Common ultramarathon injuries and illnesses: Race day management

Current Sports Medicine Reports

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 290-297

  Khodaee, Morteza ^a   Ansari, Majid ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (Iran)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; SODIUM;

ABRASION; ACHILLES TENDINITIS; ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS; ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION; ALTITUDE DISEASE; ANKLE INSTABILITY; ANTERIOR TIBIAL TENDINOPATHY; ARTICLE; BLISTER; CALLUS; CHRONIC EXERTIONAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMMON COLD; COMPARTMENT SYNDROME; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; EDEMA; EXERCISE ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA; EXERCISE ASSOCIATED MUSCLE CRAMP; EXERCISE RELATED PAIN; EXERTIONAL RHABDOMYOLYSIS; FASCIOTOMY; FOOT BLISTER; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION; HEAT EXHAUSTION; HEAT STROKE; HEAT SYNCOPE; HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA; HUMAN; HYPONATREMIA; HYPOTHERMIA; ILIOTIBIAL BAND FRICTION SYNDROME; KNEE FUNCTION; KNEE MENISCUS RUPTURE; KNEE PAIN; LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; MARATHON RUNNER; MEDIAL TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME; MUSCLE CRAMP; MUSCLE STRETCHING; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY; PAIN; PATELLAR RUPTURE; PATELLAR TENDINOPATHY; PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME; PERONEAL TENDINOPATHY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PLANTAR FASCIITIS; POSTERIOR TIBIAL TENDINOPATHY; PREVALENCE; RHABDOMYOLYSIS; RISK FACTOR; RUNNING; SELF REPORT; SESAMOID STRESS INJURY; SPORT; SPORT INJURY; STRESS FRACTURE; SUNBURN; THERMAL EDEMA; ULTRAMARATHON; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 84872259011     PISSN: 1537890X     EISSN: 15378918     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e318272c34b     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Baldea JD, Khodaee M, Poddar SK, et al. Training patterns, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication use, and effects on high-altitude ultramarathon performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2009; 41: 703.
2. Boike A, Schnirring-Judge M, McMillin S. Sesamoid disorders of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. 2011; 28: 269-85, vii.
3. Chumanov ES, Wille CM, Michalski MP, Heiderscheit BC. Changes in muscle activation patterns when running step rate is increased. Gait Posture. 2012; 36: 231-5.
4. Clarkson PM, Eichner ER. Exertional rhabdomyolysis: does elevated blood creatine kinase foretell renal failure? Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2006; 5: 57-60.
5. Collado H, Fredericson M. Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Clin. Sports Med. 2010; 29: 379-98.
6. Cosca DD, Navazio F. Common problems in endurance athletes. Am. Fam. Physician. 2007; 76: 237-44.
7. Edwards WB, Taylor D, Rudolphi TJ, et al. Effects of stride length and running mileage on a probabilistic stress fracture model. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2009; 41: 2177-84.
8. Ellis R, Hing W, Reid D. Iliotibial band friction syndrome V a systematic review. Man. Ther. 2007; 12: 200-8.
9. Fallon KE. Musculoskeletal injuries in the ultramarathon: the 1990Westfield Sydney to Melbourne run. Br. J. Sports Med. 1996; 30: 319-23.
10. Fields KB. Running injuries V changing trends and demographics. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2011; 10: 299-303.
11. Fiore DC, Hall S, Shoja P. Altitude illness: risk factors, prevention, presentation, and treatment. Am. Fam. Physician. 2010; 82: 1103-10.
12. George CA, Hutchinson MR. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Clin. Sports Med. 2012; 31: 307-19.
13. Getzin AR, Milner C, LaFace KM. Nutrition update for the ultraendurance athlete. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2011; 10: 330-9.
14. Gunter P, Schwellnus MP. Local corticosteroid injection in iliotibial band friction syndrome in runners: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Sports Med. 2004; 38: 269-72; discussion 272.
15. Hobara H, Sato T, Sakaguchi M, et al. Step frequency and lower extremity loading during running. Int. J. Sports Med. 2012; 33: 310-3.
16. Hoffman MD, Fogard K. Factors related to successful completion of a 161-km ultramarathon. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2011; 6: 25-37.
17. Hoffman MD, Lee J, Zhao H, Tsodikov A. Pain perception after running a 100-mile ultramarathon. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2007; 88: 1042-8.
18. Hoffman MD, Stuempfle KJ, Rogers IR, Weschler LB, Hew-Butler T. Hyponatremia in the 2009 161-km Western States Endurance Run. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2012; 7: 6-10.
19. Jessee AD, Gourley MM, Valovich McLeod TC. Bracing and taping techniques and patellofemoral pain syndrome. J. Athl. Train. 2012; 47: 358-9.
20. Khodaee M, Myers R, Spittler J, et al. Risk Factors for Injuries in a high-altitude ultramarathon. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011; 45: 355-6.
