UKPDS 44). Diabetes Care. 1999;22:960-964.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 960-964
    • Holman, R.R.1    Turner, R.C.2    Cull, C.A.3
  • 57
    • 0031748116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European study on dose-response relationship of acarbose as a first-line drug in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Fischer S, Hanefeld M, Spengler M, Boehme K, Temelkowa-Kurktschiev T. European study on dose-response relationship of acarbose as a first-line drug in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 1998;35:34-40.
    • (1998) Acta Diabetol , vol.35 , pp. 34-40
    • Fischer, S.1    Hanefeld, M.2    Spengler, M.3    Boehme, K.4    Temelkowa-Kurktschiev, T.5
  • 58
    • 0032716158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acarbose treatment in type 2 diabetic patients under dietary training: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year study
    • Hasche H, Mertes G, Bruns C, etal. Effects of acarbose treatment in type 2 diabetic patients under dietary training: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year study. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1999;12: 277-285.
    • (1999) Diabetes Nutr Metab , vol.12 , pp. 277-285
    • Hasche, H.1    Mertes, G.2    Bruns, C.3    et al4
  • 59
    • 0035030824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: Data from a 5-year surveillance study
    • Mertes G. Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2001;52:193-204.
    • (2001) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.52 , pp. 193-204
    • Mertes, G.1
  • 60
    • 0019797927 scopus 로고
    • Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in elderly and young adults
    • Brauer PM, Slavin JL, Marlett JA. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in elderly and young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34: 1061-1070.
    • (1981) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.34 , pp. 1061-1070
    • Brauer, P.M.1    Slavin, J.L.2    Marlett, J.A.3
  • 62
    • 0018162754 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal disaccharidase activities in relation to age, race and mucosal damage
    • Welsh JD, Poley JR, Bhatia M, Stevenson DE. Intestinal disaccharidase activities in relation to age, race and mucosal damage. Gastroenterology. 1978;75:847-855.
    • (1978) Gastroenterology , vol.75 , pp. 847-855
    • Welsh, J.D.1    Poley, J.R.2    Bhatia, M.3    Stevenson, D.E.4
  • 63
    • 0031777678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PROTECT study: Final results of a large multicenter postmarketing study in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • on behalf of the PROTECT Study Group
    • Buse J, Hart K, Minasi LA, on behalf of the PROTECT Study Group. The PROTECT study: Final results of a large multicenter postmarketing study in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 1998;20:257-269.
    • (1998) Clin Ther , vol.20 , pp. 257-269
    • Buse, J.1    Hart, K.2    Minasi, L.A.3
  • 64
    • 24944497145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of acarbose in patients with diabetes mellitus - a postmarketing surveillance study
    • Spengler M, Schmitz H, Landen H. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of acarbose in patients with diabetes mellitus - a postmarketing surveillance study. Clin Drug Investig. 2005;25:651-659.
    • (2005) Clin Drug Investig , vol.25 , pp. 651-659
    • Spengler, M.1    Schmitz, H.2    Landen, H.3
  • 65
    • 34249898882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-marketing surveillance of acarbose treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subjects with IGT in China
    • Pan CY, Landen H. Post-marketing surveillance of acarbose treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subjects with IGT in China. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27:397-405.
    • (2007) Clin Drug Investig , vol.27 , pp. 397-405
    • Pan, C.Y.1    Landen, H.2
  • 66
    • 0027485681 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of two different dosages of acarbose in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients treated by dietalone
    • Santeusiano F, Ventura MM, Contadini S, etal Efficacy and safety of two different dosages of acarbose in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients treated by dietalone. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1993;6:147-154.
    • (1993) Diabetes Nutr Metab , vol.6 , pp. 147-154
    • Santeusiano, F.1    Ventura, M.M.2    Contadini, S.3    et al4
  • 67
    • 0021358292 scopus 로고
    • The effects of an alpha-glucosidase hydrolase inhibitor on glycemia and the absorption of sucrose in man determined using a tracer method
    • Radziuk J, Kemmer F, Morishima T, Berchtold P, Vranic M. The effects of an alpha-glucosidase hydrolase inhibitor on glycemia and the absorption of sucrose in man determined using a tracer method. Diabetes. 1984;33:207-213.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 207-213
    • Radziuk, J.1    Kemmer, F.2    Morishima, T.3    Berchtold, P.4    Vranic, M.5
  • 68
    • 0028798236 scopus 로고
    • Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von einschleichend dosierter Acarbose bei Patienten mit nichtinsulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus unter Sulfonylharnstofftherapie
    • German
    • May C. Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von einschleichend dosierter Acarbose bei Patienten mit nichtinsulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus unter Sulfonylharnstofftherapie. Diabetes Stoffwechsel. 1995;4:3-8. German.
    • (1995) Diabetes Stoffwechsel , vol.4 , pp. 3-8
    • May, C.1
  • 70
    • 72449129937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of acarbose on blood glucose and breath hydrogen after carbohydrate load with sucrose or starch
    • Koytchev R, Richter W, Erkent U, etal. Influence of acarbose on blood glucose and breath hydrogen after carbohydrate load with sucrose or starch. Arzneimittelforschung. 2009;59:557-563.
