The carrying capacity and the effects of protection level in three marine protected areas in the Balearic Islands (NW Mediterranean);Capacidad de carga y efectos del nivel de protección en tres AMPs de las Islas Baleares (Mediterráneo Noroccidental)

Scientia Marina

Volumn 76, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 809-826

  Coll, Josep ^a,b   Garcia Rubies, Antoni ^c   Morey, Gabriel ^a,b   Grau, Antoni M ^a  

^a Medi Rural i Marí Govern de les Illes Balears ^*  (Spain)

^b Tragsatec   (Spain)

^c CENTRE D ESTUDIS AVANÇATS DE BLANES CEAB CSIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

Buffer areas; Carrying capacity; Fish; Mediterranean; MPAs; No take areas

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; COASTAL ZONE; FISHERY; FISHING; MONITORING SYSTEM; PROTECTED AREA; SPATIAL VARIATION; SPECIES OCCURRENCE;

BALEARIC ISLANDS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; SPAIN;

EID: 84871626810     PISSN: 02148358     EISSN: 18868134     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3989/scimar.03531.02H     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abdul Malak D., Livingstone S.R., Pollard D., Polidoro B.A., Cuttelod A., Bariche M., Bilecenoglu M., Carpenter K.E., Collette B.B., Francour P., Goren M., Hichem Kara M., Massutí E., Papaconstantinou C., Tunesi L. 2011. Overview of the conservation status of the marine fishes of the Mediterranean sea. Gland, Switzerland and Malaga, Spain: IUCN. vii + 61 pp.
2. Abdulla A., Gomei M., Maison E., Piante C. 2008. Status of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN, Málaga and WWF, France. 152 pp.
3. Agardi T. 2005. Global marine conservation policy versus site-level implementation: the mismatch of scale and its implications. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 300: 242-248.
4. Angulo-Valdes J.A., Hatcher B.C. 2010. A new typology of benefit derived from marine protected areas. Mar. Policy. 34: 635-644.
5. Babcock R.C., Shears N.T., Alcala A., Barret N.S., Edgar G.J., Lafferty K.D., McClanahan T.R., Russ G.R. 2010. Decadal trends in marine reserves reveal differential rates of change in direct and indirect effects. PNAS. 107: 18256-18261.
6. Ballesteros E., Cebrian E. 2004. Estudi sobre la bionomia bentònica, biodiversitat i cartografía de les reserves marines dels Freus entre Eivissa i Formentera, de la badia de Palma i del Nord de Menorca. Informe tècnic del Centre d'estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC. 3 volums. 330 pp.
7. Barret N.S., Edgar G.J., Buxton C.D., Haddon M. 2007. Changes in fish assemblages following 10 years of protection in Tasmanian marine protected area. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 345: 141-157.
8. Bell J.D., Craik G.J.S., Pollard D.A., Russell B.C. 1985. Estimating length frequency distributions of large reef fish underwater. Coral Reefs. 4: 41-44.
9. Berkeley S.A., Hixon M.A., Larson R.J., Love M.S. 2004. Fisheries sustainability via protection of age structure and spatial distribution of fish populations. Fisheries. 29: 23-32.
10. Caddy J.F. 2008. The importance of "cover" in the life histories of demersal and benthic marine resources: a neglected issue in fisheries assessment and management. Bull. Mar. Sci. 83: 7-52.
11. Caddy J.F., Mahon R. 1995. Reference points for fisheries management. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 347. Rome, FAO, 83 pp.
12. Cardona L. 2002. Biogeografia. In: Obra Cultural de Menorca (eds.), Enciclopèdia de Menorca, Tom Cinquè. Vertebrats. Volum 2: peixos, amfibis i rèptils. Maó, Spain.
13. Cardona L., Sales M., López D. 2007. Changes in fish abundance do not cascade to sea urchins and erect algae in one of the most oligotrophic parts of the Mediterranean. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 72: 273-282.
14. Clark C.W. 1990. Mathematical bioeconomics. The optimal management of renewable resources. 2nd ed. A wiley-Interscience publication. Bers L., Hilton P., Hochstadt H., Lax P., Toland J. (eds).
15. Claudet J., Osemberg C.W., Benedetti-Cecchi L., Domenici P., García-Charton J.A., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Badalamenti F., Bayle-Sempere J., Brito A., Bulleri F., Culioli J-M., Dimech M., Falcón J.M., Guala, I., Milazzo M., Sánchez. Meca J., Somerfield P.J., Stobart B., Vandeperre F., Valle C., Planes S. 2008. Marine reserves: size and age do matter. Ecol. Lett. 11: 481-489.
16. Coll J., Garcia-Rubies A., Morey G., Navarro O., Martino S., Riera F., Grau A.M. 2007. The North of Minorca Marine Reserve (W Mediterranean) as a tool for a sustainable management of natural resources. The case of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). In: Francour P., Gratiot J. (eds.), 2nd Symposium on Mediterranean Groupers. Nice, May 10th-13th 2007, pp. 55-57.