21. Kindred J, Trubey C, Simons SM. Foot injuries in runners. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2011; 10: 249-54.
22. Knechtle B, Gnadinger M, Knechtle P, et al. Prevalence of exercise-associated hyponatremia in male ultraendurance athletes. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2011; 21: 226-32.
23. Krabak BJ, Waite B, Schiff MA. Study of injury and illness rates in multiday ultramarathon runners. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2011; 43: 2314-20.
24. Landau ME, Kenney K, Deuster P, Campbell W. Exertional rhabdomyolysis: a clinical review with a focus on genetic influences. J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis. 2012; 13: 122-36.
25. Lopes AD, Hespanhol Junior LC, Yeung SS, Costa LO. What are the Main Running-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries?: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2012;42: 891-905.
26. Mailler EA, Adams BB. The wear and tear of 26.2: dermatological injuries reported on marathon day. Br. J. Sports Med. 2004; 38: 498-501.
27. McCormick F, Nwachukwu BU, Provencher MT. Stress fractures in runners. Clin. Sports Med. 2012; 31: 291-306.
28. McKean KA, Manson NA, Stanish WD. Musculoskeletal injury in the masters runners. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2006; 16: 149-54.
29. Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Hodgson AB, et al. Nutritional intake and gastrointestinal problems during competitive endurance events. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2012; 44: 344-51.
30. Rehman S, Joglekar SB. Acute isolated lateral compartment syndrome of the leg after a noncontact sports injury. Orthopedics. 2009; 32: 523.
31. Rodriguez NR, DiMarco NM, Langley S. Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of SportsMedicine: nutrition and athletic performance. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2009; 109: 509-27.
32. Rogers IR, Hew-Butler T. Exercise-associated hyponatremia: overzealous fluid consumption. Wilderness Environ. Med. 2009; 20: 139-43.
33. Scheer BV, Murray A. Al Andalus Ultra Trail: an observation of medical interventions during a 219-km, 5-day ultramarathon stage race. Clin. J. SportMed. 2011; 21: 444-6.
34. Schueller-Weidekamm C, Schueller G, Uffmann M, et al. Does marathon running cause acute lesions of the knee? Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2006; 16: 2179-85.
35. Schwellnus MP, Allie S, Derman W, Collins M. Increased running speed and pre-race muscle damage as risk factors for exercise-associated muscle cramps in a 56 km ultra-marathon: a prospective cohort study. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011; 45: 1132-6.
36. Schwellnus MP, Drew N, Collins M. Increased running speed and previous cramps rather than dehydration or serum sodium changes predict exerciseassociated muscle cramping: a prospective cohort study in 210 Ironman triathletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011; 45: 650-6.
37. Seto CK,Way D, O'Connor N. Environmental illness in athletes. Clin. Sports Med. 2005; 24: 695-718, x.
38. Simons SM, Kennedy RG. Gastrointestinal problems in runners. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2004; 3: 112-6.
39. Simpson MR, Howard TM. Tendinopathies of the foot and ankle. Am. Fam. Physician. 2009; 80: 1107-14.
40. Skenderi KP, Kavouras SA, Anastasiou CA, et al. Exertional rhabdomyolysis during a 246-km continuous running race. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2006; 38: 1054-7.
41. Spittler J, Khodaee M, Hill J. Supplement and medication use during a highaltitude ultra-marathon race. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2012; 22: 191-2.
42. Strauss EJ, Kim S, Calcei JG, Park D. Iliotibial band syndrome: evaluation and management. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2011; 19: 728-36.
43. Taunton JE, Ryan MB, Clement DB, et al. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br. J. Sports Med. 2002; 36: 95-101.
44. Thalmann M, Sodeck GH, Kavouras S, et al. Proton pump inhibition prevents gastrointestinal bleeding in ultramarathon runners: a randomised, double blinded, placebo controlled study. Br. J. Sports Med. 2006; 40: 359-62; discussion 362.
45. Tucker AK. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the leg. Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med. 2010; 3: 32-7.
46. van Gent RN, Siem D, van Middelkoop M, et al. Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review. Br. J. Sports Med. 2007; 41: 469-80; discussion 480.
47. Wilder RP, Sethi S. Overuse injuries: tendinopathies, stress fractures, compartment syndrome, and shin splints. Clin. Sports Med. 2004; 23: 55-81, vi.
48. Wortley G, Islas AA. The problem with ultra-endurance athletes. Br. J. Sports Med. 2011; 45: 1085.
49. Wright H, Collins M, Villiers RD, Schwellnus MP. Are splanchnic hemodynamics related to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in ironman triathletes? A prospective cohort study. Clin. J. Sport Med. 2011; 21: 337-43.