    • (2009) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.59 , pp. 557-563
    • Koytchev, R.1    Richter, W.2    Erkent, U.3    et al4
  • 71
    • 77958172772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Sherifali D, Nerenberg K, Pullenayegum E, Cheng JE, Gerstein HC. The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:1859-1864.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1859-1864
    • Sherifali, D.1    Nerenberg, K.2    Pullenayegum, E.3    Cheng, J.E.4    Gerstein, H.C.5
  • 72
    • 0029658824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the glycemic effects of sulfonylureas
    • Ashcroft FM. Mechanism of the glycemic effects of sulfonylureas. Horm Metab Res. 1996;28:456-463.
    • (1996) Horm Metab Res , vol.28 , pp. 456-463
    • Ashcroft, F.M.1
  • 74
    • 0029839401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of sulphonylurea derivatives with vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels in humans
    • Bijlstra PJ, Luttermann JA, Russel FGM, Thien T, Smits P. Interaction of sulphonylurea derivatives with vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels in humans. Diabetologia. 1996;39:1083-1090.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1083-1090
    • Bijlstra, P.J.1    Luttermann, J.A.2    Russel, F.G.M.3    Thien, T.4    Smits, P.5
  • 75
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive Blood-glucose Control With Sulphonylureas Or Insulin Compared With Conventional Treatment and Risk of Complications In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 77
    • 0031726609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repaglinide, a novel short-acting hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Guay DRP. Repaglinide, a novel short-acting hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy. 1998;18:1195-1204.
    • (1998) Pharmacotherapy , vol.18 , pp. 1195-1204
    • Guay, D.R.P.1
  • 81
    • 0032758172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metformin on patients with impaired glucose tolerance
    • Li CL, Pan CY, Lu JM, etal. Effect of metformin on patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabet Med. 1999;16:477-481.
    • (1999) Diabet Med , vol.16 , pp. 477-481
    • Li, C.L.1    Pan, C.Y.2    Lu, J.M.3    et al4
  • 82
    • 0000941803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The preventive effect of acarbose and metformin on the progression to diabetes mellitus in the IGT population: A 3-year multicenter prospective study
    • Yang W, Lin L, Qi J, etal. The preventive effect of acarbose and metformin on the progression to diabetes mellitus in the IGT population: a 3-year multicenter prospective study. Chin J Endocrinol Metab. 2001;17:131-136.
    • (2001) Chin J Endocrinol Metab , vol.17 , pp. 131-136
    • Yang, W.1    Lin, L.2    Qi, J.3    et al4
  • 83
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356:2457-2471.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.356 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 84
    • 77954988618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone
    • Graham DJ, Ouellet-Hellstrom R, MaCurdy TE, etal Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. JAMA. 2010;304:411-418.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 411-418
    • Graham, D.J.1    Ouellet-Hellstrom, R.2    Macurdy, T.E.3    et al4
  • 85
    • 77958189793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients treated with thiazolidinediones in a managed-care population
    • Wertz DA, Chang CL, Sarawate CA, Willey VJ, Cziraky MJ, Bohn RL. Risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients treated with thiazolidinediones in a managed-care population. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010;3:538-545.
    • (2010) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.3 , pp. 538-545
    • Wertz, D.A.1    Chang, C.L.2    Sarawate, C.A.3    Willey, V.J.4    Cziraky, M.J.5    Bohn, R.L.6
  • 86
    • 79953203593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: Systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies
    • Loke YK, Kwok CS, Singh S. Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. BMJ. 2011;342:d1309.
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.342
    • Loke, Y.K.1    Kwok, C.S.2    Singh, S.3
  • 87
    • 48649095960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes
    • Kahn SE, Zinman B, Lachin JM, etal. Rosiglitazone-associated fractures in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:845-851.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 845-851
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Zinman, B.2    Lachin, J.M.3    et al4
  • 89
    • 84863694353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between thiazolidinedione treatment and risk of macular edema among patients with type 2 diabetes
    • June 11, 2012. [Epub ahead of print
    • Idris I, Warren G, Donnelly R. Association between thiazolidinedione treatment and risk of macular edema among patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Intern Med. June 11, 2012. [Epub ahead of print.]
    • Arch Intern Med
    • Idris, I.1    Warren, G.2    Donnelly, R.3
  • 90
    • 80051975559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the association of pioglitazone use and bladder cancer through drug adverse event reporting
    • Piccinni C, Motola D, Marchesini G, Poluzzi E. Assessing the association of pioglitazone use and bladder cancer through drug adverse event reporting. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1369-1371.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 1369-1371
    • Piccinni, C.1    Motola, D.2    Marchesini, G.3    Poluzzi, E.4
  • 91
    • 33845405222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy
    • Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, etal. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2008;355:2427-2443.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , pp. 2427-2443
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Haffner, S.M.2    Heise, M.A.3    et al4
  • 92
    • 79955692835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for central nervous system PPAR-γ in the regulation of energy balance
    • Ryan KK, Li B, Grayson BE, Matter EK, Woods SC, Seeeley RJ. A role for central nervous system PPAR-γ in the regulation of energy balance. Nat Med. 2011;17:623-626.