17. Coll J., Linde M., García-Rubies A., Riera F., Grau A. M. 2004. Spear fishing in the Balearic Islands: species affected and catch evolution during the period 1975-2001. Fish. Res. 70: 97-111.
18. Côté I. M., Mosqueira I., Reynolds J. D. 2001. Effects of marine reserve characteristics on the protection of fish populations: a meta-analysis. J. Fish Biol. 59: 178-189.
19. Chapman M. R., Kramer D. L. 1999. Gradients in coral reef fish density and size across the Barbados Marine Reserve boundary: effects of reserve protection and habitat characteristics. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 181: 81-96.
20. Denny C.M., Babcock R.C. 2004. Do partial marine reserves protect reef fish assemblages? Biol. Conserv. 116: 119-129.
21. Di Franco A., Bussotti S., Navone A., Panzalis P., Guidetti P. 2009. Evaluating effects of total and partial restrictions to fishing on Mediterranean rocky-reef assemblages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 387: 275-285.
22. FAO 1995. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Special publication for the 21st session of the committee of fisheries, FAO (eds.) March 1995, Rome, Italy.
23. Forcada A., Valle C., Bonhomme P., Criquet G., Cadiou G., Lenfant P., Sánchez-Lizaso J.L. 2009. Effects of habitat on spillover from marine protected areas to artisanal fisheries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 379: 197-211.
24. Francini-Filho R.B., Moura R.L. 2008. Dynamics of fish assemblages on coral reefs subjected to different management regimes in the Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil. Aquat Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. 18: 1166-1179.
25. Froese R., Pauly D. 1999. FishBase 99: conceptos, estructura y fuentes de datos. ICLARM (eds.), Manila, Filipinas, 322 pp.
26. García-Charton J.A., Pérez-Ruzafa A. 1999. Ecological heterogeneity and the evaluation of the effects of marine reserves. Fish. Res. 42: 1-20.
27. García-Charton J.A., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Sánchez-Jerez P., Bayle-Sempere J-T., Reñones O., Moreno D. 2004. Multi-scale spatial heterogeneity, habitat structure, and the effect of marine reserves on Western Mediterranean rocky reef fish assemblages. Mar. Biol. 144: 161-182.
28. García-Charton J.A., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Marcos C., Claudet J., Badalamenti F., Benedetti-Cecchi L., Falcon J.M., Milazzo M., Schembri P. J, Stobart B., Vandeperre F., Brito A., Chemello R., Dimech M., Domenici P., Guala I., Le Diréach L., Maggi E., Planes S. 2008. Efectiveness of European Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs: Do they accomplish the expected effects on populations, communities and ecosystems? J. Nat. Conserv. 16: 193-221.
29. Garcia-Rubies A., Zabala M. 1990. Effects of total fishing prohibition on the rocky fish assemblages of Medes Islands marine reserve (NW Mediterranean). Sci. Mar. 54: 317-328.
30. Gillanders B.M., Able K.W., Brown J.A., Eggleston D.B., Sheridan P.F. 2003. Evidence of connectivity between juvenile and adult habitats for mobile marine fauna: an important component of nurseries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 247: 281-295.
31. Goñi R., Adlerstein S., Álvarez-Berastegui D., Forcada A., Reñones O., Criquet G., Polti S., Cadiou G., Valle C., Lenfant P., Bonhomme P., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Sánchez-Lizaso J.L., García-Charton J.A., Bernard G., Stelzenmüller V., Planes S. 2008. Spillover from six western Mediterranean marine protected areas: evidence from artisanal fisheries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 366: 159-174.
32. Greene L.E., Alevizon W.S. 1989. Comparative accuracies of visual assessment methods for coral reef fishes. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44: 899-912.
33. Grüss A., Kaplan D.M., Guénette S., Roberts C.M., Botsford L.W. 2011. Consequences of adult and juvenile movement for marine protected areas. Biol. Conserv. 144: 692-702.
34. Guidetti P., Sala E. 2007. Community-wide effects of marine reserves in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 335: 43-56.
35. Guidetti P., Milazzo M., Bussotti S., Molinari A., Murenu M., Pais A., Spano N., Balzano R., Agardy T., Boero F., Carrada G., Cattaneo-Vietti R., Cau A., Chemello R., Greco S., Manganaro A., Notarbartolo Di Sciara G., Russo G.F., Tunessi L. 2008. Italian marine reserve effectiveness: Does enforcement matter? Biol. Conserv. 141: 699-709.
36. Halpern B.S., Warner R.R. 2002. Marine Reserves have rapid and lasting effects. Ecol. Lett. 5: 361-366.
