Evaluation of cervical lymph nodes in head and neck cancer with CT and MRI: Tips, traps, and a systematic approach

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 200, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Hoang, Jenny K ^a   Vanka, Jyotsna ^a   Ludwig, Benjamin J ^a   Glastonbury, Christine M ^b  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cervical lymph nodes; CT; Head and neck; Lymphadenopathy; Squamous cell carcinoma

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

ARTIFACT; CALCIFICATION; CANCER INVASION; CANCER MORPHOLOGY; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; CERVICAL LYMPH NODE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; FALSE NEGATIVE RESULT; HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; HUMAN; HYPOPHARYNX CARCINOMA; LARYNX CARCINOMA; LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; MOUTH CARCINOMA; NASOPHARYNX CARCINOMA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OROPHARYNX CARCINOMA; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYROID CARCINOMA; TUMOR VOLUME;

CARCINOMA, PAPILLARY; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NASOPHARYNGEAL NEOPLASMS; NECK; NEOPLASM STAGING; THYROID NEOPLASMS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 84871861572     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: 15463141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.12.8960     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Kao J, Lavaf A, Teng MS, Huang D, Genden EM. Adjuvant radiotherapy and survival for patients with node-positive head and neck cancer: an analysis by primary site and nodal stage. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71:362-370
2. Castelijns JA, van den Brekel MW. Imaging of lymphadenopathy in the neck. Eur Radiol 2002; 12:727-738 (Pubitemid 36940125)
3. Curtin HD, Ishwaran H, Mancuso AA, Dalley RW, Caudry DJ, McNeil BJ. Comparison of CT and MR imaging in staging of neck metastases. Radiology 1998; 207:123-130 (Pubitemid 28168675)
4. Schwartz LH, Bogaerts J, Ford R, et al. Evaluation of lymph nodes with RECIST 1.1. Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:261-267
5. Kaji AV, Mohuchy T, Swartz JD. Imaging of cervical lymphadenopathy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1997; 18:220-249 (Pubitemid 27306715)
6. Goldenberg D, Begum S, Westra WH, et al. Cystic lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck cancer: an HPV-associated phenomenon. Head Neck 2008; 30:898-903 (Pubitemid 352008950)
7. Hudgins PA, Gillison M. Second branchial cleft cyst: not!! (editorial) AJNR 2009; 30:1628-1629
8. Eisenkraft BL, Som PM. The spectrum of benign and malignant etiologies of cervical node calcification. AJR 1999; 172:1433-1437 (Pubitemid 29507652)
9. Som PM. Detection of metastasis in cervical lymph nodes: CT and MR criteria and differential diagnosis. AJR 1992; 158:961-969
10. Robbins KT, Clayman G, Levine PA, et al. Neck dissection classification update: revisions proposed by the American Head and Neck Society and the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 128:751-758 (Pubitemid 34755299)
11. Som PM, Curtin HD, Mancuso AA. Imaging-based nodal classification for evaluation of neck metastatic adenopathy. AJR 2000; 174:837-844 (Pubitemid 30126275)
12. Nieder C, Gregoire V, Ang KK. Cervical lymph node metastases from occult squamous cell carcinoma: cut down a tree to get an apple? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:727-733 (Pubitemid 32515327)
13. Hoang JK, Glastonbury CM, Chen LF, Salvatore JK, Eastwood JD. CT mucosal window settings: a novel approach to evaluating early T-stage head and neck carcinoma. AJR 2010; 195:1002-1006
14. Edge SB, American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC cancer staging manual, 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 2010:xiv, 648
15. Puri SK, Fan CY, Hanna E. Significance of extracapsular lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 11:119-123 (Pubitemid 36363696)
16. Gor DM, Langer JE, Loevner LA. Imaging of cervical lymph nodes in head and neck cancer: the basics. Radiol Clin North Am 2006; 44:101-110 [viii] (Pubitemid 41627687)
17. Yu Q, Wang P, Shi H, Luo J. Carotid artery and jugular vein invasion of oral-maxillofacial and neck malignant tumors: diagnostic value of computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 96:368-372 (Pubitemid 37102921)
18. Yousem DM, Hatabu H, Hurst RW, et al. Carotid artery invasion by head and neck masses: prediction with MR imaging. Radiology 1995; 195:715-720
19. Yoo GH, Hocwald E, Korkmaz H, et al. Assessment of carotid artery invasion in patients with head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope 2000; 110:386-390 (Pubitemid 30143680)
20. King AD, Ahuja AT, Yeung DK, et al. Malignant cervical lymphadenopathy: diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 2007; 245:806-813 (Pubitemid 350127351)
21. 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to evaluate cervical node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008; 100:712-720
22. 18F-FDG PET in restaging patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and elevated calcitonin levels. J Nucl Med 2007; 48:501-507
23. Abdel Razek AA, Soliman NY, Elkhamary S, Alsharaway MK, Tawfik A. Role of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in cervical lymphadenopathy. Eur Radiol 2006; 16:1468-1477 (Pubitemid 43871818)
24. Vandecaveye V, De Keyzer F, Vander Poorten V, et al. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging for nodal staging. Radiology 2009; 251:134-146
25. Chawla S, Kim S, Loevner LA, et al. Prediction of disease-free survival in patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR 2011; 32:778-784
26. Kim S, Loevner LA, Quon H, et al. Prediction of response to chemoradiation therapy in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR 2010; 31:262-268