In good company: Association between fungal glycans generates molecular complexes with unique functions

Frontiers in Microbiology

Volumn 3, Issue JUL, 2012, Pages

  Rodrigues, Marcio L ^a,b   Nimrichter, Leonardo ^b  

^a INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ   (Brazil)

^b FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Chitin; Cryptococcus neoformans; Glucuronoxylomannan; Glycan association; Polysaccharides

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872007673     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664302X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00249     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams, D. J. (2004). Fungal cell wall chitinases and glucanases. Microbiology 150, 2029-2035.
2. Bertozzi, C. R., and Rabuka, D. (2009). "Structural basis of glycan diversity, chapter 2," in Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd Edn. eds A. Varki, R. D. Cummings, J. D. Esko, H. H. Freeze, P. Stanley, C. R. Bertozzi, G. W. Hart, and M. E. Etzler. (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press). Available online at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1955/
3. Casadevall, A., Cleare, W., Feldmesser, M., Glatman-Freedman, A., Goldman,D.L.,Kozel,T.R., Lendvai, N., Mukherjee, J., Pirofski, L. A., Rivera, J., Rosas, A. L., Scharff, M.D.,Valadon,P.,Westin,K.,and Zhong, Z. (1998). Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide that is a candidate for human therapeutic studies. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 1437-1446.
4. Casadevall,A.,Nosanchuk,J.D., Williamson, P., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2009). Vesicular transport across the fungal cell wall. Trends Microbiol. 17, 158-162.
5. Casadevall, A., and Pirofski, L. (2005). Insights into mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunity from studies with Cryptococcus neoformans. Curr. Mol. Med. 5, 421-433.
6. Casadevall,A.,and Pirofski, L. A. (2006). Polysaccharide-containing conjugate vaccines for fungal diseases. Trends Mol. Med. 12, 6-9.
7. Cordero, R. J., Pontes, B., Guimaraes, A. J.,Martinez,L.R.,Rivera,J.,Fries, B. C., Nimrichter, L., Rodrigues, M. L., Viana, N. B., and Casadevall, A. (2011). Chronological aging is associated with biophysical and chemical changes in the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect. Immun. 79, 4990-5000.
8. De Jesus, M., Nicola, A. M., Rodrigues, M. L., Janbon, G., and Casadevall, A. (2009). Capsular localization of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide component galactoxylomannan. Eukaryot. Cell 8, 96-103.
9. Doering, T. L. (2009). How sweet it is! cell wall biogenesis and polysaccharide capsule formation in Cryptococcus neoformans. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 63, 223-247.
10. Fonseca, F. L., Frases, S., Casadevall, A., Fischman-Gompertz, O., Nimrichter, L., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2009a). Structural and functional properties of the Trichosporon asahii glucuronoxylomannan. Fungal Genet. Biol. 46, 496-505.
11. Fonseca, F. L., Nimrichter, L., Cordero, R. J., Frases, S., Rodrigues, J., Goldman, D. L., Andruszkiewicz, R., Milewski, S., Travassos, L. R., Casadevall, A., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2009b). Role for chitin and chitooligomers in the capsular architecture of Cryptococcus neoformans. Eukaryot. Cell 8, 1543-1553.
12. Frases, S., Nimrichter, L., Viana, N. B., Nakouzi, A., and Casadevall, A. (2008). Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide and exopolysaccharide fractions manifest physical, chemical, and antigenic differences. Eukaryot. Cell 7, 319-327.
13. Fukazawa, Y., Kagaya, K., and Shinoda, T. (1995). Cell wall polysaccharides of pathogenic yeasts. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 6, 189-219.
14. Goldman, D. L., Li, X., Tsirilakis, K., Andrade, C., Casadevall, A., and Vicencio, A. G. (2012). Increased chitinase expression and fungalspecific antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic children. Clin.Exp.Allergy42, 523-530.