37. Harmelin J-G. 1987. Structure et variabilité de l'ichtyofaune d'une zone rocheuse protegée en Méditerrannée (Parc national de port Cros, France). P.S.Z.N. I: Mar. Ecol. 8: 263-284.
38. Harmelin-Vivien M., Le Diréach L., Bayle-Sempere J., Charbonnel E., García-Charton J. A, Oddy D., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Reñones O., Sánchez-Jerez P., Valle C. 2008. Gradients of abundance and biomass across reserve boundaries in six Mediterranean marine protected areas: evidence of spillover? Biol. Conserv. 141: 1829-1839.
39. Jackson J.B.C. 2001. What was natural in the coastal oceans? PNAS. 98: 5411-5418.
40. Jennings S. 2001. Patterns and prediction of population recovery in marine reserves. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 10: 209-231.
41. Kaufmann K.W. 1981. Fitting and using growth curves. Oecologia, 49: 293-299.
42. Knowlton N., Jackson J.B.C. 2008. Shifting baselines, local impacts, and global change on coral reefs. PLoS Biol. 6: e54, 0215-0220.
43. Lester S.E., Halpern B.S. 2008. Biological responses in marine no-take reserves versus partially protected areas. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 367: 49-56.
44. Lester S.E., Halpern B.S., Grorud-Colvert K., Lubchenco J., Ruttenberg B.I., Gaines S.D., Airamé S., Warner R.R. 2009. Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 384: 33-46.
45. Lorenzen K. 2008. Fish population regulation beyond "stock and recruitment": the role of density-dependent growth in the recruited stock. Bull. Mar. Sci. 83: 181-196.
46. Luckhurst B.E., Luckhurst K. 1978. Analysis of the Influence of Substrate Variables on Coral Reef Fish Communities. Mar. Biol. 49: 317-323.
47. Macpherson E. 1998. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use and aggregation in juvenile sparid fishes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 220: 127-150.
48. Macpherson E., Biagi F., Francour P., Garcia-Rubies A., Harmelin J-G., Harmelin-Vivien M., Jouvenel J.Y., Planes S., Vigliola L., Tunesi L. 1997. Mortality of juvenile fishes of the genus Diplodus in protected and unprotected areas in the western Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 160: 135-147.
49. Mayol J., Grau A.M., Riera F., Oliver J. 2000. Llista vermella dels peixos de les Balears. Quadern de Pesca n° 4, Conselleria d'Agricultura i Pesca. Govern de les Illes Balears (eds.). Palma de Mallorca. Spain, 126 pp.
50. McClanahan T.R. 2000. Recovery of a coral reef keystone predator, Balistapus undulatus, in East African marine parks. Biol. Conserv. 94: 191-198.
51. McClanahan T.R., Arthur R. 2001. The effect of marine reserves and habitat on populations of east African coral reef fishes. Ecol. Appl. 11: 559-569.
52. McClanahan T.R., Graham N.A.J., Calnan J.M., Macneil M.A. 2007. Toward pristine biomass: Reef fish recovery in coral reef marine protected areas in Kenya. Ecol. Appl. 17: 1055-1067.
53. McClanahan T.R., Graham N.A.J., Wilson S.K., Letourneur Y., Fisher R. 2009. Effects of fisheries closure size, age, and history of compliance on coral reef fish communities in the western Indian Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 396: 99-109.
54. Micheli F., Halpern B.S., Botsford L.W., Warner R.R. 2004. Trajectories and correlates of community change in no-take marine reserves. Ecol. Appl. 14: 1709-1723.
55. Molloy P., McLean I.B., Côté I.M. 2009. Effects of marine reserve age on fish populations: a global meta-analysis. J. Appl. Ecol. 46: 743-751.
56. Mora C., Myers R.A., Coll M., Libralato S., Pitcher T.J., Sumaila R.U., Zeller D., Watson R., Gaston K.J., Worm B. 2009. Management effectiveness of the world's marine fisheries. PLoS Biol. 7: e1000131.
57. Morales-Nin B., Moranta J., García C., Tugores M.P., Grau A.M., Riera F., Cerdà M. 2005. The recreational fishery off Majorca Island (western Mediterranean): some implications for coastal management. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62: 727-739.
58. Morey G., Moranta J., Massuti E., Grau A., Linde M., Riera F., Morales-Nin B. 2003. Weight-length relationship of littoral to lower slope fishes from the western Mediterranean. Fish. Res. 62: 89-96.
59. Ordines F., Moranta J., Palmer M., Lerycke A., Suau A., Morales-Nin B., Grau A.M. 2005. Variations in a shallow rocky reef fish community at different spatial scales in the western Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 304: 221-233.
60. Palumbi S.R. 2004. Marine reserves and ocean neighborhoods: the spatial scale of marine populations and their management. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 29: 31-68.
61. Pauly D. 1984. Fish population dynamics in tropical waters: a manual for use with programmable calculators. ICLARM Stud. Rev. 8. 325 pp.