    • (2011) Nat Med , vol.17 , pp. 623-626
    • Ryan, K.K.1    Li, B.2    Grayson, B.E.3    Matter, E.K.4    Woods, S.C.5    Seeeley, R.J.6
  • 94
    • 34447267513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
    • Amori RE, Lau J, Pittas AG. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA. 2007; 298:194-206.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 194-206
    • Amori, R.E.1    Lau, J.2    Pittas, A.G.3
  • 95
    • 77951069227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies: A pooled analysis of data from 10,246 patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Williams-Herman D, Engel SS, Round E, etal. Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies: a pooled analysis of data from 10,246 patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord. 2010;10:7-11.
    • (2010) BMC Endocr Disord , vol.10 , pp. 7-11
    • Williams-Herman, D.1    Engel, S.S.2    Round, E.3    et al4
  • 96
    • 52249111564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes
    • Richter B, Bandeira-Echtler E, Bergerhoff K, Lerch C. Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-4inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008;4:753-768.
    • (2008) Vasc Health Risk Manag , vol.4 , pp. 753-768
    • Richter, B.1    Bandeira-Echtler, E.2    Bergerhoff, K.3    Lerch, C.4
  • 98
    • 79959559653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies
    • Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, Elashoff R, Butler PC. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:150-156.
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 150-156
    • Elashoff, M.1    Matveyenko, A.V.2    Gier, B.3    Elashoff, R.4    Butler, P.C.5
  • 100
    • 0030066421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of acarbose
    • Salvatore T, Giugliano D. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of acarbose. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996;30:94-106.
    • (1996) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.30 , pp. 94-106
    • Salvatore, T.1    Giugliano, D.2
  • 101
    • 0024317398 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of acarbose, Part II: Distribution to and elimination from tissues and organs following single or repeated administration of [14C] acarbose to rats, dogs and man
    • Ahr HJ, Krause HP, Siefert HM, Steinke W, Weber H. Pharmacokinetics of acarbose, Part II: Distribution to and elimination from tissues and organs following single or repeated administration of [14C] acarbose to rats, dogs and man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1989;39:1261-1267.
    • (1989) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.39 , pp. 1261-1267
    • Ahr, H.J.1    Krause, H.P.2    Siefert, H.M.3    Steinke, W.4    Weber, H.5
  • 102
    • 0030935018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose: A review of US clinical experience
    • Coniff RF, Krol A. Acarbose: a review of US clinical experience. Clin Ther. 1997;19:16-26.
    • (1997) Clin Ther , vol.19 , pp. 16-26
    • Coniff, R.F.1    Krol, A.2
  • 103
    • 0031762954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors as agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Lebovitz HE. Alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors as agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Reviews. 1998;6:132-145.
    • (1998) Diabetes Reviews , vol.6 , pp. 132-145
    • Lebovitz, H.E.1
  • 104
    • 84872354723 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness and tolerability of the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor acarbose in NIDDM patients with elevated liver enzyme activity
    • In: Creutzfeldt W, editor, Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag
    • Haupt E, Hillebrand I, Pfeiffer H. Effectiveness and tolerability of the alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor acarbose in NIDDM patients with elevated liver enzyme activity. In: Creutzfeldt W, editor. Acarbose for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag; 1988.
    • (1988) Acarbose For the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
    • Haupt, E.1    Hillebrand, I.2    Pfeiffer, H.3
  • 106
    • 0030732595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safe and effective treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with chronic liver diseases with an alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor, acarbose
    • Kihara Y, Ogami Y, Tabaru A, Unoki H, Otsuki M. Safe and effective treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with chronic liver diseases with an alpha-glucosidase-inhibitor, acarbose. Gastroenterology. 1997;6:777-782.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.6 , pp. 777-782
    • Kihara, Y.1    Ogami, Y.2    Tabaru, A.3    Unoki, H.4    Otsuki, M.5
  • 107
    • 49649098865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the combination of sulfonylureas and metformin associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality? A meta-analysis
    • Rao AD, Reynolds K, Kuhadiya N, Fonsera VA. Is the combination of sulfonylureas and metformin associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality? A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1672-1678.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 1672-1678
    • Rao, A.D.1    Reynolds, K.2    Kuhadiya, N.3    Fonsera, V.A.4
  • 108
    • 0028828123 scopus 로고
    • The effect of timing and the administration of acarbose on postprandial hyperglycemia
    • Rosak C, Nitzsche G, Konig P, Hofmann U. The effect of timing and the administration of acarbose on postprandial hyperglycemia. Diab Med. 1995;12:979-984.
    • (1995) Diab Med , vol.12 , pp. 979-984
    • Rosak, C.1    Nitzsche, G.2    Konig, P.3    Hofmann, U.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.