15. Goldman, D. L., and Vicencio, A. G. (2012). The chitin connection. MBio 3, pii: e00056-12.
16. Jesus, M. D., Nicola, A. M., Chow, S. K.,Lee,I.R.,Nong,S.,Specht,C. A.,Levitz,S.M.,andCasadevall, A. (2010). Glucuronoxylomannan, galactoxylomannan, and mannoprotein occupy spatially separate and discrete regions in the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. Virulence 1, 500-508.
17. Kuranda, M. J., and Robbins, P. W. (1991). Chitinase is required for cell separation during growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19758-19767.
18. Larsen,R.A.,Pappas,P.G.,Perfect,J., Aberg, J. A., Casadevall, A., Cloud, G.A.,James,R.,Filler,S.,and Dismukes, W. E. (2005). Phase I evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of murine-derived anticryptococcal antibody 18B7 in subjects with treated cryptococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49, 952-958.
19. Lee, C. G., Da Silva, C. A., Lee, J. Y., Hartl, D., and Elias, J. A. (2008). Chitin regulation of immune responses: an old molecule with new roles. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 684-689.
20. Levitz, S. M., and Specht, C. A. (2006). The molecular basis for the immunogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans mannoproteins. FEMS Yeast Res. 6, 513-524.
21. Li, M., Chen, Q., Shen, Y., and Liu, W. (2009). Candida albicans phospholipomannan triggers inflammatory responses of human keratinocytes through toll-like receptor 2. Exp. Dermatol. 18, 603-610.
22. Maxson, M. E., Cook, E., Casadevall, A., and Zaragoza, O. (2007a). The volume and hydration of the Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule. Fungal Genet. Biol. 44, 180-186.
23. Maxson, M. E., Dadachova, E., Casadevall, A., and Zaragoza, O. (2007b). Radial mass density, charge, and epitope distribution in the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. Eukaryot. Cell 6, 95-109.
24. Mora-Montes, H. M., Netea, M. G., Ferwerda, G., Lenardon, M. D.,Brown,G.D.,Mistry,A.R., Kullberg, B. J., O'callaghan, C. A., Sheth, C. C., Odds, F. C., Brown, A.J.,Munro,C.A.,andGow,N.A. (2011). Recognition and blocking of innate immunity cells by Candida albicans chitin. Infect. Immun. 79, 1961-1970.
25. Nimrichter, L., Frases, S., Cinelli, L. P., Viana, N. B., Nakouzi, A., Travassos, L. R., Casadevall, A., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2007). Self-aggregation of Cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan is dependent on divalent cations. Eukaryot. Cell 6, 1400-1410.
26. Nimrichter, L., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2011). Fungal glucosylceramides: from structural components to biologically active targets of new antimicrobials. Front Microbiol. 2:212. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00212
27. Nimrichter, L., Rodrigues, M. L., Rodrigues, E. G., and Travassos, L. R. (2005). The multitude of targets for the immune system and drug therapy in the fungal cell wall. Microbes Infect. 7, 789-798.
28. Nosanchuk, J. D., Rosas, A. L., and Casadevall, A. (1998). The antibody response to fungal melanin in mice. J. Immunol. 160, 6026-6031.
29. Pirofski, L. A. (2001). Polysaccharides, mimotopes and vaccines for fungal and encapsulated pathogens.Trends Microbiol. 9, 445-451.
30. Powell,C.D.,Quain,D.E.,andSmart, K. A. (2003). Chitin scar breaks in aged Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 149, 3129-3137.
31. Ramos, C. L., Fonseca, F. L., Rodrigues, J., Guimaraes, A. J., Cinelli, L. P., Miranda, K., Nimrichter, L., Casadevall, A., Travassos, L. R., and Rodrigues, M. L. (2012). Chitin-like molecules associate with Cryptococcus neoformans glucuronoxylomannan to form a glycan complex with previously unknown properties. Eukaryot. Cell. doi: 10.1128/EC.00001-12. [Epub ahead of print].
32. Reese, A. J., and Doering, T. L. (2003). Cell wall alpha-1, 3-glucan is required to anchor the Cryptococcus neoformans capsule. Mol. Microbiol. 50, 1401-1409.
33. Reese, A. J., Yoneda, A., Breger, J. A., Beauvais,A.,Liu,H.,Griffith,C.L., Bose,I.,Kim,M.J.,Skau,C.,Yang, S.,Sefko,J.A.,Osumi,M.,Latge, J. P., Mylonakis, E., and Doering, T. L. (2007). Loss of cell wall alpha (1-3) glucan affects Cryptococcus neoformans from ultrastructure to virulence. Mol. Microbiol. 63, 1385-1398.
34. Rodrigues, M. L., Alvarez, M., Fonseca, F. L., and Casadevall, A. (2008a). Binding of the wheat germ lectin to Cryptococcus neoformans suggests an association of chitinlike structures with yeast budding and capsular glucuronoxylomannan. Eukaryot. Cell 7, 602-609.
35. Rodrigues, M. L., Nimrichter, L., Oliveira, D. L., Nosanchuk, J. D., and Casadevall, A. (2008b). Vesicular trans-cell wall transport in fungi: a mechanism for the delivery of virulence-associated macromolecules? Lipid Insights 2, 27-40.
36. Rodrigues, M. L., and Djordjevic, J. T. (2012). Unravelling Secretion in Cryptococcus neoformans:more than one way to skin a cat. Mycopathologia 173, 407-418.
37. Rodrigues, M. L., Fonseca, F. L., Frases, S., Casadevall, A., and Nimrichter, L. (2009). The still obscure attributes of Cryptococcal glucuronoxylomannan. Med. Mycol. 47, 783-788.
38. Rodrigues, M. L., Nimrichter, L., Oliveira,D.L.,Frases,S.,Miranda, K., Zaragoza, O., Alvarez, M., Nakouzi, A., Feldmesser, M., and Casadevall, A. (2007). Vesicular polysaccharide export in Cryptococcus neoformans is a eukaryotic solution to the problem of fungal trans-cell wall transport. Eukaryot. Cell 6, 48-59.
39. Rodrigues, M. L., Nosanchuk, J. D., Schrank, A., Vainstein, M. H., Casadevall, A., and Nimrichter, L. (2011). Vesicular transport systems in fungi. Future Microbiol. 6, 1371-1381.
40. Rodrigues, M. L., Travassos, L. R., Miranda, K. R., Franzen, A. J., Rozental, S., De Souza, W., Alviano, C. S., and Barreto-Bergter, E. (2000). Human antibodies against a purified glucosylceramide from Cryptococcus neoformans inhibit cell budding and fungal growth. Infect. Immun. 68, 7049-7060.
41. San-Blas, G., Travassos, L. R., Fries, B. C., Goldman, D. L., Casadevall, A.,Carmona,A.K.,Barros,T.F., Puccia, R., Hostetter, M. K., Shanks, S.G.,Copping,V.M.,Knox,Y.,and Gow, N. A. (2000). Fungal morphogenesis and virulence. Med. Mycol. 38(Suppl. 1), 79-86.
42. Sorgi, C. A., Secatto, A., Fontanari, C., Turato, W. M., Belanger, C., De Medeiros, A. I., Kashima, S., Marleau, S., Covas, D. T., Bozza, P. T., and Faccioli, L. H. (2009). Histoplasma capsulatum cell wall {beta}-glucan induces lipid body formation through CD18, TLR2, and dectin-1 receptors: correlation with leukotriene B4 generation and role in HIV-1 infection. J. Immunol. 182, 4025-4035.
43. Vecchiarelli, A., Pericolini, E., Gabrielli,E., Chow, S. K., Bistoni, F., Cenci, E., and Casadevall, A. (2011). Cryptococcus neoformans galactoxylomannan is a potent negative immunomodulator, inspiring new approaches in anti-inflammatory immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 3, 997-1005.
44. Vicencio, A. G., Narain, S., Du, Z., Zeng, W. Y., Ritch, J., Casadevall, A., and Goldman, D. L. (2008). Pulmonary Cryptococcosis induces chitinase in the rat. Respir. Res. 9, 40.
45. Villena, S. N., Pinheiro, R. O., Pinheiro, C. S., Nunes, M. P., Takiya, C. M., Dosreis, G. A., Previato, J. O., Mendonca-Previato, L., and FreireDe-Lima, C. G. (2008). Capsular polysaccharides galactoxylomannan and glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus neoformans induce macrophage apoptosis mediated by fas ligand. Cell Microbiol. 10, 1274-1285.
46. Yoneda, A., and Doering, T. L. (2006). A eukaryotic capsular polysaccharide is synthesized intracellularly and secreted via exocytosis. Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 5131-5140.
47. Zaragoza, O., Rodrigues, M. L., De Jesus, M., Frases, S., Dadachova, E., and Casadevall, A. (2009). The capsule of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 68, 133-216.