62. Pauly D. 1995. Anecdotes and shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. TREE. 10: 430.
63. Plan Development Team. 1990. The potential of Marine Fishery Reserves for reef fish management in the U. S Southern Atlantic. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NMFS-SEFC 261: 1-40, USA.
64. Reñones O., Goñi R., Pozo M., Deudero S. 1999. Effects of the cessation of fishing in protected areas of the Cabrera Archipelago National Park. Results of species of the Serranidae and Sparidae families. In: 1st International Workshop on Marine Reserves, Murcia (Spain).
65. Reñones O., Goñi R., Pozo M., Deudero S., Moranta J. 1998. Effects of protection on the demographic structure and abundance of Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Evidence from Cabrera Archipelago National Park (West-central Mediterranean). In: Mémoires de l'Institut océanographique Paul Ricard. Symposium International sur les Mérous de Méditerranée, novembre 1998, Embiez, France, pp. 155-164.
66. Reñones O., Grau A., Mas X., Riera F., Saborido-Rey F. 2010. Reproductive pattern of an exploited dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces: Serranidae) population in the western Mediterranean. Sci. Mar. 74: 523-537.
67. Roberts C.M., Polunin N.V.C. 1991. Are marine reserves effective in management of reef fisheries? Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 1: 65-91.
68. Russ G.R., Alcala A.C. 1996. Do marine reserves export adult fish biomass? Evidence from Apo Island, central Philippines. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 132: 1-9.
69. Russ G.R., Alcala A.C. 2004. Marine reserves: long-term protection is required for full recovery of predatory fish populations. Oecologia, 138: 622-627.
70. Russ G.R., Stockwell B., Alcala A.C. 2005. Inferring versus measuring rates of recovery in no-take marine reserves. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 292: 1-12.
71. Sala E. 1996. The role of fishes in the organisation of a Mediterranean sublitoral community. PhD thesis. Université d'Aix-Marseille II. Marseille. France. 174 pp.
72. Sala E. 2004. The past and present topology and structure of Mediterranean subtidal rocky-shore food webs. Ecosystems, 7: 333-340.
73. Samoilys M., Carlos G. 1992. Development of an underwater visual census method for assessing shallow water reef fish stocks in the south west Pacific. In: Queensland Department of Primary Industries Northern Fisheries Centre (eds.) PO Box 5396 Cairns Queensland 4870 Australia. 99 pp.
74. Samoilys M.A., Martin-Smith K. M, Giles B.G., Cabrera B., Anticamara J.A., Brunio E.O., Vincent A.C.J. 2007. Effectiveness of five small Philippines' coral reef reserves for fish populations depends on site-specific factors, particularly enforcement history. Biol. Conserv. 136: 584-601.
75. Sánchez-Lizaso J.L., Goñi R., Reñones O., García-Charton J.A., Galzin R., Bayle J. T, Sánchez-Jerez P., Pérez-Ruzafa A., Ramos A.A. 2000. Density dependence in marine protected populations: a review. Env. Conserv. 27: 144-158.
76. Shephard S., Reid D.G., Greenstreet S.P.R. 2011. Interpreting the large fish indicator for the Celtic Sea. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 68: 1963-1972.
77. Stobart B., Warwick R., González C., Mallol S., Díaz D., Reñones O., Goñi R. 2009. Long-term and spillover effects of a marine protected area on an exploited fish community. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 384: 47-60.
78. Tetreault I., Ambrose R.F. 2007. Temperate marine reserves enhance targeted but not untargeted fishes in multiple no-take MPAs. Ecol. Appl. 17: 2251-2267.
79. Underwood A.J. 1997. Experiments in ecology. Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, 504 pp.
80. White A.T., Aliño P.M., Meneses A.T. 2006. Creating and managing marine protected areas in the Philippines-Fisheries. Improved for Sustainable Harvest Project. Philippines Marine Science Institute. Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation, Inc. University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, Cebu City, 83 pp.
81. Wood L.J., Fish L., Laughren J., Pauly D. 2008. Assessing progress towards global marine protection targets: shortfalls in information and action. Oryx 42: 340-351.
82. Worm B., Barbier E.B., Beaumont N., Duffy J.E., Folke C., Halpern B.S., Jackson J.B.C., Lotze H.K., Micheli F., Palumbi S.R., Sala E., Selkoe K.A., Stachowicz J.J., Watson R. 2006. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314: 787-790.
83. Zabala M., Lousy P., Garcia-Rubies A., Gracia V. 1997. Socio behavioural context of reproduction in the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Sci. Mar. 61: 79-89.
84. Zar J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey.